Objective To observe the effect of fenofibrate intervention on high-fructose-feeding-induced liver steatosis in rats and explore the possible mechanism. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group ,high fructose group and fenofibrate group[fenofibrate intervention started after 8 weeks of high fructose feeding ,30 mg/(kg · d)]. Rats were sacrificed after 12-week of high fructose feeding. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),free triglyceride(TG)and liver TG content were determined;protein levels of fatty acid synthase(FAS),endoplasmic reticulum stress mark-er Bip and autophagy markers such as Atg7,Beclin1,LC3 and the related pathway mTOR in liver tissues were de-tected. Results Compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group,serum AST,serum total cholesterol, blood free TG and hepatic TG were significantly increased in high-fructose group(P < 0.01). The protein expres-sion of Fas,Bip and mTOR were significantly increased in high-fructose group compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group;the protein expression of Atg7,beclin1 and LC3 were significantly decreased in high-fructose group compared with those in control group and fenofibrate group. Conclusions Long-term high-fructose-feeding induces fatty liver and liver cell injury ,and may affect ERS and autophagy. High-fructose-feeding-in-duced fatty liver may be improved by fenofibrate and its underlying mechanism might be associated with Fas,ERS and autophagy in liver.

AIM: To investigate the effectiveness of recombinanted retrovirus vector in gene therapy. METHODS: The retroviral vector pLXSN S was constructed and transferred into PA317 by means of electroporation, then HepG 2?RAW264.7 and EL 4 cells were infected with the pseudovirus produced from PA317, which highly expressed HBsAg . HBsAg expression was tested by RT PCR and ELISA. RESULTS: HBsAg was expressed variously in the eukaryotic cells mentioned above. HBsAg ( A value) of the cell supernatants (48 hours) were 0.92,0.53,0.42, respectively. CONCLUSION: The vector used in this study was an effective vector to carry genes of interest to target cells and macrophage, and high level HBsAg was expressed in antigen presenting cell such as macrophage, It indicated that plasmid immunity can induce the B lymphocyte and T lymphocyte response to hepatitis B virus surface antigen by stimulating macrophage. As a vector, it may be useful in the test for gene immunity and gene therapy.

Objective To evaluate the effect of 36-neuro-motorial examination on early diagnosis of children with cerebral palsy within 1 year-old.Methods36-neuro-motorial examination was analysed in 210 children with cerebral palsy from 2 to 12 months. Results4-29 items reflecting the abnormity of reflex, muscle tone, posture and motion were observeed in patients with cerebral palsy.If these abnormities were laid according as frequency among 2-6 months,reflex abnormities are knee tendon reflex, palmar grasp reflex,Babinski sign,asymmetrical tonic neck reflex,ankle clonus,sitting equilibrium reflex,stepping reflex,crossed extension reflex,tonic labyrinthine reflex,trunk incurvation reflex,Moro reflex; posture abnormities are head to back≥15°,from supine to the side position, axillar suspension reflex,posterior neck fovea≥1cm in the supine position,landau reflex,Vojta reflex,traction reflex,tonic torticollis,abnormal spontaneous posture;muscle tone abnormities are foot dorsiflexion angle,scarf sign,tonic palmar grasp,to up the foot heel≥30° in the stand position,thumb decussation to the palm,poples angle,adductor angle,heel-ear angle; others are head cycle≤-2s, squint, active movement attenuation or abnormity, auditory abnormity, visual abnormity, ophthalmodonesis, epilepsy.Conclusions 36-neuro-motorial examination is effective for early diagnosis of cerebral palsy within 1 year.

Objective To assess the effect of protein kinase B(PKB)on the learning and memory functions of mice with chronic lead exposure. Methotis Since the first day after birth,50 Kunming mice were randomized into 5 groups(n=10)and exposed to a 6-week acetic lead exposure at the concentrations of 1.2,2.4,4.8,7.2,and 9.6 mmol/L administered in the drinking water,with another 10 having normal water as the control group.After the 6-week exposure.water maze test Was performed to assess the spatial learning and memory abilities of the mice.The total PKB(t-PKB) and phosphorylated PKB(p-PKB)in the cortical brain neurons were determined with Western bloRing.Results The mean latency of finding the platform in the lead exposure groups was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Chronic acetic lead exposure resulted in obviously impaired spatial learning and memory ability in the mice,and the severity ofthe damage was positively correlated to lead concentrations in the blood and brain tissue(r=678,P=0.000;r=0.643,P=0.000).Lead exposure caused a significant dose-dependent reduction in P-PKB level in the cortical neurons,and p-PKB level in the cortical neurons was inversely correlated to blood lead concentrations(r=0.820,P=0.028) and to the spatial learning and memory ability(r=-0.671,p=000).The level of t-PKB in the cortical brain neurons showed no significant changes in response to lead exposure. Conclusion Chronic acetic lead exposure can impair the learning and memory functions of mice possibly in association with reduced content of p-PKB in the cortical brain neurons.

The expensive production of bioethanol is because it has not yet reached the 'THREE-HIGH' (High-titer, high-conversion and high-productivity) technical levels of starchy ethanol production. To cope with it, it is necessary to implement a high-gravity mash bioethanol production (HMBP), in which sugar hydrolysates are thick and fermentation-inhibitive compounds are negligible. In this work, HMBP from an atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreated wheat straw was carried out with different fermentation strategies. Under an optimized condition (15% substrate concentration, 10 g/L (NH4)2SO4, 30 FPU/g dry matter, 10% (V/V) inoculum ratio), HMBP was at 31.2 g/L with a shaking simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) at 37 degrees C for 72 h, and achieved with a conversion of 73% and a productivity of 0.43 g/(L x h). Further by a semi-SFF with pre-hydrolysis time of 24 h, HMBP reached 33.7 g/L, the conversion and productivity of which was 79% and 0.47 g/(L x h), respectively. During the SSF and semi-SSF, more than 90% of the cellulose in both substrates were hydrolyzed into fermentable sugars. Finally, a fed-batch semi-SFF was developed with an initial substrate concentration of 15%, in which dried substrate (= the weight of the initial substrate) was divided into three portions and added into the conical flask once each 8 h during the first 24 h. HMBP achieved at 51.2 g/L for 72 h with a high productivity of 0.71 g/(L x h) while a low cellulose conversion of 62%. Interestingly, the fermentation inhibitive compound was mainly acetic acid, less than 3.0 g/L, and there were no other inhibitors detected, commonly furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural existing in the slurry. The data indicate that the lignocellulosic substrate subjected to the atmospheric glycerol autocatalytic organosolv pretreatment is very applicable for HMBP. The fed-batch semi-SFF is effective and desirable to realize an HMBP.
Biofuels ; Carbohydrates ; chemistry ; Cellulose ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; metabolism ; Fermentation ; Furaldehyde ; chemistry ; Glycerol ; chemistry ; Hydrolysis ; Triticum

3 cm)and small lesions(diameter≤3 cm)were 80.6%(79/98)and 67.2% (45/67),respectively(P

RNA interference(RNAi)is a process by which introduced small interfering RNA(siRNA)can cause the specific degradation of mRNA with identical sequences. The human herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1)RR is composed of two distinct homodimeric subunits encoded by UL39 and UL40, respectively. In this study, we applied siRNAs targeting the UL39 and UL40 genes of HSV-1. We showed that synthetic siRNA silenced effectively and specifically UL39 and UL40 mRNA expression and inhibited HSV-1 replication. Our work offers new possibilities for RNAi as a genetic tool for inhibition of HSV-1 replication.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a commonly occurring human pathogen worldwide. There is an urgent need to discover and develop new alternative agents for the management of HSV-1 infection. Tripterygium hypoglaucum (level) Hutch (Celastraceae) is a traditional Chinese medicine plant with many pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation, anti-tumor and antifertility. The usual medicinal part is the roots which contain about a 1% yield of alkaloids. A crude total alkaloids extract was prepared from the roots of T. hypoglaucum amd its antiviral activity against HSV-1 in Vero cells was evaluated by cytopathic effect (CPE) assay, plaque reduction assay and by RT-PCR analysis. The alkaloids extract presented low cytotoxicity (CC_(50) = 46.6 μg/mL) and potent CPE inhibition activity, the 50% inhibitory concentration (IC_(50)) was 6.5 μg/mL, noticeably lower than that of Acyclovir (15.4 μg /mL). Plaque formation was significantly reduced by the alkaloids extract at concentrations of 6.25 μg/mL to 12.5 μg/mL, the plaque reduction ratio reached 55% to 75% which was 35% higher than that of Acyclovir at the same concentration. RT-PCR analysis showed that, the transcription of two important delayed early genes UL30 and UL39, and a late gene US6 of HSV-1 genome all were suppressed by the alkaloids extract, the expression inhibiting efficacy compared to the control was 74.6% (UL30), 70.9% (UL39) and 62.6% (US6) respectively at the working concentration of 12.5μg/mL. The above results suggest a potent anti-HSV-1 activity of the alkaloids extract in vitro.

Objective To evaluate the therapeutic effect of pulmonary carcinoma by bronchical arterial infusion (BAI) and bronchical arterial infusion with the addition of pulmonary arterial infusion (PAI).Methods Totally 69 cases with pulmonany cancinoma were treated by intervention therapy .Of them ,38 cases were undergone the bronchical arteriography and arterial infusion and 31 cases were undergone the brochical pulmonany arterial dual infusion.Results The bronchical arteryies taken part in the blood supply of neoplasmin all cases ,while the pulmonany artery only in 77% of cases .The effective ratio of BAI +PAI was 87%, and BAI was 65.7%,there were markly different (?

BACKGROUNDThe difference between renal oncocytomas (RO) and renal clear cell carcinomas (RCCs) presents the greatest diagnostic challenge. The aim of this study was to retrospectively determine if RO and RCCs could be differentiated on computed tomography (CT) images on the basis of their enhancement patterns with a new enhancement correcting method.

METHODSForty-six patients with a solitary renal mass who underwent total or partial nephrectomy were included in this study. Fourteen of those were RO and 32 were RCCs. All patients were examined with contrast-enhanced CT. The pattern and degree of enhancement were evaluated. We selected the area that demonstrated the greatest degree of enhancement of the renal lesion in the corticomedullary nephrographic and excretory phase images. Regions of interest (ROI) were also placed in adjacent normal renal cortex for normalization. We used the values of the normal renal cortex that were measured at the same time as divisors. The ratios of lesion-to-renal cortex enhancement were calculated for all three phases. The Student's t-test and Pearson's Chi-square test were used for statistical analyses.

RESULTSAll RCCs masses showed contrast that appeared to be better enhanced than RO on all contrast-enhanced phases of CT imaging, but there was no significant difference in absolute attenuation values between these two diseases (P > 0.05). The ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in the corticomedullary phase showed significantly different values between RO and RCCs. The degree of contrast enhancement in RCCs was equal to or greater than that of the normal renal cortex, but it was less than that of the normal cortex in RO in the corticomedullary phase. The ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in the corticomedullary phase was higher than the cut off value of 1.0 in most RCCs (84%, 27/32) and lower than 1.0 in most RO (93%, 13/14) (P < 0.05). In the nephrographic phase, the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation was higher than that in the corticomedullary phase in most RO (71%, 10/14), showing a prolonged enhancement pattern; and was lower than that in most RCCs (97%, 31/32), showing an early washout pattern (P < 0.05). In the differentiation of RO from RCCs, the sensitivity was 93%, specificity 84%, positive predictive value 72%, negative predictive value 84%, and accuracy for RO was 87, if the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in a cortex phase was lower than the cutoff value of 1.0. The sensitivity was 71%, specificity was 97%, positive predictive value was 91%, negative predictive value was 91%, and accuracy for RO was 89%, if the ratio of lesion-to-cortex attenuation in nephrographic phase was higher than that in the corticomedullary phase.

CONCLUSIONSThe ratios of renal lesion-to-cortex attenuation ratios may be helpful in differentiating RO from RCCs.

Adenoma, Oxyphilic ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Female ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed