Objective To evaluate the feasibility of 80 kV tube kilovoltage in aortic artery CT angiography with 256-slice CT. Methods A total of 62 patients undergoing aortic artery CTA were enrolled into this study and divided into conventional tube kilovoltage (120 kV, n = 31 ) and low tube kilovoltage (80 kV, n = 31 ). The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) , contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), volume CT dose index (CTDIvol) and effective dose (E) were evaluated, respectively. Results The mean image SNR was ( 35.92 ± 5.04) and ( 33.95 ± 8. 30) for conventional tube kilovoltage and low tube kilovoltage,respectively, with no significant difference (t = 1. 131, P =0. 263). The mean image CNR was (30. 32 ±4.78) and (28.71 ± 7.96 ) for conventional tube kilovoltage and low tube kilovoltage, respectively, with no significant difference ( t = 0. 964, P = 0. 339 ). The average effective dose ( E ) was ( 14. 28 ± 0.96 )mSv and (9. 72± 0. 81 )mSv for conventional tube kilovoltage and low tube kilovoltage, respectively, with significant difference ( t = 20. 12, P ＜ 0. 001 ). Conclusions 80 kV tube kilovoltage aortic artery CTA can reduce radiation dose by 31.9% , and contrast dose 50% ,and maintain image quality compared with 120 kV tube kilovoltage.

Objective To observe the effects of porous polylactic acid/polyglycolic acid copolymer(PLGA) filling into extraction socket on the regeneration of alveolar bone in rats.Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were divided into experimental group and control group(n=30).PLGA scaffold was immediately implanted in the mandibular incisor root sockets after removal of incisor teeth.Soft X-ray photography,structural observation,light microscopy were used to evaluate the effects of composite on bone healing in a rat tooth extraction socket.Results The relative lengths of residual alveolar ridge in the experimental group 4,8 weeks after operation were shorter than that in the control group,and there were significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(P

To investigate the influence factors and effects of metal or dissolving microneedles on the formation and healing of skin microchannels, the pencil-shaped or conical stainless steel microneedles with different lengths, tip to tip space and base area, and the pencil-shaped dissolving microneedles with different tip to tip space were used. The microneedles were applied to the skin of epilatory mice and rats, and the effects of various microneedle parameters, application parameters, and animals on the microchannels were explored by the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and methylene blue staining. Visually observe the skin local irritation caused by the microneedles. The animal experiments were approved by the Animal Experiments Welfare and Ethical Committee of Zhejiang University of Technology. The application time of the microneedle should be maintained at 30 s or more. When the insertion forces were 2, 4, 8 N, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 12.9, 33.0, 40.4 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the length of metal microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 37.1, 40.4, 49.5 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the tip to tip space of metal microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 33.2, 40.4, 55.8 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. When the base area of metal microneedle were 0.16, 0.35, 0.62 cm², and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 35.1, 40.4, 67.1 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The effects of conical and pencil-shaped microneedles are similar. When the tip to tip space of pencil shaped dissolving microneedle were 400, 600, 800 μm, and the TEWL initial values of the formed microchannels were 49.8, 60.5, 70.5 g·m^-2·h^-1, respectively. The TEWL baseline values of animal skins of different genders and series are different, but the tendency of microchannels formation and closure is similar. Visual inspection revealed that the slight erythema caused by the microneedles subsided within 24 h. Microneedles of different parameters have different effects on microchannels. The microchannels closed within 24 or 48 h, and the skin local irritation caused by microneedle was mild.

Objective To analyze the character of Pol-specific T lymphocyte responses and identify immunodominant region recognized in Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C infectors at different stages of diseases. Methods Eleven Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C infectors infected in 18 months, 25 which infected time more than 3 years and 10 HIV-1-seronegative healthy individuals were enrolled. HIV-1-specific T lymphocyte responses were analyzed by an IFN-γ ELISPOT assay against 249 overlapping peptides spanning HIV-1 Pol protein in the present study. Results Pol-specific T lymphocyte responses of IFN-γsecretion were identified in 8 (72.73%) out of 11 infectors infected in 18 months, the specific T lymphocytes are mainly targe-ted at six peptides which amino acid position from Pol 481 to 631 in reverse transcriptase region: Pol5581, Pol5582, Pol5587, Pol5609, Pol5610 and Pol5615. There was a negative correlation between the breadth of re-sponse and peripheral CD4+ T cell count (P=0.0212, r=-0.762) ; Responses were identified in 15 (60%) out of 25 chronic infectors, the specific T lymphocytes are mainly targeted at four peptides which amino acid po-sition from Pol 241 to 295: Pol5521, Pol5525, Pol5526, Pol5531 and another peptide: Pol5638 which amino acid position from Pol 708 to 722 in reverse transcriptase region. There was a positive correlation between the magnitude of Pol-specific IFN-γ secretion T lymphocyte responses and plasma viremia (P = 0.006 95 , r = 0.660) . None of the seronegative healthy individuals gave the positive responses. Conclusion Chinese HIV-1 recombinant subtype B/C infectors at different stages of diseases mainly recognized different re-gions of Pol.

Objective To investigate the relationship of BPH in patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus with age,weight,blood glucose levels.Methods Totally 141 cases with type 2 diabetes and BPH in elderly patients were discussed.Glucose level,the international prostate symptom score (IPSS),prostate volume (PV) and maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) were determined.Results The levels of IPSS(10.9±2.5 vs.16.4±3.0,P＜0.01; 10.9±2.5 vs.19.4±3.3,P＜0.05) and PV(43.3±7.7 vs.47.9±10.5,43.3±7.7 vs.48.1±8.6,both P＜0.05) were increased in age group of 70-79 years and age group ≥ 80,Qmax in age≥ 80 years was decreased (12.0±2.6 vs.8.5±1.4,P＜0.05) compared with age group of 60-69 years.In contrast to BMI ≤ 24 kg/m2 group,IPSS score,PV and HOMA-IR were increased in BMI ≥ 28 kg/m2 (9.8±3.4 vs.18.8±4.1,P＜0.01; 41.1±10.8 vs.49.1±11.4,1.87±1.1 vs.3.89±2.0,P＜ 0.05).IPSS and PV were higher (12.6±5.7 vs.16.9±4.2,42.9±9.7 vs.48.3±10.6,P＜0.05),Qmax was lower (11.7±1.9 vs.9.0±1.6,P＜0.05) in patients with HbA1c ≥7％ versus HbA1c＜7％.Conclusions Age,obesity,high blood glucose and insulin resistance can promote the progress of BPH in the elderly newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Therefore,control of weight,and lowering the glycosylated hemoglobin may inhibit the progress of BPH.

Objective To analyze the clinical and laboratory phenotypes of Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)in a retrospective study of 96 cases and to evaluate therapeutic efficacy of glucocorticosteroid.Methods The clinical phenotype,laboratory examinations resuhs and the records in the follow-up in 96 patients with DMD were collected.The level of serum creatine kinase(CK)and motor ability before and after glucocorticosteroid therapy were analyzed by statistical analysis.Their myocardium impairments and intelligence conditions were also assessed.Results(1)The level of serum CK (mmol/L)had three peaks at the age of ≤ 3 years old(16 547.9 ±770.9),5 years old(14 371.9 ± 696.7)and 8 years old(13 089.8 ± 877.6).The CK level significantly decreased after dexamethasone (5-10 mg,iv)treatment for 10-15 days,but increased again after prednisone acetate(0.50-0.75 mg · kg-1 · d-1,oral)administration for one month(F =6.758,P =0.003).(2)The motor ability improved in 51 DMD cases with long-term oral admission of prednisone,including 24 cases receiving repeated dexamethasone,iv.(3)The myocardial perfusion imaging in 37 DMD cases showed remarkable uneven “spotted like” radionuclide distribution in ventricle.(4)The intelligence quotients in 24 DMD were lower than normal population.Conclusions There are high CK hyperlipidemia and myocardial damage in the sub-clinical stage of DMD and myocardium impairment is positively correlated with age.Glucocorticosteroid therapy has an important effect on the protection of motor and cardiac functions,with recommendation of using in early stage of disease.

AIM: To observe the expressions of aquaporin 2 (AQP2) in kidney tissues and the contents of endotoxin (ET), interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum in emphysema model rats, and to investigate the relationship between lungs and kidney in humoral metabolism. METHODS: The rats of emphysema were treated by injecting lipopolysaccharide into the trachea with cigarette smoking. Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting analysis were used to observe the expression of AQP2 in kidney tissues. RT-PCR was applied to detect the expression of AQP2 mRNA in kidney tissues. Blood sample and lung tissue were taken and the levels of ET, IL-1β and TNF-α were measured by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS: AQP2 expression in the kidney tissue in model group was greater than that in control group, and the expression of AQP2 mRNA showed the same results (P<0.01). ET, IL-1β and TNF-α levels in serum and lung tissue in model group were markedly higher than those in control group (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: In the emphysema model rats, AQP2 expression is up-regulated in the kidney tissue. The mechanism of emphysema may be related to increasing the levels of ET, IL-1β and TNF-α in the serum and lung tissue obviously.

Objective To investigate the clinical and molecular pathological features of dysferlinopathy in China.Methods Four patients with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy2B(LGMD2B)and 4 patients with Miyoshi-type distal muscular dystrophy(MMD)were clinically analyzed, their skeletal muscle were biopsied and immunohistochemical stained.Four cases of each Duchenne-Aran muscular atrophy and myotis were served as controls.Results The clinical situation of dysferlinopathy was characterized by progressive muscle weakness and atrophy, consistent with progressive muscular dystrophy.Histochemical staining revealed muscle fibers degenerating, regenerating and necrosis in a varying degree.Connective tissue was seen proliferated and inflammatory cells infiltrated in the majority of cases.Immunohistochemical staining with anti-dysferlin monoclonal antibody identified the deficiency of dysferlin on the sarcolemma and in the sarcoplasm of 8 cases with dysferlinopathy.Conclusions(1)The clinical and pathological characters of dysferlinopathy are consistent with progressive muscular dystrophy;(2)Anti-dysferlin monoclonal antibody immunohistochemical staining is a reliable method to diagnose dysferlinopathy, which is worth of wide application in clinic.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment methods of traumatic renal infarction.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 6 cases of traumatic renal infarction treated between September 2008 and February 2013.There were 5 males and 1 female,at age of 5-65 years (average,36.2 years).Causes of injury included vehicle collisions in 4 cases and high falls in 2.Out of 6 cases,segmental renal infarction was identified in 2 and total infarction in 4.According to American Association for the surgery of trauma renal trauma grading system,2 cases were classified to grade Ⅳ and 4 to grade Ⅴ.Results Three cases were managed conservatively,which showed segmental infarction in 1 case and total infarction in 2.Three cases underwent surgical exploration,followed by partial nephrectomy in 1 case,left kidney removal plus partial pancreectomy in 1 and right kidney removal in 1.There were no major complications intraoperatively or postoperatively and no cases received blood transfusion.Period of follow-up was 3-34 months.In conservative management,there were no renal atrophies in segmental renal infarction cases and some degree of atrophies in total renal infarction cases,but none presented with arterial hypertension.Conclusions Enhanced CT is the preferred diagnostic tool for evaluation of traumatic renal infarction.Conservative therapy is the optimal option for most cases,but nephrectomy is reserved for cases of infection or renal hypertension.

0.05).On 1,3 and 5 days after the operation,the PHS and PVAS of Group B decreased significantly than those of Group A(P