Objective To investigate the relationship between hepatic venous outflow obstruction (HVOO) and patterns of the hepatic vein (HV) drainage into inferior vena cava (IVC) in piggyback liver transplantation (PBLT).Methods A retrospective analysis on 202 cases of PBLT (from May 2000 to Aug.2015) was conducted.The recipients' patterns of HV drainage into WC and the angle ∠COB between the reconstructed outflow and IVC in the cross section were recorded by preoperative 3D reconstruction.And the lengths and diameters of recipients' HVs were measured during operations.The relationship between the incidence of HVOO and patterns of HV drainage into IVC was analyzed.Results There were 3 patterns of HV drainage into IVC:type Ⅰ (n =136),trunk of left and middle HVs;type Ⅱ (n=52),trunk of right and middle HVs;type Ⅲ (n=14):trunk of three HVs.There was no statistically significant difference within the HVs of each type,when the lengths and diameters were compared respectively.However,the angle ∠COB of type Ⅰ [(164 ±10.14)°] was significantly bigger than type Ⅱ [(44 ± 12.2)°] and type Ⅲ [(96 ± 13.1) °] (P＜0.05).Accordingly,the highest incidence of HVOO (23.5％) was foundin type Ⅰ,followed by type Ⅱ (9.6％),and type Ⅲ had the lowest incidence (7.1 ％) (P＜0.05).The correlation coefficient Cramer's V =0.765.Conclusion This study demonstrated that there was preferable relativity between the HVOO incidence and the patterns of HV drainage into IVC.Type I is more likely to have HVOO.Type Ⅲ is the most ideal one for PBLT.

Background: Bovine papilloma is a neoplastic disease caused by bovine papillomaviruses (BPVs), which were recently divided into 5 genera and at least 24 genotypes. Objectives: The complete genome sequence of BPV type 15 (BPV Aks-02), a novel putative BPV type from skin samples from infected cows in Southern Xinjiang China, was determined by collecting warty lesions, followed by DNA extraction and amplicon sequencing. Methods: DNA was analyzed initially by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using the degenerate primers FAP59 and FAP64. The complete genome sequences of the BPV Aks-02 were amplified by PCR using the amplification primers and sequencing primers. Sequence analysis and phylogenetic analysis were performed using bio-informatic software. Results: The nucleotide sequence of the L1 open reading frame (ORF) of BPV Aks-02 was 75% identity to the L1 ORF of BPV-9 reference strain from GenBank. The complete genome consisted of 7,189 base pairs (G + C content of 42.50%) that encoded 5 early (E8, E7, E1, E2, and E4) and 2 late (L1 and L2) genes. The E7 protein contained a consensus CX2CX29CX 2 C zinc-binding domain and a LxCxE motif. Among the different members of this group, the percentages of the complete genome and ORFs (including 5 early and 2 late ORFs) sequence identity of BPV Aks-02 were closer to the genus Xipapillomavirus 1 of the Xipapillomavirus genus.Phylogenetic analysis and sequence similarities based on the L1 ORF of BPV Aks-02 revealed the same cluster. Conclusions The results suggest that BPV type (BPV Aks-02) clustered with members of the Xipapillomavirus genus as BPV 15 and were closely related to Xipapillomavirus 1.