Axillary osmidrosis may have a negative impact on the patient's normal life and social interaction , though it has no obvious harm to health .Such factors as gene , hormone and food are involved in the occurrence and severity of axillary osmidrosis .The pathogenesis mechanism remians unclear .This paper aims to review on the research progress of the pathogenesis mechanism and related factors of axillary osmidrosis in recent years .

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of taper and inserting angle on stability of micro-implants in type II bone and to provide theoretical evidence for clinical selection of taper and inserting angle.

METHODSThree-dimensional finite element models of type II bone sections and micro-implants were fabricated. They were designed using different tapers (diameter between 1.1 to 1.6 mm, taper between 0 to 0.0625) and different inserting angles ranging from 30 degrees to 90 degrees (30 degrees, 45 degrees, 60 degrees, 75 degrees, 90 degrees). Effects on the maximum von Mises stresses in mandible and micro-implants, as well as on the maximum displacements in micro-implants, were analyzed under an applied 2 N horizontal force.

RESULTSThe inserting angle had a significant effect on stresses and displacements, with lower distribution of stresses and displacements occurring at 60 degrees. The effect of the taper was also related to the inserting angle. The minimum stresses were 5.013 4 MPa (cortical bone) and 25.1310 MPa (micro-implant) in model D at 60 degrees. The displacements of micro-implants were proportional to the taper.

CONCLUSIONThe inserting angle has a significant effect on stability of micro-implants, and the recommended inserting angle is 60 degrees. The influence of taper on the stability of micro-implants is related to the inserting angle. The micro-implant with 0.0375 taper (maximum diameter is 1.6 mm, minimum diameter is 1.3 mm) is more suitable for type II bones.

Bone and Bones ; Dental Implants ; Dental Stress Analysis ; Finite Element Analysis ; Humans ; Mandible ; Stress, Mechanical

Objective To evaluate the effect of taper and inserting angle on stability of micro-implants in type Ⅱ bone and to provide theoretical evidence for clinical selection of taper and inserting angle. Methods Three-dimensional finite element models of type Ⅱ bone sections and micro-implants were fabricated. They were designed using different tapers (diameter between 1.1 to 1.6 mm, taper between 0 to 0.062 5) and different inserting angles ranging from 30° to 90° (30°, 45°, 60°, 75°, 90°). Effects on the maximum von Mises stresses in mandible and micro-implants, as well as on the maximum displacements in micro-implants, were analyzed under an applied 2 N horizontal force. Results The inserting angle had a significant effect on stresses and displacements, with lower distribution of stresses and displacements occurring at 60°. The effect of the taper was also related to the inserting angle. The minimum stresses were 5.013 4 MPa (cortical bone) and 25.131 0 MPa (micro-implant) in model D at 60°. The displacements of micro-implants were proportional to the taper. Conclusion The inserting angle has a significant effect on stability of micro-implants, and the recommended inserting angle is 60°. The influence of taper on the stability of micro-implants is related to the inserting angle. The micro-implant with 0.037 5 taper (maximum diameter is 1.6 mm, minimum diameter is 1.3 mm) is more suitable for type Ⅱ bones.

Objective: To investigate the features of literature on hand-transmitted vibration in China, 1990-2016. Methods: In September 2017, the studies on hand-transmitted vibration in China, which were published in Chinese or English during 1990-2016, with "China" and "Taiwan" as the places where author affiliations were located, were retrieved. A bibliometric analysis was performed to investigate the type of articles, publication time, the journals in which articles were published, author affiliations, author regions, and funding. Results: A total of 205 articles on hand-transmitted vibration were retrieved. There were 7.59 articles on average published annually from 1990 to 2016. In the 205 articles, 114 (55.61%) were published in the journals indexed in one or two core journal databases. In the 64 journals, 22 (34.38%) were indexed in one or two core journal databases. The first authors were from 22 provincial regions (provinces, autonomous regions, or centrally administered municipalities) in China, with 152 articles (74.15%) by the authors in the top five regions. There were a total of 876 authors, and the co-authorship degree was 4.27 (876/205). Most of the first authors (136 articles, 66.34%) were affiliated with universities or institutes for prevention and control of occupational diseases. Among the 205 articles, 103 (50.24%) were original articles or investigations, and 72 (35.12%) were funded. Conclusion The studies on hand-transmitted vibration fluctuated and increased from 1990 to 2016, with a relatively concentrated distribution in terms of sources, regions, and institutions. Interregional and international academic exchange should be strengthened.

Objective To explore the feasibility of individual identification based on the 2D-3D face image superimposition in Han individuals.Methods The 2D video surveillance images(including front,left and right side)and high-precision 3D face models of 10 Han individuals were collected,and Autodesk 3ds Max 2018 software was used to perform perspective matching on the 3D face models,and superimposed them on the 2D images,and the mean values of the distances between corresponding 11 feature points in the 2D-3D face images were calculated.The superimposition of 2D-3D face images from the same individual was defined as the matching group,and the superimposition of 2D-3D face images from different individuals was defined as the non-matching group.Results In general,the average distance ranges of the corresponding feature points between the matching group and the non-matching group did not overlap(P<0.05).Conclusion The non-overlapping mean range preliminarily indicates that the individual identification method based on the overlay comparison of 2D-3D face images described in this paper is feasible for Han individuals.

Objective:To compare of the efficacy of Steinman pin-assisted and manual reduction for the treatment of distal femoral fracture with anterograde intramedullary nail.Methods:From January 2014 to August 2018, data of 54 patients with distal femoral fracture were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fracture reduction methods, patients were divided into two groups: bare-handed reduction group and Steinman pin-assisted reduction group (referred to Steinman pin group). There were 16 males and 10 females in bare-handed reduction group, with age of 37.5±9.2 years (range, 21-59 years). According to AO/OTA classification, 16 cases were type 32-A, 7 type 32-B, 3 type 32-C. There were 19 males and 9 females in Steinman pin reduction group, with age of 36.4±9.8 years (range, 18-55 years). According to AO/OTA classification, 19 cases were type 32-A, 7 type 32-B, 2 type 32-C. The reduction time, fluoroscopy times, intraoperative blood loss, fracture healing time, and knee joint function score of American hospital for special surgery (HSS) were compared between the two groups.Results:The amount of blood loss during operation was 142.78±29.76 ml in the bare-handed group, and 94.81±17.71 ml in the Steinman pin group. The reduction time of fracture was 14.19±2.50 min in the bare-handed group and 5.02±1.69 min in the Steinman pin group. The times of fluoroscopy during reduction was 12.56 ±2.01 in the bare-handed group and 5.01±1.51 in the Steinman pin group. There were significant differences in the above indexes ( t=12.19, 4.02, 5.47; all P < 0.05). All 54 patients were followed up for 12-51 months, with an average of 23.4 months. All the fractures healed, and there was no delayed union or nonunion. The healing time was 7.01±1.15 months in the bare-handed group and 5.99±0.97 months in the Steinman pin group. There were no significant difference. The HSS score of knee joint function was 23.7±4.1 before operation, 61.3±4.5 at 1 month after operation, 70.2±4.2 at 2 months after operation, 78.9±5.9 at 3 months after operation, 87.9±4.6 at 6 months after operation, and 93.1±5.8 at 12 months after operation, in the bare-handed group. Meanwhile, in the Steinman pin group, 22.5±3.8 before operation, 62.2±5.1 at 1 month after operation, 69.1±4.7 at 2 months after operation, 79.2±4.3 at 3 months after operation, 88.6±5.3 at 6 months after operation, and 92.3±6.1 at 12 months after operation. There were no significant difference between the two groups ( t=1.113, 0.689, 0.908, 0.212, 0.519, 0.494, P > 0.05). There were significant differences between the two groups at each time point before and after operation ( F=716.42, 815.52, P < 0.001). There were no complications such as injection point infection, vascular and nerve injury, failure of internal fixation and so on. Conclusion:Both groups had good functional recovery after operation. However, compared with bare-handed reduction, Steinman pin groupreduction has less intraoperative blood loss, shorter reduction time and less fluoroscopy times, which is a safer reduction method.