Objective To examine the contribution of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells to liver transplant tolerance. Methods After injection of anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody (mAb, PC61), mouse orthotopic liver transplantation was performed and survivals were determined. The paraffin-embedded sections of hepatic allografts were cut and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE). Furthermore, the effect of CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells on proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells was examined by depleting these regulatory T cells. Results Depletion of these cells in the recipients but not in the donors before liver transplantation caused rejection. Histological analyses of hepatic allografts with PC61 treatment showed extensive leukocyte infiltration and tissue destruction, whereas those in the control group showed minimal changes. Moreover, elimination of CD4+CD25+ T cells resulted in the enhancement of both proliferative response of CD4+ T cells and cytotoxicity of CD8+ T cells against donor-type alloantigen. Conclusions These results suggest that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells were important for tolerance induction to hepatic allografts.

Objective To investigate the expression of CXCR6 in allograft rejection and effect of CXCL16/CXCR6 interaction on allograft survival Methods Intra-abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation was performed using wild type (WT) Balb/c mice (H-2d) (allogeneic) as donors or WT C57BL/6 mice (B6, H-2b) (syngeneic) as donors, and using WT B6 mice as recipients. The intragraft expression of CXCR6 and expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells of the spleens from syngeneic and allogeneic recipients were examined. The allogeneic recipients were further divided into the experimental group (n = 5) and control group (n = 6) randomly. The experiment group and control group were injected with anti-CXCL16 mAb or control mAb respectively until rejection occurred. The cardiac allograft survival in experimental group and control group was evaluated. Results Rejected allografts showed higher expression of CXCR6 than syngeneic cardiac grafts. More importantly,expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells was also up-regulated by allograft rejection. However, injection of anti-CXCL16 mAb could not inhibit cytotoxic activity of CD8+ T cells. Moreover, experimental group could not prolong the cardiac graft survival time as compared with control group. Conclusion Expression of CXCR6 in CD8+ T cells is up-regulated in allograft rejection.

Objective:To investigate the effect of the placement of a drainage tube on the prognosis of patients with pelvic fractures treated by modified Stoppa approach.Methods:The medical records of patients with pelvic fractures treated with modified Stoppa approach from August 2012 to August 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 43 patients including 32 males and 11 females (mean age 47.6 years, range from16 to 69) were included in the study. According to Young-Burgess classification, there were 12 cases of Lateral Compression type LC-I type; 20 cases of Anterior and Posterior Compression type APC-I type and 11 cases of APC-II type. All patients were treated with modified Stoppa approach to reduce the fracture and fix with plate and screw. According to whether a drainage tube was placed during the operation, 22 cases were placed with a drainage tube (drainage group), and 21 cases were not placed with a drainage tube (non-drainage group). The main observation indicators were the intraoperative conditions, antibiotic application, incision suture removal time, postoperative body temperature change, hospital stay and clinical function (Harris score).Results:Wound infection was not observed in two groups. The duration of antibiotic use in the drainage group was 5.0 d (2.0, 8.0) d, and the non-drainage group was 4.0 d (2.0, 5.0) d, the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=1.161, P=0.924). The hospital stays of the two groups were 18.5 d (15.0, 24.3) d and 19.0 d (13.0, 26.0) d, respectively, and the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=0.542, P=0.591). The operation time was 150.2±52.4 min in the drainage group and 138.8±41.2 min in the non-drainage group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.791, P=0.433). The blood loss in the drainage group was 604.6±387.3 ml, and the non-drainage group was 581.0±275.0 ml. The difference was not statistically significant ( t=0.276, P=0.784). The postoperative body temperature changes of patients in the drainage group and non-drainage group were on day 1 (37.5±0.5 ℃ vs. 37.4±0.4 ℃, t=0.322, P>0.05), day 3 (37.1±0.4 ℃ vs. 37.0±0.4 ℃, t=0.286, P>0.05), day 5 (37.0± 0.3 ℃ vs. 36.8±0.2 ℃, t=2.127, P>0.05), on the 7th day (36.8±0.2 ℃ vs. 36.7±0.4 ℃, t=0.491, P>0.05), the difference was not statistically significant. The time for suture removal of surgical incision was 14.1±0.6 d in the drainage group and 13.9±0.6 d in the non-drainage group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( t=1.072, P=0.329). The Harris scores of the two groups were 96 (91, 100) points for the drainage group and 96 (93, 97) points for the non-drainage group, and the difference was not statistically significant ( Z=0.107, P=0.607). Conclusion:There is no significant influence of the application of drainage on recovery of wound or function for patients with pelvic surgery.