piRNA(Piwi-interacting RNA) is a novel class of small single strand RNA that were recently isolated from testes of the mammals, associate with PIWI proteins, and are organized into distinct genomic clusters. These RNAs are typically 30 nt long, strikingly different from microRNAs in their length, expression pattern, and genomic organization. piRNA has a role in RNA silencing via the formation of an RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC) with Piwi proteins, these piRNA complexes (piRCs) have been linked to transcriptional gene silencing of retrotransposons and other genetic elements in germ line cells, particularly those in spermatogenesis.Recent researches and progresses of piRNAs are reviewed.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical therapeutic effect and side effect of pressure-control ventilation (PCV) on traumatic acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) compared with volume-control ventilation (VCV).

METHODSForty patients with traumatic ARDS were hospitalized in our department from June 1996 to December 2002. Twenty were treated with PCV (PCV group) and 20 with VCV (VCV group). The changes of the peak inflating pressure and the mean pressure of the airway were observed at the very beginning of the mechanical ventilation and the following 12 and 24 hours, respectively. The transcutaneous saturation of oxygen pressure, the pressure of oxygen in artery, the mean blood pressure, the central venous pressure, the heart rate and the incidence of the pressure injury were also monitored before ventilation and 12 hours after ventilation.

RESULTSThe pressure of oxygen in artery, the transcutaneous saturation of oxygen pressure, the heart rate and the respiratory rate in the PCV group were obviously improved after ventilation treatment. The peak inflating pressure, the mean pressure of the airway and the central venous pressure in the PCV group were lower than in the VCV group. The incidence of pressure injury was 0 in the PCV group while 10% in the VCV group.

CONCLUSIONSThe clinical effect of PCV on traumatic ARDS is better and the incidence rate of pressure injury is lower than that of VCV. PCV has minimal effects on the hemodynamics.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Respiration, Artificial ; methods ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult ; etiology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Objective To evaluate the trust level of nurse-patient relationship and analyze its influencing factors.Methods Trust level of nurse-patient relationship scale was used to investigate 136 inpatients.The factors influencing trust level of nurse-patient relationship was analyzed.Results Of the 136 inpatients,the scores of the five dimensions of trust scale ( knowledge and technology trust,eonsistoncy,respect,sense of peace of mind and confidence in the future ) were:(3.62 ± 0.26),( 3.47 ± 0.32 ),( 3.59 ±0.61 ),(3.58 ± 0.73 ),( 3.35 ± 0.79 ),respectively.The item of maximum score was" After ring the hell,nurses respond quickly" (3.92 ±0.35),and the item of lowest score was "Nurses have too many commands on me,I feel uneasy and not free" (2.75 ± 0.10).Regression analysis showed that age ( t =11.940,P ＜ 0.05 ),hospitalization duration ( t =2.537,P ＜ 0.05 ) and type of payment ( t =4.362,P ＜ 0.05 ) were the major influencing factors of nurse-patient relationship in the patients' point of view.Conclusions The nurses should pay attention to the factors that affect nurse-patient relationship,and further cnhance trust level of nurse-patient relationship by improving care measures.

Objective To explore dynamic response of serum lipids and relationship with body mass index(BMI)after fat meal in obese children and adolescents. Methods The subjects were 31 obese children and adolescents (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) and 30 controls (BMI

OBJECTIVETo observe the expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and its gene polymorphism in coding region in a small range population in Zhejiang Province of China.

METHODSEighty-three cases of type 2 diabetes mellitus and 53 healthy people were included. The expression of Resistin mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by RT-PCR and semi-quantitative PCR assay. The sequencing work was done in Resistin cDNA and gene polymorphism was analyzed.

RESULTSAt the same condition, in 83 diabetes patients, Resistin mRNA was detected in 23 cases (11 males and 12 females). There was no Resistin mRNA expression in 53 healthy people. The ratio of PCR products between Resistin and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was from 0.564 to 1.238, averaging 0.804+/-0.436. The sequence of Resistin cDNA is almost identical with each other and with that in GenBank with no single nucleotide polymorphism being found.

CONCLUSIONResistin mRNA is expressed in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells in some type 2 diabetes mellitus, but its expression is at a low level. Among the experiment population we did not find polymorphism phenomenon in Resistin coding region. The different individual's Resistin coding region is highly coincident.

China ; epidemiology ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Gene Expression ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; Genetics, Population ; Humans ; Leukocytes, Mononuclear ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; genetics ; Resistin ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation between the interleukin-17 (IL-17) level of peripheral blood and aggression of bipolar mania. METHODS: Thirty-six patients of bipolar mania were selected as experimental group by DSM-IV-TR and received treatment with quetiapine and lithium. Thirty-six healthy volunteers with similar age and gender were selected as control group. The level of IL-17 at baseline in each group and the level of IL-17 in the experimental group after treatment for 2, 4 and 8 weeks were detected by ELISA. RESULTS: The level of IL-17 in experimental group at baseline, after treatment for 2 and 4 weeks were all significantly higher than that in control group. After 8 weeks treatment, there was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). After 2, 4 and 8 weeks treatment, the total score and aggression score of Young Mania Rating Score (YMRS) were significantly lower than the baseline level (P < 0.05). In experimental group, the level of IL-17 was positively correlated with the two scores of YMRS at baseline (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Bipolar mania may be related to the up-regulation of IL-17. The level of IL-17 is related to the severity of manic symptoms at baseline, especially aggression symptom.
Aggression/drug effects* ; Antipsychotic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Bipolar Disorder/drug therapy* ; Case-Control Studies ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ; Double-Blind Method ; Humans ; Interleukin-17/metabolism* ; Lithium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Quetiapine Fumarate/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo detect the levels of dipalmitoyl phosphatidyl choline (DPPC) in the sputum of the patients with acute cerebral injury without primary pulmonary injury after mechanical ventilation treatment.

METHODSDPPC levels in sputum of 35 patients with acute cerebral injury but without pulmonary injury were detected with high performance liquid chromatography at the beginning of ventilation and 16-20 days, 21-40 days, and 41-60 days after ventilation, respectively.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference of the DPPC levels between 16-20 days after ventilation (3.36+/-0.49) and at the beginning of ventilation (3.37+/-0.58) (P>0.05). The mean levels of DPPC decreased significantly at 21-40 days (2.87 mg/ml+/-0.26 mg/ml, P<0.05) and 41-60 days (1.93 mg/ml+/-0.21 mg/ml, P<0.01) after ventilation compared with that at the beginning of ventilation. At the same period, the peak inspiratory pressure and the mean pressure of airway increased significantly, whereas the static compliance and the partial pressure of oxygen in artery decreased significantly. Among the 25 patients who received ventilation for more than 20 days, 8 (32%) had slightly-decreased partial pressure of oxygen in artery compared with that at the beginning of ventilation.

CONCLUSIONSMechanical ventilation can decrease the DPPC levels, decrease the lung compliance and increase the airway pressure, even impair the oxygenation function in patients with acute cerebral injury. Abnormal DPPC is one of the major causes of ventilator-associated lung injury.

1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine ; metabolism ; Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Brain Injuries ; physiopathology ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Respiration, Artificial ; Sputum ; metabolism

Objective To discuss characteristics of height growth such as Peak Height Velocity (PHV) and Age at Peak Height Velocity (PHA) during adolescence,and to compare the results with other research findings.Methods Primary and middle school students' annual physical examination data of Zhongshan in 2005-2010 was used.The height velocity by age,PHV,PHA,height velocity by PHA were calculated.Results The average peak height velocity boys was ( 10.03 ± 1.67 ) cm/yr.and that of the girls was ( 8.39 ± 1.05 ) cm/yr.Both findings were close to the results from previous similar findings.The average age at which peak height velocity reached 12.28± 1.30 years for boys and 10.78 ± 1.04 years for girls,both lower than the previous findings.The correlation coefficients,between height level and PHA were -0.357 (P＜0.001) for boys and -0.338 (P＜0.001) for girls.Conclusion The height levels were positively related to the height velocity before PHA.The Zhongshan students' PHA was lower than the Beijing,Shanghai and Shenyang students,also lower than American and Britain students',but their PHVs were similar.

This study was aimed to detect the gene expression profile changes between human acute leukemia cell line HL-60 and VCR-resistance HL-60, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms of MDR by using genechip technology. In experiments, mRNA were harvested using TrizoL reagent from these two cell lines, through RT-PCR, the biotinylated nucleotide were incorporated into the cRNA during the in vitro transcription reaction. The high quality RNA was hybridized to the gene expression array--human genome U133A developed by Affymetrix. It was scanned by G2500A GeneArray Scanner and the acquired image was analysed by a series of softwares. The results showed that 5,507 genes were differentially expressed between human acute leukemia cell line HL-60 and VCR-resistant HL-60. Compared with HL-60, 3,100 genes were up-regulated and 2,407 genes were down-regulated in VCR-resistant cell line. These genes were involved in different cell activities such as growth regulation and signal transduction. Among the genes with remarkable differential expression between the two cell lines, 435 were up-regulated and 605 were down-regulated. It is concluded that many different kinds of genes are involved in the mechanism of MDR and there is an intricate molecular network that controls the sensitivity of leukemia cells to the chemotherapeutic agents. Genechip is an efficient tool for parallel gene expression analysis.
Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Genome, Human ; HL-60 Cells ; Humans ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Vincristine ; pharmacology

This study was purposed to investigate the effect of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) on proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes, and to evaluate the regulatory role of PGE2 on immunological balance between Th1/Th2 and Tc1/Tc2 lymphocytes. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) were stimulated by anti-human CD3 monoclonal antibody (mAb) and anti-human CD28 mAb, and were cultured in the presence of different concentration of PGE2 for 120 hours. The proliferation of peripheral blood T lymphocytes was assayed according to the manufacture protocol of BrdU Kit; the IFN-gamma and IL-4 levels in supernatants cultured for 24, 48, 72 and 120 hours were detected by ELISA; the ratios of CD4+IL-4+ T cells/CD4+ IFN-gamma+ T cells and CD8+IL-4+ T cell/CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells were determined by flow cytometry. The cells cultured without PGE2 were used as control. The results indicated that (1) with the raising of concentration of PGE2, the inhibitory rate of T cell proliferation in vitro significantly increased (p=0.001). There was significant positive correlation between inhibitory rate of T cells and PGE2 concentration (correlation coefficient=0.889, p=0.000). (2) the difference between the IFN-gamma concentrations in supernatant cultured for 120 and 72 hours in test groups had no statistical significance (p=0.917). The IFN-gamma concentration increased continually with prolonging of culture time in control group (p=0.046). The IFN-gamma concentrations produced at different times in test group were significantly lower compared with those in control group (p<0.05). The IL-4 concentrations produced at different time had no significant change in test groups (p=0.400). The IL-4 concentration in 24 hours in control group was significantly higher than that at 48, 72 and 120 hours in control group (p=0.007, 0.003 and 0.002). After cultured for 24 hours the IL-4 concentration in test group was significantly lower than that in control group (p=0.037), but after cultured for 48, 72 and 120 hours, the IL-4 concentration in test group did not show statistical difference in comparison with control group (p>0.05). (3) the proportions of CD4+IFN-gamma+T cells in test group and in control group had no significant difference (p=0.767). The proportion of CD4+IL-4+T cells in test group was slightly higher than that in control group (p=0.051). The ratio of CD4+IL-4+T cells to CD4+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group was significantly higher than that in control group (p=0.011). The proportions of CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group and in control group had no statistical difference (p=0.441). The proportion of CD8+IL-4+T cells in test group was significantly higher than that in control group (p=0.015). The ratio of CD8+IL-4+ T cells to CD8+IFN-gamma+ T cells in test group were obviously higher than that in control group(p=0.038). It is concluded that the PGE2 inhibits the proliferation of T lymphocytes in vitro. PGE2 influences the production of IFN-gamma and IL-4, and significantly influences peak appearance of IFN-gamma produced by T lymphocyte. PGE2 can continuously inhibit the production of IFN-gamma, but its continuous effect on IL-4 is no significant. PGE2 enhances the ratio of CD4+IL-4+T lymphocytes to CD4+IFN-gamma+T lymphocytes and the ratio of CD8+IL-4+T lymphocytes to CD8+IFN-gamma+T lymphocytes, and regulates development of T cells toward Th2/Tc2 cells.
Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Dinoprostone ; pharmacology ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Activation ; drug effects ; Lymphocyte Count ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th1 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology ; Th2 Cells ; drug effects ; immunology