Objective To observe the change of Toxoplasma g ondii tachyziote in pseudocyst. Methods The mice infected by RH Toxoplasma were treated with mandelic acid (200 mg?kg -1 , twice daily) orally or intravenously, then ascites was taken out to smear in 24 h, 72 h and the time of death, with Giemsa dye and transmission electronic microscope (TEM), the survival time was c alculated. Results Under the light microscope, the cell mem brane of tachyzoite was tortous and broken, the bubble and pelletish material we re observed in cytoplasm, cell nucleus was split; but the cell membrane, organs and nucleus were destroyed more obviously under the TEM than those under the lig ht microscope. Meanwhile the living time of mice treated by mandelic acid (8.0 d ays in oral administration group and 6.8 days in intravenous administration grou p) was obviously longer than that in positive control group(5.5 days, P

Objective:To compare the steam distillation( SD) and supercritical CO2 ( SFE-CO2 ) method in the extraction of vola-tile constituents from such 3 traditional Chinese drugs as cnidium monnieri, radix sileris and atractylodes lancea in compound Kuhuang prescription. Methods:Essential oil was extracted from the 3 traditional Chinese drugs by SD and SFE-CO2 method, respectively. The components were identified by GC-MS, and their relative contents were calculated with peak area normalization method. Results:To-tally 36 components were isolated and identified using SD extraction and 31 components were identified using SFE-CO2 extraction, a-mong them, 22 components were the same and their relative molecular weight mainly concentrated within 200-230. Conclusion: SFE-CO2 method can extract effective components from the 3 traditional Chinese drugs in compound Kuhuang prescription with higher selec-tivity, which is the more suitable extraction method for essential oil from the prescription.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the water-extraction technology of Compound kuhuang formulation. METHODS:The wa-ter-extraction technology of Compound kuhuang formulation was optimized by orthogonal design,with the total contents of matrine and oxymatrine,the total content of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminol,the content of berberine hydrochloride and extract yield,and with the extraction time,amount of water(3 reflux extractions)and soaking time as the factors;and verifi-cation tests were conducted. RESULTS:The extraction time had significant effect on comprehensive evaluation value (P<0.05). The optimal water-extraction technology was as follows as extraction time of 120 min,water amount of 8,6,and 6 times as the amount of herbs,and soaking time of 20 min. In verification tests,the average total content of matrine and oxymatrine was 3.152 6 mg/g(RSD=1.03%,n=3),that of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisamminol was 4.977 2 mg/g(RSD=2.27%,n=3),the average content of berberine hydrochloride was 3.345 0 mg/g (RSD=1.19%,n=3) and the average extract yield was 49.23%(RSD=2.43%,n=3). CONCLUSIONS:The optimal water-extraction technology of Compound kuhuang formulation is stable and feasible.

Objective To investigate the effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields (PEMFs) of different intensities on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rata. Methods Sixty 10-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a normal group, an ovariectomized control group, a 0. 14 mT group, a 0. 16 mT group, a 0.18 mT group and an estrogen group. All rats except those in the normal group were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy. Beginning one week after the operation, the rats in the 0. 14 mT, 0. 16 mT and 0.18 mT groups were treated with PEMFs at 50 Hz, 60 min daily for 90 days, while those in the estrogen group received estrogen instead. During the experiment, the bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body was observed dynamically, and local BMDs and biochemical indexes were measured after 3 months of treatment. Results Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity in the normal group was significantly lower than in the other groups. Tartrate-resistant acidic phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b)activity was elevated significantly, in the control and 0.14 mT groups compared with the normal group. After 2 months of treatment, whole body BMD was reduced significantly in the 0.14 mT group compared to the normal group. After 3 months of treatment, whole body BMD in the ovariectomized controls and the 0.14 mT group was reduced significantly compared to the normal group, but significantly elevated in the 0. 16 mT, 0.18 mT and estrogen groups when compared to the ovariectomized control group. At the end of 3 months of treatment, the trends in lumbar vertebral BMD were similar to those of the whole body BMD, with the femoral BMD in the ovariectomized group and the 0.14 mT group significantly lower than in the normal group, though the differences among the other groups were not statistically significant. Conclusions PEMF treatment at 50 Hz and 0.16 mT or 0.18 mT can promote bone formation. PEMFs at 50 Hz and 0.14 mT might stimulate bone resorption. An intensity-window effect exists in the action of PEMFs on bone metabolism in ovariectomized rats.

To demonstrate the current strategies for treating cartilage defects of knees and the related research. Published papers about cartilage defects were searched and reviewed. The current strategies for the treatment were summarized. Based on the research of our study and others, the conclusion how to treat cartilage defects was made. The current ways for treating cartilage defects include micro-fractures, chondrocytes transplantation, mosaicplasty and tissue engineering; Research on functional magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration is gradually increasing. There is still no effective treatment of cartilage defects and tissue engineering has brought new hopes for the treatment of cartilage defects , functional magnetic resonance imaging has some significance in early diagnosis of cartilage defects, cartilage degeneration.
Animals ; Cartilage Diseases ; surgery ; therapy ; Cartilage, Articular ; surgery ; Humans ; Knee ; surgery ; Tissue Engineering ; Transplantation, Autologous

Objective To explore labeling efficiency and appropriate conditions of Superpara magnetic iron exide nanopaticles (SPIO) nanoparticles for Bone marrow stromal cells(BMSCs). Methods BMSCs were aquired from skeletally mature dogs via iliac crest aspiration and separated by adherent cell cytopheresis.BMSCs were cultured and incubated with SPIO at different concentrations in vitro. The labeling efficiency of BMSCs with different labeling concentrations SPIO nanoparticles as well as detection of characteristics and signal attenuation rules were evaluated by MRI at 1.5T in vitro. Results BMSCs were efficiently labeled by SPIOin vitro and has no alterations to viability and proliferation profiles at this labeling concentration. BMSCs loaded with SPIO can be detected by MRI at certainly cell quantity in vitro(5 × 104). The quantity of SPIO in cells gradually reduced as cell culture time prolonged, with no statistically significant changes in cell death(P＞ 0.05). Conclusion The results demonstrated the potential application of SPIO as a wonderful cell tracer in vitro.

Background Heavy metals may play an important role in environmental risk factors associated disorders of activities of daily living (ADL) in older adults. Objective To investigate the associations between plasma levels of six heavy metals (zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead, manganese, and copper) and ADL disorders in older adults. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted from 2018 to 2019 among 1412 rural elderly people in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. The plasma metal concentrations were detected by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and subsequently classified into three groups (T1-T3) based on tertiles, with the T1 group as the reference. The samples were assessed for ADL disorders using the ADL scale. Logistic regression and restricted cubic spline model (RCS) were used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) to assess the associations between heavy metals and the prevalence of reporting ADL disorders. Results The mean age of the study population was (68.52 ± 5.92) years, 825 (58.4%) female and 587 (41.6%) male. Of these, 372 (26.34%) subjects reported ADL disorders, and most of them were female (74.30%). The results of logistic regression showed that the participants in the cadmium T2 group (0.15-0.25 µg·L⁻¹) had a higher risk of ADL disorders compared to the T1 group (≤0.15 μg·L⁻¹) (OR=1.552, 95%CI: 1.086, 2.134). After stratification by sex, the relative risk of ADL disorders was lower in the plasma copper T3 group (>1019.58 µg·L⁻¹) compared to the T1 group (≤868.12 μg·L⁻¹) in men (OR=0.481, 95%CI: 0.232, 0.998). The relative risk of ADL disorders was higher in the plasma cadmium T2 group (0.15-0.25 µg·L⁻¹) compared to the T1 group (≤0.15 μg·L⁻¹) in women (OR=1.758, 95%CI: 1.182, 2.616). The RCS results showed that the risk of ADL disorders in men was nonlinearly associated with copper (P_nonlinear=0.011, P_overall<0.05). Conclusion High levels of cadmium are positively associated with the risk of reporting ADL disorders, while high levels of copper are negatively associated with the risk of reporting ADL disorders in men.

Objective To review our experiences of diagnostic methods and surgical treatment of the left superior vena cava (LSVC) draining into the left atrium.Methods Nineteen patients with LSVC draining into the left atrium were diagnosed and treated surgically from February 1998 to January 2012.All the cases were combined with other congenital heart diseases including patent ductus arteriosus,ventricular septal defect,atrial septal defect,single atrium,triatriatum,partial endocardial cushion defect,anomalous pulmonary venous drainage,right ventricle outflow stenosis,pulmonary valve stenosis,tetralogy of Fallot,double outlet right ventricle,complete endocardial cushion defect,tricuspid atresia.The patients were diagnosed through different methods including echocartiographic examination,cardiac catheterization,computer tomography,and explored during the operation,even postoperatively.All were treated surgically with four techniques including simple ligation to the LSVC,including ligation during a redo procedure; intra atrial rerouting to drainage the flow from the LSVC to the right atrium,atrial septum reconstruction to make the outlet of the LSVC lying in the right side of the patched atrial septal,and bidirectional Glenn shunt to get a physiological result.Results No mortality postoperatively.All the cases were uneventful postoperatively.And the main postoperative course was related only to the main diagnosis of congenital heart disease,not to the left superior vena cava draining into the left atrium.The echo examination result was satisfied before the discharge.The early and long term follow-up(1-11 years) results are excellent,no arrhythmia,no cardiac deficits after echo examination,including stenosis obstruction and residual shunt.No death.Conclusion The diagnostic methods of the LSVC draining into the left atrium are difficult,the only way to make the diagnosis clearly enough before the operation is depending on improving of more and more comprehending to this rare cardiac anomaly,by the pediatric cardiologists,the sinologist,the intensive care unit,and the pediatric cardiae surgeons.The choice of different surgical treatment is depending on the diagnosis and the findings during the operations,and the results are excellent after a suitable choice made.

Objective To observe the normal configuration and size of the third ventricle in the second and third trimester fetuses in a normal population by ultrasonography. Methods The third ventricular width and configuration were obtained by antenatal ultrasonography in 765 fetuses with gestational age between 27 weeks and term.The relationship Between the width and the gestational age was analyzed.Results The third ventricle width 0～3 mm and showed the increased tendency; the correlation coefficient ( r ) between the width of the third ventricle and the gestationl week was 0.473 ( P＜0.01).The third ventricle was seen as a single echogenic line in 8(4.8%) of 165 fetuses, 145(61.5%) of all fetuses had parallel echogenic lines outlining a fluid-filled lumen, the V-shaped configuration of the third ventricle was seen in 12(7.3%) of the fetuses.Conclusions The third ventricle width shows the increased tendency in the second and third trimester.The parallel echogenic line becomes the prominent ultrasonography appearance in the second and third trimester fetuses.It's usefull to observe the normal ultrasonic apperance of the third ventricle in diagnosing the fetal central nervous abnormities.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of assessing osteoarthritis (OA) in hip dysplasia using 3D delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC).Methods Thirty-five hips in 20 patients with radiographic evidence of hip dysplasia underwent 3D-dGEMRIC scanning.Clinical symptoms were assessed with the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis ( WOMAC ) questionnaire.Radiographic measurement of lateral center-edge angle and T(o)nnis grading were performed on the X-rays.Hips of T(o)nnis grade 1were included in the group of hips with early OA,while the hips with no evidence of OA and without pain symptom were included in the group of hips with normal morphology.The 3D-dGEMRC scans were completed on a 1.5 T MR scanner.The data of 3D-dGEMRIC was reconstructed radically.The dGEMRIC indices were measured on six sites of periphery zones of hip cartilage on reconstructed images.The dGEMRIC indices among different groups were analyzed by non-parametric tests.The differences of dGEMRIC indices among six sites in the group of early OA or the group of normal morphology were analyzed by Wilcoxon test.Results The mean dGEMRIC indices of six sites were lower in group of T(o)nnis grade 1than in group of T(o)nnis grade 0 ( Z =- 2.149,P =0.032 ),and lower in group of T(o)nnis grade 2 than in group of T(o)nnis grade 1( Z =- 1.990,P =0.047 ).The dGEMRIC indices of the anterior site,anterosuperior site,superior-anterior site,and superior site were significantly different between the group of hips with early OA and the group of hips with normal morphology (Z =-2.333--2.041,all of the P values were lower than 0.05).In the group of hips with normal morphology,the dGEMRIC indices of superior-anterior site of hip were lower than superior site(P =0.028).In the group of hips with early OA,the dGEMRIC indices of superior-anterior site were lower than the other sites except for anterior-superior site ( Z =- 3.041- - 2.277,all of the P values were lower than 0.05 ).Conclusions 3 D-dGEMRIC might be a sensitive technique for detection of glycosaminoglycans alteration in early OA and staging of OA in hip dysplasia.Radial reconstruction could provide an accurate assessment of OA,and the results demonstrated that early cartilage alteration could be detected in the anterior to superior sites of hips,and the earliest cartilage alteration may occur in the superior-anterior site of hips.