AIM: Agricultural and industrial wastes, such as deteriorated corns and oil foots, were used as slow-release materials to prepare biodegradable puffed fertilizers, with urea was encapsulated in fertilizer particles with three-dimensional (3D) skeleton construction.METHODS: Slow-release materials formed 3D skeleton construction through modified treatments, swelling, comminution,extrusion and pelleting. Also 3D skeleton construction and its scales were modified by alternating technical conditions,species and ratio of materials in order to realize the controlled-release of fertilizers.RESULTS: Puffed slow-release fertilizers were prepared. And 3D skeleton construction formed as a compact protective layer on surface of fertilizer particles, whose coating fraction of urea was larger than 85%, the number of pin hole (larger than 20 nm) was lower than 20%, and thickness of membrane was larger than 30 nm. The protective layers of samples in soil were biodegraded and pulled out by microbes. Therefore fertilizer particles emerged gradually and dissolved into soil. Slow release of puffed fertilizers was a continuous process containing degradation, abscission and dissolution. And the whole procedure did not yield any polluting residuals. Release experiments in water showed that pure urea (100%) dissolved absolutely in 10 minutes, whereas only 8.2% urea was released from samples with urea content 85.50% after 120 minutes.And similar experiments in soil illuminated that 85% urea was dissolved from pure urea (100%) in 20 hours, whereas 1.3% and 0.8% urea was released from puffed slow-release fertilizers with urea content 81.5% and 40.9% respectively. Therefore,the release rate of slow-release puffed fertilizers was only 1/65.38 and 1/106.25 to that of pure urea.CONCLUSION: Compared with pure urea, the release rates of puffed slow-release fertilizers in both water and soil are apparently low. Furthermore, puffed slow-release fertilizers have good biodegradability (＞95%), which can improve the construction of soil and increase the content of organic fertilizers.

Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; therapy

Objective To investigate the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats.Methods Twenty-eight healthy male rats were injected streptozotocin at dose of 45 mg/kg by tail and be fed with normal diet for 4 weeks,then rats were randomly divided into iscbemia/reperfusion (I/R) group and ischemic preconditioning (IP) group.ST segment of electrocardiograph changes and arrhythmias of all rats were recorded before ischemia and 0,15,30 minuets after ischemia and 0.5,2 h after reperfusion.TTC staining was performed to determine myocardial infarct size.TUNEL assay was used to assesse cardiomyocyte apoptosis.The expression of antiapoptotic gene (Bcl-2) and proapoptotic (Bax) was determined by immunohistochemistry.Results Compared with I/R group,ST segment elevation of patients in IP group decrease from (0.675 ±0.150) mV to (0.489 ±0.161) mV at 30 min after ischemia(P ＜0.05).Meanwhile the onset of ventricular premature contraction(VPC) in IP group was (18.21 ± 5.36) min,later than that of control group ((6.47 ± 4.28) min,t =5.241,P =0.000).The duration of VPC was (6.07 ± 4.33) min,shorter than that of I/R group ((16.71 ± 5.48) min,t =4.924,P ＜ 0.01)).The incidence of ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF) of lP group remarkably decreased compared with I/R group (VT:57.14％ (8/14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =5.600,P =0.018 ; VF:50.00％ (7/ 14) vs.14.29％ (2/14),x2 =4.094,P=0.043).The myocardial infarct size in IP group was (12.50 ± 9.45) ％,smaller than that of I/R group ((37.50 ± 11.40)％,t =3.211,P =0.006).Cardiomyocyte apoptotic index (AI) was attenuated in IP group than that of I/R group((24.31 ± 3.12)％ vs.(19.01 ± 4.32)％,t =3.227,P =0.006),which was correlate with increased the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax((0.103 ±0.045) vs.(0.221 ±0.101),t =2.670,P =0.015).Conclusion IP treatment for diabetic rats shows a protect effect on myocardial I/R injury through attenuating myocardial apoptosis,and increasing the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Exercise Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Low Back Pain ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

Objective:To establish an experimental model of residual ridge resorption after mandibular incisor extraction and to study the occurrence mechanisms.Methods:Thirty male Wistar rats were used, the edge of the right mandibular incisor was cut every three days(a total of three times) and the incisor was extracted at three days after the final cut. The animals were sacrificed 0,1,2,4,8,12 weeks respectively after the extraction and the mandibles were dissected out. The length of the alveolar bone and the ratio of extracted side length to unextracted side length were measured on soft X-ray photographs and the mandibles were processed for histomorphometry.Eighteen male Wistar rats were used to observe the morphologic alteration of periodontal tissues by hematoxylin and eosin when the incisor crown was cut at different time intervals.Results:As compared with the unextracted side, the length of alveolar ridge of the extracted side was significantly decreased at 4,8,12 weeks;the ratio of extracted side length to unextracted side length significantly decreased at 4 week after tooth extraction(P

Objective To observe the effects of kidney aquaporin-2 (AQP2) expression in Lung-Qi deficiency model rats and provide experimental evidence for the traditional Chinese medical theory that the kidney is related with the lung in charge of regulating the water passage. Method Twenty healthy rats were divided into the model group and the control group. The method of immunohistochemistry and Western blot was used to determine the expression of AQP2 in kidney. RT-PCR was applied to analyze the expression of AQP2 mRNA in lung and kidney tissues. Result The expression of AQP2 and AQP2 mRNA in kidney in model group was higher than in the control group. Conclusion The expression of AQP2 in kidney was higher in Lung-Qi deficiency model rats. One of the substance basis of "lung in charge of regulating the water passage" may be related to the change of AQP2 expression in the kidney tissues.

Objective To investigate the change of cognition function and predictor factors in the patients with Alzheimer's disease(AD) before and after onset.Methods 46 AD patients who were not demented in 2000 and 167 normal old people(normal control group) were examed with the mini-mental state examination(MMSE) in 2004,compared with those in 2000.The cognitive predictor of AD was found with Logistic regression analyses.Results Compared with the normal control group,the total score of the MMSE and these subscales:orientation to time,orientation to place,delayed memory,calculation,attention and following commands in AD group in 2000 were decline(P

This article reviews the advances in the transradial cerebral angiography in recent years. Outcoming with the comprehensive informations of this approach possessing characteristics of safety, less invasiveness and fewer complications. Therefore this procedure is welcomed by patients and ought to be used routinely. (J Intervent Radiol, 2006, 15: 315-318)

Objective To investigate whether TNF-α can promote, but TGF-β can reduce Gli2 expression in primary leukemia cells. Methods (1)Western blot was used to detect Gli2 protein expression in leukemic cells. (2)Primary leukemia cells were treated with TGF-β1 or TNF-α,and expressions of Gli2 and TGF-βR were detected. (3)Primary leukemia cells were treated with TGF-β1,TNF-α or/and SIS3, and Gli2 protein expression was detected. Results (1)The primary leukemia cells could express Gli2 protein. (2)Significant reduction of Gli2 mRNA was observed in 1 ~ 10 ng/mL TGF-β1-treated primary leukemia cells for 12 ~ 24 h, No significant differences of Gli2 mRNA was found between the control group and TNF-α group. (3)Protein expresson of TGF-βRⅠand TGF-βRⅡ in 5 ng/mL TNF-α-treated primary leukemia cells for 24 h was higher than that of the control group. (4)Gli2 portein expression was lower in TGF-β1 with or without TNF-α-treated primary leukemia cells for 24 h than that in the control group, and Gli2 portein expression in the TGF-β1 plus TNF-α group was lower than that in TGF-β1 group. Conclusion Combinations of TGF-β and TNF-α can efficiently inhibit Gli2 expression than TGF-β alone in primary leukemia cells.

Objective:To simultaneously determine the contents of asarinin, prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and 5-O-methylvisammio-side in Xinqin granules. Methods:An HPLC method was used. The determination was performed on a ZORBAX Eclipse XDB-C18 col-umn(150 mm ×4.6mm,5 μm) with the mobile phase consisting of menthol (A)-water (B) with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The column temperature was 30℃. The detection wavelength was set at 254 nm from 0 to 30 min and 287nm from 30 to 55 min. The injection volume was 10μl. Results:The linear range of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, asarinin and 5-O-methylvisammio-side was 10.210-163.400 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 7),10.160-162.600 μg·ml-1(r=0.999 8) and 5.015-80.240 μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 8), respectively. The average recovery was 100. 30%(RSD=1. 6%, n=6),101. 53%(RSD=1. 1%,n=6) and 101. 12%(RSD=1. 2%, n=6), respectively. Conclusion: The method is simple and accurate, which can be used in the quality control of Xinqin granules.