Adult ; Biopsy ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Male ; Melanoma ; diagnosis ; pathology

Internal lenticonus is a very rare morphologic abnormality of crystalline lens which has been reported in only several cases in the literature. We herein reported the clinical characteristics and surgical findings of the anterior internal lenticonus accompanied by congenital nuclear cataract. Cataract extraction accompanied with intraocular lens implantation was uneventfully performed, and a good visual outcome was achieved in this case. Viral infection during embryonal and fetal period might account for the formation of the anterior internal lenticonus and congenital nuclear cataract in our case.
Cataract Extraction ; methods ; Humans ; Lens Diseases ; surgery ; Lens Implantation, Intraocular ; methods ; Lens, Crystalline ; abnormalities ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Visual Acuity

OBJECTIVESTo explore the effects of insulin on the expression and the regulatory pathway of AQP9 in normal human liver cells.

METHODSNormal human liver cells L02 were cultured and treated with PI3K inhibitor LY294002, AKT inhibitor A-443654, MAPK inhibitors SB2030580 and insulin at different concentrations respectively. The AQP9 mRNA and protein expressions were detected with semi-quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot respectively.

RESULTSThe insulin (100 nmol/L approximately 500 nmol/L) treatment decreased the expression of AQP9 in normal human liver cells (P less than 0.05) concentration dependently, and the expression of AQP9 began to reduce from 3 hours of insulin stimulation (P less than 0.05), especially at insulin treatment for 12 hours (P less than 0.05); Incubated with the selective inhibitor of PI3K (LY294002) and AKT (A-443654), the inhibitory effects of insulin on AQP9 expression decreased (P less than 0.05); but it did not change significantly by blocking the MAPK signaling pathway.

CONCLUSIONThe insulin treatment inhibited the expression of AQP9 and the PI3K/akt signal transduction pathway was involved in the mechanism.

Aquaporins ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Humans ; Insulin ; pharmacology ; Morpholines ; pharmacology ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; metabolism ; Signal Transduction

OBJECTIVEThe study was to reveal the vascular changes in three different supercharging flap models. From this study, we want to investigate which vessel, the artery or the vein is more important in elongating perforator flap survival and why.

METHODSTwelve rats were divided into three experimental groups. The left side flaps in all groups were pedicle using xiphoid perforator as control group. The right side flaps were supercharging experimental group. Group I, flap supercharged based on artery and vein of pubis perforator. Group II, flaps supercharged based on artery of pubis perforator. Group III, flaps supercharged based on vein of pubis perforator. Near-infrared fluorescent angiography was performed using SPY imaging system pre-and-aft operation and all angiography videos were compared and analyzed.

RESULTSShowed in angiography video of SPY, in control group and vein supercharging group, blood supply could be observed the immediately reducing, and almost be disappeared the amount of perfusion to distal area. It shows relatively constant necrosis in the distal side of control group and vein supercharging group, and the necrosis of vein supercharging group smaller than these of control group. In artery, vein supercharging group and artery supercharging group, blood perfusion could be observed separately perfusion in the upper and low area of flap. There are complete survival showed on the artery supercharging group and artery and vein supercharging group.

CONCLUSIONSThese findings indicated that congestive flap necrosis attribute to insufficiency of arterial blood. Arterial inflow was demonstrated more important for improved survival of distal flap than venous outflow.

Angiography ; Animals ; Arteries ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Surgical Flaps ; blood supply ; physiology ; Veins

Objective To establish an automatic synthesis method for 11C-carfentanil (CFN) as an novel opiate receptor radioligand and study its biodistribution in rats. Methods 11C-Triflate-CH3 was bubbled into 0.5 mg precursor desmethyl-CFN (which was dissolved in 0.15 ml DMSO) to generate 11C-CFN in a V-tube at room temperature. Sep-Pak C2 column was used for purification of 11C-CFN, which was eluted by 3ml binary system aqueous solution, 10 ml water thrice, and then I ml ethanol. The biodistribution (% ID/g) of 11C-CFN in SD rats was studied. SPSS 13.0 was used for statistical analysis. Non-normal distribution data were analyzed using nonparametric test. Results The synthesis time for 11C-CFN was 20 min (end of bombardment, EOB). The synthesis yield was (35.5 ± 2.2) % on average (n = 12, uncorrected)with the radiochemical purity over 98%. Biodistribution study in rats showed that the tracer had a high brain uptake, rapid blood clearance, and a metabolic pathway via liver and kidney. The highest tracer uptake was in thalamus (4.26 ± 0.89) % ID/g and striatum (4.05 ± 1.08) % ID/g at 5 min after injection, followed by cerebral cortex (2.63±0.89) %ID/g, pons (2.26 ±0.57) % ID/g, hippocampus (2. 17 ±0.55) %ID/g and cerebellum (2. 15 ±0.39) %ID/g. Conclusions The automatic synthesis of 11C-CFN is fast and reliable, and this radioligand can be used for opiate receptor imaging.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of absent ductular reaction (DR) at hepatocellular-stromal boundaries in early stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with cirrhosis in patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSCytokeratin (CK)7 and CK19 expression was detected by the SP immunohistochemistry method in 112 hepatic nodules taken from 20 cases of early HCC, 26 cases of HCC with nodules more than 3 cm, 20 cases of high-grade dysplastic nodule (HGDN), 26 cases of low-grade dysplastic nodule (LGDN), and 20 cases of cirrhosis (CIR). DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were assessed separately on a semi-quantitative scale and statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe mean age of the patients in the study was 53.71 years-old, and the study population consisted of 73 males and 39 females. The follow-up time ranged from 3 to 90 months. Positive CK7 and CK19 staining was detected in the cytoplasm of DR-positive hepatobiliary cells, interlobular bile duct, and a portion of hepatic cells. All of the DR/CK7- and DR/CK19-positive cells were localized around the non-invasive nodules. Specimens with focal or diffuse DR/CK7- and DR/CK19-loss had more robust stromal invasion. Specimens from early HCC cases showed greater DR/CK19 loss than specimens from HGDN cases, LGDN cases and CIR cases (all P less than 0.01). DR/CK7 loss of early HCC was less than HCC with nodules more than 3 cm (P less than 0.05), and more than LGDN cases and CIR cases (both P less than 0.01).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of DR/CK7 was very similar to that of DR/CK19 (P more than 0.05). Pearson's correlation analysis indicated that DR/CK7 and DR/CK19 were positively correlated with tumor-free time (P less than 0.01) and negatively correlated with early recurrence time as well as death rate (both P less than 0.01). Furthermore, cases showing DR/CK7 or DR/CK19 loss had lower overall survival rate and tumor-free survival rate (P less than 0.01) and higher early recurrence rate (P less than 0.01).

CONCLUSIONDR/CK7 and DR/CK19 immunostaining may help to distinguish non-invasive HGDNs from both minimally-invasive and overtly-invasive HCCs by identifying small foci of invasion and predicting increased risk of invasiveness.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Bile Ducts, Intrahepatic ; pathology ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Early Diagnosis ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; pathology ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Keratin-19 ; metabolism ; Keratin-7 ; metabolism ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; pathology ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVELiteratures on the development and function of prepuce was reviewed. To compare the merit and demerit of treatment for redundant prepuce by conventional circumcision or by removing the root skin of the penis. To investigate the ideal method and time of treatment for redundant prepuce.

METHODSThe extended length of the penis and the extended skin of penis were carefully measured and the excess skin at the root of the penis was removed from the surface of Colle's fascia. Then the remaining distal skin was drew back to suture to the root of the penis. As for the cases complicated with stenosis of prepuce, longitudinal incision was performed along the constricted area to release stenosis, followed by transverse closure of the wound.

RESULTS110 adult cases of simple redundant prepuce and 40 cases complicated with stenosis were treated by this way. Functional and cosmetic results were achieved without any complications in all cases. All patients were satisfied with the result.

CONCLUSIONSRemoval of the excess skin at the root of the penis should be preferred to the conventional circumcision for treatment of redundant prepuce. The ideal time for intervention is at or after adolescence, when the prepuce has developed maturely. Non-operative methods should be taken to treat phimosis and adherent prepuce before adolescence.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Circumcision, Male ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Penis ; surgery ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo evaluate lesion-directed biopsy in improving the detection rate of early prostate cancer (PCa) and in differentiating PCa from other prostate pathological changes.

METHODSWe performed TRUS-guided prostate biopsy for 95 patients suspected of PCa, each subjected to extended random biopsy plus lesion-directed biopsy, and analyzed the sonographic characteristics and pathological findings.

RESULTSPCa was detected in 35 of the patients (36.8%), including 16 hypoechoic (45.7%), 4 hyperechoic (11.4%), 10 isoechoic (28.6%) and 5 mixed hetero-echoic lesions (14.3%). Of the 35 PCa cases, 17 (46.2%) were within T2b, 70.6% (12/17) of which were detected by lesion-directed biopsy and 29.4% (5/17) by sextant biopsy, the former obviously higher than the latter (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONLesion-directed prostate biopsy under TRUS can significantly improve the early diagnosis of prostate cancer, increase convenience and reduce patients' pain, but is not sufficient to replace traditional sextant biopsy.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy ; methods ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostate ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Ultrasonography, Interventional

Objective To investigate the protective effect and mechanism of liraglutide on the paraquat (PQ)⁃ induced Parkinson's disease (PD) mouse model. Methods Totally 24 Kunming mice were randomly divided into control group, PQ group and PQ +liraglutide group, 8 mice in each group. PD model was established by intraperitoneal injection of PQ (10 mg/kg) for 5 consecutive days, and liraglutide (50 nmol/kg) was injected intraperitoneally for 7 consecutive days. The free⁃standing and locomotor activity of mice were measured by behavioral method. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the number of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1) immunoreactive cells. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of protein TH, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), mitofusin⁃2 (Mfn2) and dynamin⁃related protein 1 (Drp1). Results The numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity numbers decreased significantly (P<0.01, P < 0.05) in PQ group compared with the control group, and the number of TH immunoreactive cells and TH protein expression in substantia nigra decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group, while the number of Iba1 immunoreactive cells and GFAP protein expression increased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.01) compared with the control group; the expression of Drp1 protein in PQ group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05), while the Mfn2 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.05) compared with the control group. After treatment with liraglutide, the number of TH positive cells in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05); the numbers of free⁃standing and locomotor activity increased significantly (P<0.05, P<0.05) in PQ + liraglutide group compared with the PQ group, and the number of TH positive cells and expression of TH protein in PQ + liraglutide group were significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01, P< 0.01); while the number of Iba1 positive cells and GFAP protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01, P<0.05) compared with the PQ group; the Drp1 protein expression decreased significantly (P<0.01) compared with the PQ group, while the expression of Mfn2 protein in PQ + liraglutide group was significantly higher than that in PQ group (P<0.01). Conclusion Liraglutide has neuroprotective effect by reducing neuroinflammation in substantia nigra, regulating mitochondrial fusion and fission.

OBJECTIVEThis study was to expand the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) through inducing the differentiation of umbilical blood monomuclear cells (UBMNC) by using various combination of cytokines, and to investigate the functions of expanded CTL.

METHODSThe MNC were isolated by ficoll density gradient centrifugation. Then, the PHA-P, IFN-γ combined with IL-2, IL-15 and other cytokines were used for induction and expansion of the cord blood-derived CTL. The biological function of CTL was examined by phenotype analysis, cytotoxic tests and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.

RESULTSAfter expansion for 15 days, the cell number increased by 1522% ± 137%. The content of CD3(-)CD8(-) cells in uncultured cord blood MNC was 95%, and the CD3(+)CD8(+) CTL cells reached 82.77% in cultured cord blood MNC after expansion for 15 days. The expanded CTL cell showed the cytotoxic activity against K562 and HeLa cell line. The killing rate of MNC was 61.88 ± 1.08%. After expansion, the killing rate could reach to 90% with the average value of 90.33 ± 2.02%. The expanded CTL cells highly expressed some key cytokines, such as granzyme A, granzyme B, GM-CSF, granulysin, IFN-γ, TGF-β, TNF-α and perforin. Compared with the control group, the expression of IFN-γ and TGF-β significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the other factors dramatically increased (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe cord blood-derived CTL can be expanded by different combinations of cytokines. These protocols may provide alternative choices for CTL cell expansion in tumor adoptive immunotherapy.

Cytokines ; Fetal Blood ; Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor ; Granzymes ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I ; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II ; Humans ; Immunotherapy, Adoptive ; Perforin ; Phytohemagglutinins ; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic