Objective:To explore the effect of locking compressing plates (LCP) internal fixation under arthroscopy combined with Zhuyu Tongluo method in the treatment of distal radius fractures (DRF) and its effects on joint function, hemorheology, serum basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2).Methods:A total of 78 patients with DRF admitted to the Second Hospital of Tangshan City from June 2017 to January 2020 were selected and grouped according to the random number table method, with 39 cases in each group. The control group was treated with LCP internal fixation under arthroscopy, and the study group was treated with Zhuyu Tongluo method on the basis of the control group. The recovery, hemorheology (plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity high cut, whole blood low cut, hematocrit), serum bFGF, BMP-2 levels, before and after the operation were compared between the two groups. They were followed up for 6 months and the range of motion of the wrist joints before and after the operation and the excellent and good rate of wrist joint function between the two groups were compared.Results:The swelling subsidence time, pain disappearance time, ecchymosis disappearance time, and fracture imaging healing time in the study group were shorter than those in the control group: (10.37 ± 3.13) d vs. (14.62 ± 3.38) d, (12.39 ± 2.97) d vs. (17.14 ± 4.02) d, (19.15 ± 2.35) d vs. (24.36 ± 3.27) d, (68.21 ± 7.12) d vs. (80.07 ± 8.24) d, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The plasma viscosity, whole blood viscosity high-cut, whole blood low-cut, and hematocrit in the study group were lower than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after operation ( P<0.05). The levels of serum bFGF and BMP-2 in the study group were higher than those in the control group at 1 and 2 weeks after operation: at 1 week after operation: (356.27 ± 46.29) μg/L vs.(236.51 ± 37.42) μg/L, (614.28 ± 61.47) μg/L vs. (487.39 ± 48.24) μg/L; at 2 weeks after operation:(502.07 ± 113.21) μg/L vs. (381.59 ± 82.75) μg/L, (910.77 ± 97.20) μg/L vs. (731.35 ± 92.13) μg/L, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). The palm flexion, back extension, radial deviation, and ulnar deviation in the study group were better than those in the control group at 6 months after operation ( P<0.05). The excellent and good rate of wrist joint function in the study group was higher than that in the control group at 6 months after operation: 89.5%(34/38) vs. 70.3%(26/37), and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). Conclusions:LCP internal fixation under arthroscopy combined with Zhuyu Tongluo method in the treatment of patients with DRF can increase the expression of serum bFGF and BMP-2, reduce inflammation, improve blood rheology, promote fracture healing, and improve wrist range of motion and wrist function.

Objective To propose a MR scoring methods for spatium perilymphaticum gadolinium opacification and explore the value of their diagnosis of Meniere' s disease. Methods Fifty-one asymptomatic and 65 symptomatic patients with Meniere's disease were enrolled in this study.MR imaging ofspatium perilymphaticum after intratypanic gadolinium injection were analyzed with following scoring method.　( 1 ) Semicircular canal not visualized equal to score 0 ; some visualized equal score 1 ; full visualized equal　score 2.(2)There were high-signal and low-signal in the vestibule,low-signal areas above the lateral　semicircular canal plane equal score 6 ; low signal areas down to lateral semicircular canal plane equal score　3 ; no higher signal in the vestibule area equal score 0.( 3 ) Basal turn of cochlea:full visualized equal score　3; part visualized equal score 2; scala vestibule of basal turn smaller than scala tympani equal score　1 regardless of full or visualized in basal turn; no visualized equal score 0. Medial turn of cochlea:full　visualized equal score 2 ; part visualized equal score 1 ; no visualized equal score 0.Apical turn of cochlea:　visualized equal score 1 ; no visualized equal score 0. One radiologist scored all cases with double blind.　SPSS 17.0 software was used to conduct multiple independent-samples nonparametric tests,multivariate　Logistic regression, and ROC curve analysis. Evaluate the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis of　Meniere's disease with the scoring system. Results ( 1 ) Meniere's disease summation score 0 to 12,median 9 (quarter spacing 4.5 ) ; no symptoms group summation score 15 to 18,median 17 (quarter spacing 3),two group differences has statistics significance (Wilcoxon rank and inspection U =-9.118,P =0.00).(2)Based on summation score for the diagnosis of Meniere's disease,tangent point was 14.5,Youden index 0.969,specificity 100.0％,sensitivity 96.9％.( 3 ) Let cochlear,vestibular,semicircular canal scoring for association variable,Logistic regression model:LogitP =61.216 - 7.381 × vestibular -3.056 × canal,based on the P value of ROC curves,diagnostic cut-off point 0.651 (vestibular ≤ 3 or semicircular canals ≤ 4 points ),Youden index 96.9％,specifisity 100.0％, sensitivity 96.9％.Conclusions Perilymphatic space of gadolinium contrast MR score in distinguishing Meniere's disease have practical value,any case meet one of following point could be diagnostic:( 1 ) Perilymphatic space of gadolinium contrast MRI total less than 14.5 ; (2) Vestibular low signal areas down more than lateral semicircular canal plane,namely vestibular score value ≤3;( 3 )Semicircular Canal scoring value ≤4.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility and the clinical value of MRI in the diagnosis of small-bowel disease. Methods Sixty-three patients with suspected small-bowel diseases and 3 volunteers without signs of small bowel disease underwent MRI examination. Thirty-one patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by pathology or clinical results were categorized into two groups (neoplastic and normeoplastic). The conspicuity of bowel wall, the sensitivity of MRI in detecting small-bowel lesions, and the accuracy rate of diagnosis were calculated. The average bowel wall thickness between the two groups was assessed by using Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, mesenteric infiltration, and small-bowel stenosis were analyzed by using Fisher's exact test in each group respectively. Results MRI examinations of all 66 subjects were successfully performed. Images were rated on a continuous 4-peint scale. Sixty-two cases (93.9%) were scored as 2 or 3. The diagnoses of 31 patients (neoplastic group (n = 10) and nonneoplastic group (n = 21) were confirmed by pathology or clinical results. The sensitivity, accuracy of MRI in identifying small bowel diseases were 100% (31/31) and 77.4% (24/31) respectively. The average bowel wall thickness of the two groups was 23 mm(7.0-65.0 mm) and 5 mm(2.0-35.0 mm) respectively, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (Z = - 2.949, P < 0.01). Enlarged lymph nodes in mesentery were found in 7 cases in neoplastic group and 4 cases in nonneoplastic group, and there was a statistically significant difference between the two group (P < 0.05). Small-bowel stenosis was depicted in 10 cases in both groups and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P <0.01). The mesenteric infiltration sign was seen in 5 cases and 17 cases respectively, and showed no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion MRI can depict the location and extension of the small-bowel disease accurately and it is an effective method in the diagnosis of small-bowel disease.

Objective To explore the contrast perilymphatic MRI characteristics of inner ears with sudden hearing loss with vertigo.Methods Forty three patients with sudden hearing loss with vertigo and 35 patients with unilateral tinnitus diagnosed by the department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery were retrospectively included.Forty eight ears (38 ears with unilateral sudden hearing loss and 10 ears in 5 cases with bilateral sudden hearing loss) were regarded as sudden hearing loss group,35 asymptomatic ears (the opposite ears of the unilateral tinnitus ears) as control group.Thirty eight opposite ears of the 38 unilateral sudden hearing loss ears and 35 ears of the control group showed normal in the pure tone audiometry exam.One hundred and twenty one ears (48 hearing loss ears,38 opposite ears of the 38 unilateral sudden hearing loss ears and the 35 control group's ears) underwent contrast perilymphatic MR exams,0.4 to 0.5 ml gadolinium hydrate diluted with saline was injected through the tympanic membrane,twenty four hours later,three-dimensional fluid attenuated inversion recovery (3D-FLAIR) sequence was performed using a 3.0 T MRI scanner.After the contrast perilymphatic MR exam,success in the exam was judged through the raw image.The signal intensity ratio (SIR) of cochlea basal turn and homolateral brain stem was quantitatively calculated.The SIR difference of 48 ears with sudden hearing loss and 35 asymptomatic ears in control group was analyzed by t test.The SIR difference of the 38 unilateral sudden hearing loss ears and the contralateral asymptomatic ears was also analyzed.The presence of endolymphatic hydrops was judged.Results The contrast perilymphatic MRI of 121 inner ears with intratympanic gadolinium injection were all successful.Endolymphatic hydrops were observed in 12 sudden hearing loss ears with the occurrence rate of 25％(12/48).The SIR of basal turn and homolateral brain stem of the sudden hearing loss ears (2.062±0.907) were lower than the SIR of the control groups' asymptomatic ears (2.703± 0.640) with significant difference between them (t=3.619,P=0.001),the SIR of basal turn and homolateral brain stem of the unilateral sudden hearing loss ears (1.941 ±0.860) were also lower than the SIR of the contralateral asymptomatic ears (2.411±0.670) with statistical difference between them (t =3.270,P=0.002).Conclusions Endolymphatic hydrops were observed in sudden hearing loss with vertigo.The SIR of the cochlea in sudden hearing loss ears were lower than that of the asymptomatic ears,indicating the abnormal permeability of the round window membrane.

Objective:To introduce a new surgical procedure for harvesting an iliac bone flap with deep iliac circumflex vessels—"retrograde anatomical method", and report the effect of preliminary application with this procedure.Methods:From June 2018 to May 2021, 15 patients who admitted in the Department of Hand and Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University received surgeries of iliac bone flap with deep iliac circumflex artery by "retrograde anatomical method". During the surgery, appropriate cutaneous perforators or muscular branches were found near the medial side of the iliac bone of iliac tubercle. The branches were dissected from surface inwards to the starting point of deep circumflex iliac blood vessel with microsurgery and micro Schlieren forceps. The iliac bone flap was chiselled out, inserted into femoral head, and then anastomosed with the transverse branches of deep circumflex iliac blood vessel and lateral circumflex femoral blood vessel. All patients were included in the postoperative follow-up at the outpatient clinic to evaluate the preliminary effect of this procedure. Harris scores before and after surgery were assessed with paired t test. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:The length of iliac bone flap was at 3.0-5.0(4.0±0.5) cm, and the length of vascular pedicle was at 4.0-7.0(5.3±1.0) cm. The time of iliac bone flap harvest was 35-55(45.0±6.1) minutes. During the operation, the success rate of harvesting iliac bone flap with deep iliac circumflex artery was 100%, and blood had oozed out of bone surface before the pedicle of all iliac bone flaps was cut-off. The volume of intraoperative autologous blood transfusion was 100-400(226.7±78.2) ml. One patient suffered from traction injury of lateral femoral cutaneous nerve in the operation. The numbness of anterolateral thigh area occurred on the 1st day after the surgery, and relieved 4 months later. Other 14 patients did not suffer from postoperative numbness in the area of anterolateral thigh. The amount of drainage from donor site for the iliac bone flap was 50-70 ml[(62.7±7.5) ml in average] after surgery. Incisions at the donor sites of iliac bone flap healed in stage I. Postoperative follow-up lasted between 3 months and 3 years. There was no incision hernia and other complication in the donor sites of the iliac bone flap. There was a significant difference in Harris scores between at 9, 12 and 18 months after surgery and that before the surgery, respectively( P<0.05). After 18 months, Harris score were at a better level. Conclusion:The "retrograde anatomical method" can quickly determine the nutrient vessels of an iliac bone flap with deep circumflex iliac vessels. The surgical procedure is relatively simple with safe and reliable anatomy. Donor site damage and postoperative complications are greatly minimised. This surgical technique can be considered to be applied clinically.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and clinical effect of modified tibial transverse transport (TTT) technique in treatment of severe diabetic foot.Methods:The research was carried out from November 2015 to November 2017 at the Department of Hand Microsurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. Red latex was used to perfuse 10 adult lower limb specimens through femoral artery. The study observed the occurrence rate of osteofascial cutaneous branches from the inner and posterior edge of tibia within 6.0 to 10.0 cm distal from the tibial tubercle, as well as the number, distribution, outer diameter and other indicators of the perforating cutaneous branches and periosteal branches. Combined with findings in the anatomical observation, a chimeric flap with a vessel of posterior medial tibial osteofascial cutaneous branch was designed to improve TTT in the treatment of diabetic foot. From February 2016 to November 2018, 12 patients with Wagner’s Grades Ⅲ and Ⅳ diabetic feet were treated. All the patients were treated with a modified TTT, with a piece of designed tibial bone flap at 10.0 cm × 2.5 cm in size. After surgery, 5 patients with gangrenous toes received various toe stump reconstruction surgery for removal of the external fixator for bone transport. Two patients had arch stone flap reconstructions for the wounds of heel and sole, 3 patients had the wounds self-healed, and 2 patients with Wagner’s Grade IV diabetic feet had proximal calf amputations. Postoperative follow-ups were run through visits of outpatient clinic, and meanwhile the preliminary effects of the surgical procedure were observed and summarised.Results:Among the 10 specimens, it was found that a total of 11 osteofascial cutaneous branches(2 branches in 1 case and 1 branch in 9 cases) branched out from the posterior edge of tibia within 6-10 cm distal to the tibial tubercle. The distance to the tibial tubercle was 9.23 cm± 0.62 cm, with an outer diameter at 1.10 mm ± 0.10 mm. After penetrating the deep fascia, the osteofascial cutaneous branch further branched out a skin branch with an outer diameter of 0.59 mm± 0.09 mm, and delivered blood supply to the medial skin of calf. Meanwhile, it also branched out a periosteal branch with an outer diameter of 0.85 mm ± 0.10 mm, and supplied blood to the medial periosteum of tibia. All surgery went smoothly. A significant increase of temperature in foot skin and a significant decrease in postoperative Visual Analogue Scale(VAS) score were found in comparison with what before the surgery( P<0.05). The follow-up time of 12 patients was 24-36(29.33 months ± 4.36 months). After surgery, the symptoms of pain and numbness in the affected limbs were significantly improved or even disappeared and the wounds in foot were completely healed in 10 patients. The wounds of TTT in the calf were all healed in stage-I. The segments of tibial bone transport were all completely healed with healing time of 6.17 months ± 0.83 months. The wounds of the 2 amputees healed well. Conclusion:Modified TTT bone graft can effectively promote wound healing and reduce complications by covering the wound with a posterior tibial medial fascia flap in the treatment of severe diabetic foot. Further studies are required to confirm the benefits to the patients from this modified surgical procedure.

Objective To explore the effect of calycosin(CAL)on neuronal autophagy and apoptosis in rats with spinal cord injury(SCI)by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and its mechanism.Methods A total of 32 male or female adult SD rats were randomly divided into the sham group,the SCI group,the CAL low(20 mg/kg)dose group and the CAL high(40 mg/kg)dose group with 8 rats in each group.The rat model of moderate SCI was established by modified Allen's method.After successful modeling,rats were injected intraperitoneally immediately with different dosage of CAL or equal amount of saline once a day for 7 consecutive days.Basso,Beattie and Bresnahan(BBB)scores were used to evaluate the recovery of motor function of rats at 1,3 and 7 d after surgery.At 7 d after surgery,Nissl staining was used to detect the surviving number of motor neurons in anterior horn of spinal cord.Western blot assay was used to assess expression levels of p62,Beclin-1,microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3B),phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(Akt)pathway,Cleaved-Caspase-3,B-cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)and Bcl-2-associated X protein(Bax)proteins.Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure the expression of LC3B in anterior neurons of spinal cord.Results Compared with the sham group,BBB scores,the surviving number of motor neurons and levels of Bcl-2,Bcl-2/Bax,p-PI3K,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt and p-Akt/Akt were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and levels of p62,Beclin-1,LC3B Ⅱ,LC3BⅡ/Ⅰ,Cleaved-Caspase-3 and Bax were significantly increased in the SCI group(P＜0.05).Compared with the SCI group,BBB scores,the survival of anterior horn motor neurons and levels of LC3B Ⅱ,LC3B Ⅱ/Ⅰ,Bcl-2,Bcl-2/Bax,p-PI3K,p-PI3K/PI3K,p-Akt and p-Akt/Akt were increased in the CAL low dose group and CAL high dose group,and levels of p62,Cleaved-Caspase-3 and Baxcould were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion CAL could promote autophagy and inhibit apoptosis of neurons through activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,thereby conferring a protective role following SCI in rats.

We constructed a phage-displayed random mutation library of Tat38-61(51N/55N), for studying the molecular evolution screening of HIV-1 Tat38-61 epitope. We used primers containing the random nucleotide sequences, and introduced the random mutations at the sites of 51 and 55 amino acids coding sequences into full-length Tat sequences by overlapping PCR. With the randomly mutated full-length Tat as template, the Tat38-61(51N/55N) mutants which contained recognition sequences for the Xba I in both ends were amplified by PCR using the designed primers. The mutants were cloned into Xba I site in the phagemid vector pCANTAB5S, then the recombinants were transformed into E. coli TG1, a phage-displayed the random mutation library of Tat38-61(51N/55N) was constructed by the rescue of help virus M13KO7. The results showed that the library consisted of about 5.0 x 10(6) colonies and the phage library titer was 2.65 x 10(12) TU/mL. More than 56.50% colonies in the library were positive for insertion. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotides encoding amino acids at the sites of 51 and 55 distributed randomly. The constructed mutation library could meet the requirements for the following molecular evolution screening, and might prepare the Tat mutants for the further study of new Tat vaccine candidates.
AIDS Vaccines ; immunology ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; metabolism ; HIV-1 ; genetics ; Humans ; Mutation ; Peptide Fragments ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Peptide Library ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology