Aim To explore the effect of genetic poly-morphisms of POR on the stable warfarin maintenance doses in Han Chinese patients receiving mechanical heart valve replacement. Methods The association between POR gene polymorphisms and warfarin doses of 185 Han Chinese patients were investigated through ANOVA or t test. SNPs of POR and VKORC1 were de-tected by Sequenom? DNA MassArray genotyping method. CYP2C9*3 was genotyped by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method ( PCR-RFLP ) . Patients ’ clinical characteris-tics, INR value and daily dose were obtained from their medical records. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 21. 0 software. Results No mutant carriers of POR rs17148944 , POR rs56256515 and rs72553971 were found in this study. The genotype frequencies of other SNPs were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg e-quilibrium. In the group of patients with CYP2C9*1*1 , the mutant type carriers ( T carriers ) of POR rs17685 had a significantly higher dose than CC carri-ers(3. 50 ± 1. 07) mg·d-1 vs (3. 14 ± 0. 94) mg· d-1,P =0. 03. Also, in the group of patients with CYP2 C9*1*1 and VKORC1 rs9934438 G allele carri-ers, the mutant type carriers ( T carriers ) of POR rs17685 had a significantly higher dose than CC carri-ers(4. 76 ± 0. 90) mg·d-1 vs (4. 08 ± 1. 03) mg· d-1 ,P=0. 04. No significant difference was found in different genotypes of POR rs2868177 . Conclusion These results illustrate that POR rs17685 T carrier is closely associated with a higher warfarin maintenance dose, suggesting that this SNP is useful for clinical guidance of warfarin.

Objective To estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of breast cancer in China,in 2008.Methods Data from 36 cancer registries and the Third National Death Survey in China (2004-2005) were used to estimate the incidence,mortality and 5-year prevalence of breast cancer in China in 2008.Mathematical models were used to predict the breast cancer incidence and mortality in the next 20 years.Results In 2008,the incidence of breast cancer was 169 452 (14.2％) with the incidence rate of 21.6/100 000,ranking the second among all the cancers.Deaths due to breast cancer was 44 908 (6.1％) with mortality as 5.7/100 000,which ranked the sixth among all the cancers.The 5-year prevalence rate of breast cancer in China was 120.8/100 000,taking up the proportion as 26.1％,ranking the first among all the cancers.Breast cancer was seen more frequently among people aged between 40 to 70.Our data on prediction showed that the incidence and mortality of breast cancer in China would gradually increase in the next 20 years.Conclusion Breast cancer was the second cause of incidence rates among all the cancers in China,with both increasing incidence and mortality.Population at most risk for breast cancer were those aged 40 to 70,who deserved special programs for prevention and control.

Objective To investigate the glucose metabolic pattern of brain functional loop in patients with refractory obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) using 18 F-FDG PET.Methods Eight patients with refractory OCD and 8 age- and gender-matched healthy volunteers underwent 18F-FDG PET brain imaging.SPM software was used for image post-processing and quantitative analysis.Correlation analysis between 18F-FDG uptake and Yale-Brown obsessive compulsive scale(Y-BOCS) score was performed.Results Compared with the controls,the glucose metabolism of bilateral frontal cortices ( including the rectal gyrus,orbital gyrus and cingulate gyrus),left thalamus,right temporal lobe and bilateral cerebellum in refractory OCD patients increased significantly ( Zmax =3.45 - 5.80,all P ＜ 0.001 ).Bilateral motor cortices and bilateral parietal lobes (BA7),however,showed decreased glucose metabolism (Zmax =3.44 - 4.46,all P ＜0.001 ).Y-BOCS score was positively correlated with the glucose metabolism of the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (Zmax =3.77,3.48 and 2.97,all P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions There is a characteristic metabolic pattern of increased glucose utilization in the fronto-striato-thalamic loop and decreased glucose utilization in bilateral motor cortices and parietal lobes in patients with OCD.The glucose metabolism in the anterior cingulate cortex might serve as a quantitative parameter for the assessment of the severity of OCD.

Objective To establish an automatic synthesis method for 11C-carfentanil (CFN) as an novel opiate receptor radioligand and study its biodistribution in rats. Methods 11C-Triflate-CH3 was bubbled into 0.5 mg precursor desmethyl-CFN (which was dissolved in 0.15 ml DMSO) to generate 11C-CFN in a V-tube at room temperature. Sep-Pak C2 column was used for purification of 11C-CFN, which was eluted by 3ml binary system aqueous solution, 10 ml water thrice, and then I ml ethanol. The biodistribution (% ID/g) of 11C-CFN in SD rats was studied. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Non-normal distribution data were analyzed using nonparametric test. Results The synthesis time for 11C-CFN was 20 min (end of bombardment, EOB). The synthesis yield was (35.5 ± 2.2) % on average (n = 12, uncorrected)with the radiochemical purity over 98%. Biodistribution study in rats showed that the tracer had a high brain uptake, rapid blood clearance, and a metabolic pathway via liver and kidney. The highest tracer uptake was in thalamus (4.26 ± 0.89) % ID/g and striatum (4.05 ± 1.08) % ID/g at 5 min after injection, followed by cerebral cortex (2.63±0.89) %ID/g, pons (2.26 ±0.57) % ID/g, hippocampus (2. 17 ±0.55) %ID/g and cerebellum (2. 15 ±0.39) %ID/g. Conclusions The automatic synthesis of 11C-CFN is fast and reliable, and this radioligand can be used for opiate receptor imaging.

OBJECTIVETo study the influence of the audio-visual block (AB) on the brain glucose metabolism of idiopathic tinnitus patients.

METHODSThe brain positron emission tomography (PET) test was performed on one chronic idiopathic tinnitus patient under audio-visual block and non-block (NB) conditions respectively. The visual analysis and statistical parameter mapping (SPM) analysis were both used to detect the brain glucose metabolism difference under AB and NB conditions.

RESULTSUnder NB conditions, significant hyperactivity was detected at auditory and visual cortex on both sides of the brain. However, this phenomenon was not shown under AB conditions. Instead, a hyperactivity of brain was presented in the left Wernicke's area.

CONCLUSIONSThe generation of chronic idiopathic tinnitus probably has no relationship with the auditory cortex abnormity. Wernicke's area might be involved in the central perception of tinnitus.

Adult ; Auditory Cortex ; metabolism ; Brain ; metabolism ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tinnitus ; diagnostic imaging ; metabolism

Animals ; Carbon Tetrachloride ; H(+)-K(+)-Exchanging ATPase ; metabolism ; Liver ; metabolism ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Cedemex on cAMP and cGMP contents in different brain regions in morphine withdrawal rats precipitated by naloxone.

METHODA physical morphine dependent model of rats was established by subcutaneous injection of morphine in gradually increasing dosage within 7 days. cAMP and cGMP contents of VTA, cortex and hippocampus of the rat brains were determined by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTThe morphine withdrawal symptoms of rats were relieved significantly by ig Cedemex. Compared with the controls, cAMP content in the region of VTA, cortex and hippocampus of the morphine dependent rats were significantly higher (P < 0.05), while cGMP contents in those regions were significantly lower (P < 0.05). cAMP contents in the area of VTA, cortex and hippocampus of the morphine dependent rats were significantly reduced, while cGMP contents were significantly increased by ig Cedemex.

CONCLUSIONCedemex may significantly attenuate the morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats. The mechanism of this effect may be related to adjusting the contents of cAMP and cGMP in some brain regions.

Animals ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cerebral Cortex ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Cyclic AMP ; metabolism ; Cyclic GMP ; metabolism ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Rats ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the regulation of anoikis by tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB) in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma lines. METHODS; Expression levels of TrkB and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were evaluated by RT-PCR and Western blot. Colony formation ability of C666-1 was observed in soft agar. Proliferation rate and apoptosis, that change in cells by treating the TrkB inhibitor K252a and specificity ligand BDNF respectively under suspension culture, were measured by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and the flow cytometry assay. The expression change of TrkB, BDNF and phosphorylation of serine threonine kinase (p-Akt) were investigated by Western blot analysis.

RESULTSTrkB and BDNF were identified in C666-1 cells. C666-1 cells could be decreased the proliferation of colony in soft agar by effect of K252a, but BDNF could make the colony prolific. K252a can inhibit the expression of TrkB in C666-1, and prevent p-Akt activation. And exogenous BDNF stimulated up-regulation TrkB and p-Akt, induced anoikis resistance.

CONCLUSIONTrkB inhibits anoikis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Inhibiton of TrkB by K252a can induce anoikis, and may prove particularly effective in treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Anoikis ; Carcinoma ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Humans ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Receptor, trkB ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo examine the recent incidences and trends of childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai.

METHODData from the population-based Shanghai Cancer Registry and related retrospective survey were used to analyze the patterns of incidence and trends of malignant solid tumors diagnosed between 2002 and 2010 in children aged 0-14 years. The distributions of incidences were described according to gender, age and cancer types which were classified according to International Classification of Childhood Cancer (ICCC). Annual age-standardized rates (ASRs) were adjusted by the world standard population. Approximate confidence intervals for standardized rate ratios (SRR) based Poisson distribution test-based methods were used to assess changes in incidence over the period 2002 - 2006 and 2007 - 2010.

RESULT(1)A total of 868 cases of childhood malignant solid tumors were diagnosed in Shanghai during 2002 - 2010, accounting for 65.8% of all childhood cancers. The ASR of 2002 - 2010 was 80.2 per million for all solid tumors. (2) The ASR was higher in boys (86.3 per million) than in girls (73.8 per million) with SRR 1.2 (95%CI 1.0 - 1.3). Incidence rate was the highest in the first five years of life with 93.4 per million. The age-specific incidence rates in 5 - 9 and 10 - 14 age groups were 65.2 and 79.3 per million, respectively. (3) CNS tumors, lymphomas, germ cell tumors, neuroblastoma, and soft tissue sarcomas were the top 5 most common solid tumors in children, with the incidence rate of 23.8, 11.0, 7.8, 7.7 and 6.8 per million, respectively. The patterns of subgroups varied in different age groups. Blastomas, such as neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, were more common in the children aged 0 - 4 years, whereas epithelial carcinomas and bone tumors developed more frequently in elder children aged 10 - 14 years. (4) Compared with the ASR in 2002 - 2006, the ASR for both genders in 2007 - 2010 had no substantial changes (78.7 per million in 2002 - 2006 and 82.9 per million in 2007 - 2010). However, among boys, the incidence rate in 2007 - 2010 was significantly higher than that in 2002 - 2006 with SRR 1.2 (95%CI: 1.0 - 1.4). For specific subgroups of cancer, there were no substantial changes. Some cautions should be taken when interpreting results involving a small number of cases per year and those with wide 95% confidence intervals.

CONCLUSIONThe incidence rate of pediatric malignant solid tumors among males was higher than females during 2002 - 2010, and it differed among different age groups with the highest in the first five years of life. CNS tumor was the most common type of solid tumors in children. This was a unique characteristics comparing with adult reflected in disease spectrum and age of onset. The patterns of incidence and its trends for childhood malignant solid tumors in Shanghai could provide a basis for etiologic research and preventive interventions. The findings also suggest an urgent need for longer population-based surveillance to verify the pattern and changing trends.

Adolescent ; Age Distribution ; Central Nervous System Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Germinoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Lymphoma ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Neoplasms ; classification ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Registries ; Risk Factors ; Sex Distribution ; Time Factors ; Urban Population

The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of calcium ionophore (CI ) to induce the differentiation of CML cells into dendritic cells (DC), to analyze the P210 expression in DCs and to evaluate the stimulatory effect of CML-DC on production of cytotoxic activity against CML cells via activating the autologous T cells. The mononuclear cells were isolated from bone marrow of CML patients whose WBC counts were more than 30x10(9)/L when samples were collected, then the lymphocytes and monocytes were discarded by pouring out supernatant twice at different culture time point. Slightly adherent cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS, with or without CI (375 ng/ml) and GM-CSF (200 ng/ml) at 37 degrees C, 5% CO2, fully humidified atmosphere for 96 hours. The cell morphology was observed under the inverted microscope and electron microscope; the expression of CD antigens was analyzed with flow cytometry; the P210 expression was measured with Western blot. LDH assay was used to evaluate the effect of cultured CML cells (CML-DC) generating cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity against CML cells. The results indicated that after treatment with calcium ionophore and GM-CSF for 96 hours, CML cells showed DC morphological characteristics under inverted microscope and electron microscope. The expression of CD83, CD86, CD40, CD80 and HLA-DR increased remarkably. P210 was expressed in the CML-DC, but the expression level was lower than that in CML cells without CI and GM-CSF treatment. LDH assay showed that the CTL activity against CML was found greater in autologous T cells activated by CML-DC than that by CML cells. It is concluded that the CML cells can be induced to quickly differentiate into DC when cultured with CI and GM-CSF. CML-DC expresses P210, but the expression level is lower than that in CML cells. CML-DC can stimulate autologous T cells to produce CTL against CML.
Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Bone Marrow Cells ; cytology ; Calcium ; pharmacology ; Cell Differentiation ; Dendritic Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Ionophores ; pharmacology ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive ; pathology ; Male ; Monocytes ; cytology ; Tumor Cells, Cultured