Objective To observe the effects of electro-acupuncture ( EA ) on learning, memory and the morphology of hippocampal neural tissues in rats with a model of chronic cerebral ischemia.Methods One hundred and twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. Chronic cerebral ischemia models were successfully established in 104 of them, and those rats were randomly divided into an EA group and a model group with 52 rats each. These were further subdivided into 1,2, 4 and 6 week subgroups with 13 rats in each. The EA group was given EA. The changes in spatial learning and memory ability were observed using a Morris water maze. The morphological changes in hippocampal nerve tissue were observed by HE staining.Results The escape latency in the EA group was significantly different from the model group at the 2nd, 4th and 6th week. The nerve cells in the dentate gyrus were more tightly and consistently lined-up and had rich layers, and the structures in the EA group were better than in the model group.Conclusions EA can improve spatial learning and memory and promote the repair of injury after cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate prourodynamic study and somatosensory evoked potentials(SEPs)before and after operation of children with lipomyelomeningocele(LMMC)and its clinical significance.Methods Urodynamic study(UDS)and SEPs in 31 cases of LMMC who underwent microsurgical release within 1 week preoperatively and 3 months postoperatively were conducted.The 4 parameters used for UDS evaluation were bladder volume,compliance,detrusor activity and residual urine;parameters used for SEPs evaluation were latent period and amplitude.Results There was a statistics significant difference between operation and control group;the similar result was attented in the comparison of before and after operation,also in the comprison of the improved group and the group without improvement after operation.Conclusions UDS and SEPs investigation can provide guidance for the treatment of tethered cord syndrome(TCS)and evaluate clinical prognosis.These cases with the severity changing in UDS and somatosensory shall be avoided unnecessary action in operation.

Central composite design (CCD) is one of the most commonly used design methods in response surface optimization and has been widely applied in the field of pharmaceutics to optimize preparations. On the 20th anniversary of the introduction of CCD into China, the paper reviews its application in domestic pharmaceutical researches. Based on the brief introduction of basic principle and operation steps of CCD, the mistakes emerging in the application of CCD are summarized, including conceptual confusion with Box-Behnken design and face-centered CCD as well as wrong designs. Besides, the issues concerning the selection of factors and responses are discussed. The article is helpful for researchers to comprehensively understand the CCD and facilitates the rational application of this method.

Adult ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Glycogen ; metabolism ; Glycogen Storage Disease Type II ; pathology ; Humans ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; pathology ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle ; pathology ; Pyomyositis ; pathology ; Young Adult

Objective To establish an automatic synthesis method for 11C-carfentanil (CFN) as an novel opiate receptor radioligand and study its biodistribution in rats. Methods 11C-Triflate-CH3 was bubbled into 0.5 mg precursor desmethyl-CFN (which was dissolved in 0.15 ml DMSO) to generate 11C-CFN in a V-tube at room temperature. Sep-Pak C2 column was used for purification of 11C-CFN, which was eluted by 3ml binary system aqueous solution, 10 ml water thrice, and then I ml ethanol. The biodistribution (% ID/g) of 11C-CFN in SD rats was studied. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Non-normal distribution data were analyzed using nonparametric test. Results The synthesis time for 11C-CFN was 20 min (end of bombardment, EOB). The synthesis yield was (35.5 ± 2.2) % on average (n = 12, uncorrected)with the radiochemical purity over 98%. Biodistribution study in rats showed that the tracer had a high brain uptake, rapid blood clearance, and a metabolic pathway via liver and kidney. The highest tracer uptake was in thalamus (4.26 ± 0.89) % ID/g and striatum (4.05 ± 1.08) % ID/g at 5 min after injection, followed by cerebral cortex (2.63±0.89) %ID/g, pons (2.26 ±0.57) % ID/g, hippocampus (2. 17 ±0.55) %ID/g and cerebellum (2. 15 ±0.39) %ID/g. Conclusions The automatic synthesis of 11C-CFN is fast and reliable, and this radioligand can be used for opiate receptor imaging.

The study was purposed to investigate the possible mechanism of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) induced p16 gene demethylation and transcription regulation in the malignant lymphoma cell line-CA46. The induced growth inhibition of CA46 cells was assayed by growth curve and MTT; the DNA content of CA46 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry after being exposed to EGCG; the methylation status of the p16 gene in CA46 cell line before and after treatment with EGCG was detected by the nested-methylation specific PCR and DNA sequencing; the mRNA of p16 and DNA methyltransferases (DNMT3A and DNMT3B) gene were determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that in comparison with the control, all the 3 different concentration of EGCG were able to inhibit the growth of malignancy cell lines and increase the cell number in G(0)/G(1) phase. After treatment with EGCG for 48 hours, the methylation level was apparently attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner. Expression of p16 gene in untreated group was mild while in the treated groups it had been greatly strengthened, as compared with untreated group, the gray scale ratio of p16 to beta-actin 1 treated with EGCG (6, 12, 24) microg/ml was increased from (0.05 +/- 0. 01) to (0.19 +/- 0.03), (0.39 +/- 0.10), (0.85 +/- 0.09) respectively, exhibiting a significant difference (p < 0.05); as compared with the untreated group, after treatment with EGCG for 48 hours, the expressions of DNMT3A and DNMT3B were obviously down-regulated. It is concluded that EGCG can activate and up-regulate the expression of p16 gene mRNA which inhibits the proliferation of CA46 cell through inducing the G(0)/G(1) arrest by demethylation and/or by inhibiting DNMT3A and DNMT3B gene.
Catechin ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; metabolism ; DNA Methylation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Lymphoma ; genetics ; Transcription, Genetic

Adult ; Animals ; Fasciolidae ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; surgery ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Liver Transplantation ; Living Donors ; Male ; Trematode Infections ; drug therapy

Purpose To explore the mutation of CD79B and MyD88 in primary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma and their significance.Methods Histopathologic features were observed in 15 cases of primary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma and immunophenotype was analyzed by immunohistochemical staining (IHC).Sanger sequencing was used to detect CD79B Y196 and MyD88 L265 mutation in these cases.The relationship between CD79B,MyD88 mutation and the clinicopathological features was analyzed.Results Immunophenotypically,15 cases were non germinal center B cell type.CD79B (Y196) mutation was detected in 4 cases (26.7％).For MyD88,L265 mutation was found in 7 cases (46.7％).CD79B and MyD88 mutations were found in 3 cases.The followup information was obtained in 8 patients.No association was found between CD79B,MyD88 mutation and outcome of patients.Conclusion Primary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma of non germinal center B cell type is a rare aggressive B cell lymphoma with poor prognosis and poor response to chemotherapy.CD79B,MyD88 gene mnutation was detected in Chinese patients with frequency of 26.7％ and 46.7％ respectively.It is possible for molecular targeted therapy of the primary testicular diffuse large B cell lymphoma on the basis of high frequency of CD79B and MyD88 gene mutation.

Objective To explore the therapeutic effect of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG)on children with epilepsy and its mechanism to provide evidence for clinical application of IVIG into the management of children with epilepsy.Methods We retrospectively reviewed the data of 98 children with childhood-onset epilepsy treated with IVIG.Sixty-six health children were chosen as control group.The efficacy,tolerability,safety and serum immunological parameters of these patients were mainly evaluated and the serum immunologicla parameters,including T-1ymphocyte subsets and serum immunoglobulin,were detected by flow cytometry and immunoturbidimetry,respectively.Results The total effective rotes were 78.57%.Partial seizures-free rate(77.27%)and generalized seizures-free rate(79.63%)were not statistically different(P>0.05).The effective rate of symptomatic epilepsy (88.23%)and that of idiopathic epilepsy(68.09%)were significantly different(P<0.05).No significant difference of effective rates was found among the patients with new onset epilepsy having IVIG as first-line treatment(89.29%),the patients with monotherapy of MG after withdrawing AEDs(69.23%)and the patients with IVIG adjunct to other AEDs(75.43%,P>0.05).Thirty-one out of 45 patients with abnormal MRI on the brain showed improvement 6 months after treatment with IVIG.Thirteen patients had drug reactions,but could be tolerable for all these patients.Compared with the control group,epileptic groups showed significantly increased expressions of CD19~+B and CD20~+B cells and significantly decreased CD3~+CD4~+T cells.After the treatment with IVIG,epileptic groups showed significantly decreased expressions of CD19~+B and CD20~+B cells and significantly increased CD3~+CD4~+T cells as compared with the epileptic groups before the treatment.Three weeks and six months after the IVIG treatments,the level of serum IgG in the epileptic groups was significantly elevated as compared with that before treatment.Conclusion IVIG treatment,decreasing the expressions of CD19~+B and CD20~+B,is effective in treating patients with symptomatic epilepsy following immune disorders.

OBJECTIVETo examine the recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai.

METHODData from the population-based Shanghai Cancer Registry and related retrospective survey were used to analyze the patterns of incidence and trends of malignant solid tumors diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in children aged 0-14 years. The distributions of incidences were described according to gender, age and cancer types which were classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). Annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) were adjusted by the world standard population. Approximate confidence intervals for standardized rate ratios (SRR) based Poisson distribution test-based methods were used to assess changes in incidence over the period 2002 - 2006 and 2007 - 2010.

RESULT(1)A total of 868 cases of childhood malignant solid tumors were diagnosed in Shanghai during 2002 - 2010, accounting for 65.8% of all childhood cancers. The ASR of 2002 - 2010 was 80.2 per million for all solid tumors. (2) The ASR was higher in boys (86.3 per million) than in girls (73.8 per million) with SRR 1.2 (95%CI 1.0 - 1.3). Incidence rate was the highest in the first five years of life with 93.4 per million. The age-specific incidence rates in 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 age groups were 65.2 and 79.3 per million, respectively. (3) CNS tumors, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas were the top 5 most common solid tumors in children, with the incidence rate of 23.8, 11.0, 7.8, 7.7 and 6.8 per million, respectively. The patterns of subgroups varied in different age groups. Blastomas, such as neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, were more common in the children aged 0 - 4 years, whereas epithelial carcinomas and bone tumors developed more frequently in elder children aged 10 - 14 years. (4) Compared with the ASR in 2002 - 2006, the ASR for both genders in 2007 - 2010 had no substantial changes (78.7 per million in 2002 - 2006 and 82.9 per million in 2007 - 2010). However, among boys, the incidence rate in 2007 - 2010 was significantly higher than that in 2002 - 2006 with SRR 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0 - 1.4). For specific subgroups of cancer, there were no substantial changes. Some cautions should be taken when interpreting results involving a small number of cases per year and those with wide 95% confidence intervals.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of pediatric malignant solid tumors among males was higher than females during 2002 - 2010, and it differed among different age groups with the highest in the first five years of life. CNS tumor was the most common type of solid tumors in children. This was a unique characteristics comparing with adult reflected in disease spectrum and age of onset. The patterns of incidence and its trends for childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai could provide a basis for etiologic research and preventive interventions. The findings also suggest an urgent need for longer population-based surveillance to verify the pattern and changing trends.

Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Germinoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors ; Urban Population