Electromagnetic fields can regulate the fundamental biological processes involved in bone remodeling. As a non-invasive physical therapy, electromagnetic fields with specific parameters have demonstrated therapeutic effects on bone remodeling diseases, such as fractures and osteoporosis. Electromagnetic fields can be generated by the movement of charged particles or induced by varying currents. Based on whether the strength and direction of the electric field change over time, electromagnetic fields can be classified into static and time-varying fields. The treatment of bone remodeling diseases with static magnetic fields primarily focuses on fractures, often using magnetic splints to immobilize the fracture site while studying the effects of static magnetic fields on bone healing. However, there has been relatively little research on the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis using static magnetic fields. Pulsed electromagnetic fields, a type of time-varying field, have been widely used in clinical studies for treating fractures, osteoporosis, and non-union. However, current clinical applications are limited to low-frequency, and research on the relationship between frequency and biological effects remains insufficient. We believe that different types of electromagnetic fields acting on bone can induce various “secondary physical quantities”, such as magnetism, force, electricity, acoustics, and thermal energy, which can stimulate bone cells either individually or simultaneously. Bone cells possess specific electromagnetic properties, and in a static magnetic field, the presence of a magnetic field gradient can exert a certain magnetism on the bone tissue, leading to observable effects. In a time-varying magnetic field, the charged particles within the bone experience varying Lorentz forces, causing vibrations and generating acoustic effects. Additionally, as the frequency of the time-varying field increases, induced currents or potentials can be generated within the bone, leading to electrical effects. When the frequency and power exceed a certain threshold, electromagnetic energy can be converted into thermal energy, producing thermal effects. In summary, external electromagnetic fields with different characteristics can generate multiple physical quantities within biological tissues, such as magnetic, electric, mechanical, acoustic, and thermal effects. These physical quantities may also interact and couple with each other, stimulating the biological tissues in a combined or composite manner, thereby producing biological effects. This understanding is key to elucidating the electromagnetic mechanisms of how electromagnetic fields influence biological tissues. In the study of electromagnetic fields for bone remodeling diseases, attention should be paid to the biological effects of bone remodeling under different electromagnetic wave characteristics. This includes exploring innovative electromagnetic source technologies applicable to bone remodeling, identifying safe and effective electromagnetic field parameters, and combining basic research with technological invention to develop scientifically grounded, advanced key technologies for innovative electromagnetic treatment devices targeting bone remodeling diseases. In conclusion, electromagnetic fields and multiple physical factors have the potential to prevent and treat bone remodeling diseases, and have significant application prospects.

As an important part of Chinese traditional culture， the processing technology of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） carries the wisdom of TCM for thousands of years， and its process is complex and rigorous. With the popularization of modern production technology， traditional processing techiques are facing the dual pressures from technological innovation and production standardization under the perspective of intangible cultural heritage. The modernization of TCM processing technology is an inevitable trend for industrial upgrading， but it cannot be separated from the foundation of traditional skills and ignore the core concepts and cultural values it embodies. Therefore， by analyzing the core characteristics of TCM processing technology and its differences with modern production， this paper discusses the establishment of a synergistic innovation mechanism between traditional techniques and modern technologies， the promotion of joint research and development between scientific research institutes and the industry， the strengthening of standardization of processing techniques， and the enhancement of social education and industry training to improve the recognition and inheritance of processing techniques in order to achieve the goal of innovation and protection of TCM processing technologies in the context of modernization， and to promote the high-quality development of the TCM processing industry.

Objective To analyze the evaluation and influencing factors of healthy enterprises in Hubei Province from 2020 to 2023. Methods A total of 351 enterprises participated in the healthy enterprise evaluation in Hubei province were selected as the study subjects using the judgmental sampling method. The differences in evaluation results including scales, industry sector, and ownership type of the enterprises were compared. Results The median and the 25th and 75th percentiles [M (P₂₅, P₇₅)] of the evaluation score among the 351 enterprises was 869 (838, 941) points. The evaluation pass rate was 82.3%. The M(P₂₅, P₇₅) of scores for the management system, health environment, health management and services, health culture, and health outcome review were 183 (174, 192), 190 (181, 198), 340 (321, 376), 133 (122, 142), and 26 (24, 28) points, with the score percentage of 91.5%, 86.4%, 85.0%, 88.7%, and 86.7%, respectively. The deduction rate exceeded 50.0% in six items, which predominantly concentrated within the primary indicator of the health management and services, among the tertiary indicators. The result of multiple linear regression analysis revealed that smaller enterprises had significantly lower evaluation scores (P<0.05), and domestically funded enterprises scored significantly lower than those with investment from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, or foreign investments (all P<0.05). Conclusion Health management and services represent a weak area in healthy enterprise development in Hubei Province. It was suggested to improve policy incentives and support for medium-, small- and micro-sized enterprises, and domestically funded enterprises, to enhance healthy enterprise development levels.

Numerous research conducted in recent years has revealed that gut microbial dysbiosis, such as modifications in composition and activity, might influence lung tissue homeostasis through specific pathways, thereby promoting susceptibility to lung diseases. The development and progression of lung cancer, as well as the effectiveness of immunotherapy are closely associated with gut flora and metabolites, which influence immunological and inflammatory responses. During abnormal proliferation, non-small cell lung cancer cells acquire more substances and energy by altering their own metabolic pathways. Glucose and amino acid metabolism reprogramming provide tumor cells with abundant ATP, carbon, and nitrogen sources, respectively, providing optimal conditions for tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and immune escape. This article reviews the relationship of immune response with gut flora and metabolic reprogramming in non-small cell lung cancer, and discusses the potential mechanisms by which gut flora and metabolic reprogramming affect the occurrence, development, and immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer, in order to provide new ideas for precision treatment of lung cancer patients.
Humans ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome/immunology* ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/therapy* ; Lung Neoplasms/therapy* ; Immunotherapy ; Metabolic Reprogramming

Objective:To summarize the clinical characteristics and surgical outcomes of endolymphatic sac tumor（ELST）, and improve the experience of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients with ELST who underwent surgical treatment by the Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2015 to December 2024.The clinical and image features, perioperative management, surgical methods and follow-up results of the disease were summarized. Results:Of the 6 cases, 4 were male and 2 were female. The primary clinical characteristics were hearing loss（6 cases）, tinnitus（5 cases）, dizziness（2 cases）, facial paralysis（1 case）, and headache（1 case）. CT and MRI of temporal bone were performed in all cases. The manifestation of CT was a space occupying lesion centered on the region of endolymphatic sac, accompanied by bone destruction and intertumoral calcification. MRI showed tumor center isosignal and peripheral hypersignal in T1 and T2 sequences in 3 cases, and mixed hypersignal in T1 and T2 sequences in 3 cases. Enhancement was observed in all cases on the enhanced scan. 5 cases underwent DSA examination and showed the tumors were supplied by the occipital artery（2 cases）, posterior auricular artery（4 cases）, and the bunch of internal carotid artery（1 case）. Embolization of the feeding artery was performed in 3 patients. Five patients underwent tumor resection. Translabyrinthine approach were performed in 4 cases, and middle cranial fossa approach was performed in 1 case. All cases followed up for 24 to 70 months with no distant metastases or death. Two patients experienced twice recurrences and were treated with surgical operation. The tumors were found to be closely related to the internal auditory canal or dura during the surgery. Conclusion:The clinical manifestations of ELST are not typical, and hearing loss is the most common clinical symptom. CT and MRI exhibit typical imaging characteristics. ELST has a risk of recurrence, and the tumor should be carefully managed when invade to the internal auditory canal and dura to reduce postoperative recurrence.
Humans ; Endolymphatic Sac/surgery* ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Ear Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Treatment Outcome

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the gastrointestinal tract, which increases the incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC). In the pathophysiology of IBD, ubiquitination/deubiquitination plays a critical regulatory function. Josephin domain containing 2 (JOSD2), a deubiquitinating enzyme, controls cell proliferation and carcinogenesis. However, its role in IBD remains unknown. Colitis mice model developed by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) or colon tissues from individuals with ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease showed a significant upregulation of JOSD2 expression in the macrophages. JOSD2 deficiency exacerbated the phenotypes of DSS-induced colitis by enhancing colon inflammation. DSS-challenged mice with myeloid-specific JOSD2 deletion developed severe colitis after bone marrow transplantation. Mechanistically, JOSD2 binds to the C-terminal of inosine-5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase 2 (IMPDH2) and preferentially cleaves K63-linked polyubiquitin chains at the K134 site, suppressing IMPDH2 activity and preventing activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) and inflammation in macrophages. It was also shown that JOSD2 knockout significantly exacerbated increased azoxymethane (AOM)/DSS-induced CRC, and AAV6-mediated JOSD2 overexpression in macrophages prevented the development of colitis in mice. These outcomes reveal a novel role for JOSD2 in colitis through deubiquitinating IMPDH2, suggesting that targeting JOSD2 is a potential strategy for treating IBD.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and burden of headache disorders in China and its provinces from 1990 to 2021. METHODS: Using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2021, the number of prevalent cases, prevalence rate, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and age-standardized DALY rates were analyzed by sex, age group, and province for headache disorders and their subtypes (migraine and tension-type headache [TTH]) between 1990 and 2021. Percentage changes during this period were also estimated. RESULTS: In 2021, approximately 426 million individuals in China were affected by headache disorders, with an age-standardized prevalence rate of 27,582.61/100,000. The age-standardized DALY rate for all headache disorders was 487.15/100,000. Between 1990 and 2021, the number of prevalent cases increased by 37.78%, while the prevalence of all headache disorders, migraine, and TTH increased by 6.92%, 7.57%, and 7.86%, respectively. The highest prevalence was observed in the 30-34 age group (39,520.60/100,000). Migraine accounted for a larger proportion of DALYs attributable to headache disorders, whereas TTH has a greater impact on its prevalence. In 2021, the highest age-standardized DALY rates for headache disorders were observed in Heilongjiang (617.85/100,000) and Shanghai (542.86/100,000). CONCLUSION The prevalence of headache disorders is increasing in China. Effective health education, improve diagnosis and treatment are essential, particularly for middle-aged working populations and women of childbearing age.
Humans ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Young Adult ; Adolescent ; Aged ; Child ; Headache Disorders/epidemiology* ; Disability-Adjusted Life Years ; Child, Preschool ; Cost of Illness ; Infant ; Aged, 80 and over

In order to explore the medical and social problems related to postoperative lymphedema in breast cancer patients, improve the compliance of rehabilitation treatment and help patients return to society. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate 76 patients who met the criteria of lymphedema after breast cancer and refused or failed to adhere to rehabilitation threapy. According to the relevant measurement scale theory and method, the computer-aided software was used to analyze the data to find out the problem and analyze the cause. The prominent problems of poor compliance in patients with breast cancer after operation were successively: subjective factors, objective factors, family social and ethical factors, multidisciplinary factors, hospital management and policy issues. For the above ethical problems, we should adopt positive coping strategies to increase the compliance of patients and improve their quality of life.

Objective:To compare the clinical safety and the efficacy of the transurethral plasmakinetic bipolar enucleation of the prostate and diode laser enucleation of the prostate in day surgery patients.Methods:The clinical data of 99 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) who underwent day surgery in Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University from August 2019 to August 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 47 cases underwent transurethral plasmakinetic bipolar enucleation of the prostate (bipolar group), and 52 cases were treated with diode laser enucleation of the prostate (diode laser group). There were no significant differences in age [57.0(56.0, 61.0)years old vs. 59.0(57.0, 62.0)years old], prostate volume[(60.0±8.2)ml vs. (57.4±9.4)ml], preoperative total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) [(1.8±0.9) ng/ml and (2.2±0.9) ng/ml], postvoid residual (PVR) [20.0(0, 40.0)ml vs. 20.0(1.3, 41.5)ml], maximum flow rate (Q max) [(9.4±2.6) ml/s vs. (9.6±1.9) ml/s], International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) [19.0(16.0, 21.0) vs. 19.0(18.0, 21.0)], quality of life (QOL) [5.0(4.0, 5.0)vs. 5.0(4.0, 5.0)] and International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) [(18.8±1.0) vs. (19.2±0.9)] score between the bipolar group and diode laser group (all P>0.05). The indexes of operation time, postoperative hemoglobin decline, blood sodium decline, bladder irrigation time, catheter indwelling time, Q max, IPSS, QOL, IIEF-5 score and so on were compared between the two groups. Results:All day surgeries were successfully completed without serious complications. The operation time of the bipolar group was less than that of the diode laser group [(57.3 ± 4.2) vs. (64.4 ± 6.3) min, P<0.001], and no statistically significant difference was found in the postoperative hemoglobin decline between the two groups [(9.8 ± 4.3) g/L vs. (8.5 ± 4.3) g/L, P=0.154]. None of the patients received transfusion treatment, and neither group of patients had severe hematuria or needed to be readmitted to hospital. There was no significant difference in the decrease of blood sodium [1.7 (1.3, 2.0) mmol/L vs. 1.7 (1.5, 1.9) mmol/L] and the postoperative bladder irrigation time [(7.7 ± 1.4)h vs. (8.0 ± 1.6)h] between the bipolar and diode laser groups ( P > 0.05). There were 8 patients in the bipolar group and 7 patients in the diode laser group who retained urinary catheter for 48-60 h due to intraoperative inflammatory changes in the prostate, and the remaining patients had their urinary catheter removed within 24 hours. The Q max of the bipolar group and the diode laser group one month after surgery were (20.4 ± 1.8) and (21.1 ± 1.7) ml/s, IPSS scores were 7.0 (7.0, 8.0) and 7.0 (7.0, 8.0), and QOL scores were 3.0 (3.0, 3.0) and 3.0 (2.0, 3.0), respectively. There were no significant differences in Q max, IPSS and QOL between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions:Transurethral plasmakinetic bipolar enucleation of the prostate is also feasible for day surgery, and the short-term postoperative Q max, IPSS, hemoglobin reduction and other indicators have no significant difference compared with diode laser enucleation of the prostate, and can achieve the same efficacy and safety as diode laser enucleation of prostate.

Objective To overcome the limitations of existing human respiratory syncytial virus(hRSV)animal models,such as semi-permissiveness and short duration of infection,this study established an IL2rg gene knockout(IL2rg-/-)rat model using TALEN gene editing technology.Methods The animal model was infected with hRSV intranasally.Clinical characteristics,body weight,and temperature changes were observed over the infection period(0～35 days).The total viral loads in respiratory organs,such as the nasal tissue,trachea,and lungs,were measured at various time points(4,11,20,and 35 days post-infection).Pathological analysis was conducted on target organs at the endpoint of observation(35 days post-infection).Changes in peripheral blood T,B,NK,and NKT cells and various cytokines were assessed at various time points(4,20,and 35 days post-infection).Results(1)IL2rg/-knockout rats sustained high viral loads in the nasal cavity upon intranasal inoculation with hRSV.The average peak titer rapidly reached 1 × 1010 copies/g in nasal tissue and 1 × 107 copies/g up to 5 weeks post-infection.(2)However,no significant pathological changes were noted in nasal,tracheal,or lung tissues.(3)An increase was observed in the content of peripheral blood B cells in hRSV-infected IL2rg--rats.(4)IL-6 and MCP-1 were increased in the early stage of infection and then decreased at the end of the observation period.Conclusions This study established a new IL2rg-/-rat model using TALEN technology and found that this model effectively supported high-level replication and long-term infection of hRSV,providing a good basis for antiviral drug screening and in vivo efficacy evaluation of anti-hRSV antibodies.