Subjective visual perceptions experienced by patients during cataract surgery under local anesthesia have been given more and more attention now.Intraoperative visual experiences,including non-light perception,light perception,one or more color sensation,flash,movement,instrument,hands or fingers of surgeon etc.,are complained in parts of patients.These sensations and experience often lead to a fear of patient.Being aware of these intraoperative sensations of fear from patient is necessary for us to take the preventing strategy in advance.In addition,counseling of these patients prior to surgery may alleviate fears and improve the satisfaction of patient with surgery outcome.This paper reviewed the current studies on this phenomenon,discussed its clinical implications and possible mechanism,and suggested novel approaches to reduce its negative impact on the surgery.

AimTo observe the effect of infiltration of Methylprednisolone on injured spinal nerve root and the protective function of Methylprednisolone to non-impressed spinal nerve root lesion. Methods The spinal nerve roots were injured in 20 rabbits. Three days later local Methylprednisolone infiltration of spinal nerve root profromed in rabbits in experiment group, while rabbits in the control roup received equal amount of 0.9% natriichloridi instead. The conduct velocity of spinal nerve root was measured one week after operation. The histological change of spinal nerve root and immunohistochemical stain of posterior horn of spine were observed by microscope. Results The conduct velocity was recovered obviously in experiment group. In observation of spinal nerve we found the edema and hyperaemia of matrix were impaired obviously, the lesion focus was minimized, the amount of inflammatory cells was decreased. The area of substance P positive fiber and its terminus in posterior of spinal was smaller in experiment group remarkably than in control group. ConclusionsThe local infiltration of Methylprednisolone can relieve inflammation, inhibit the transmission of pain and accelerate recovery of spinal nerve root.

Objective To survey the faculty doctors in psychiatric specialist training basement of Sichuan Province so as to provide a foundation for improving the faculty's ability and to promote the psychiatric specialist doctors training project.Methods To survey the 90 psychiatric specialist training faculty doctors by giving out a self-made questionnaire.Factor analysis were done by adopting SPSS 13.0.Results There were 90 self-made questionnaires given and 90 received.The effeetual questionnaires were 84.The results showed as follows:the average age of faculty doctors was 38.56±8.04,the average teaching time Was 14.32±8.44,faculty doctors with bachelor degree and more were 80.95%,the ratio of full-time teachers was 5.95%,the ratio of primary titles was 27.40%,the ratio of middle tides was 22.60%,the ratio of vice-senior titles was 33.30%,the ratio of senior titles was 16.70%;the ratio of the faculty doctors who enrolled in system training program was 28.57%,the ratio of the training time less than half year was 71.43%,the ratio of wanted to take part in system training was 95.24%.Conclusion The constitute of the faculty doctors'age.degrees and title were reasonable.But the teachingtime Was short and there were short age of full-time teachers.The time of system training was rather short.The faculty doctors demanded to take part in system training program.

Objective:To classify the types of radiographic feature of central salivary gland type malignant tumors of the jaws(CSMTJ) with studying the clinical data,radiographic characteristics and pathological classifications,and to help the diagnose CSMTJ correctly and effectively in future. Methods:The clinical,radiological and pathological features of 62 cases of CSMTJ were studied and summarized. Among these cases,52 cases were collected from the medical records of patients of the internal databank according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Histological Classification of Salivary Gland Tumors standard and 10 cases of CSMTJ were from Guangdong Provincial Stomatological Hospital. Results:The maxilla to mandible ratio was 1∶1.7,Among CSMTJ cases,central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaws (CMCJ) was the most common pathological type and the second was central adenoid cystic carcinoma of the jaws(CACCJ). 62 cases of CSMTJ could be classified into four types:Unicystic type,Multicystic type,"Flame shape" type and Osteolytic type. Conclusion:The radiographic presentation of CSMTJ was very complicated and its classification was connected with tumor malignant degree. The classification was very helpful to determine the treatment methods and the prognosis of the CSMTJ.

There is a close relationship between osteoporosis and osteoarthritis .The joints of bearing weight often suffer the osteoarthristis with osteoporosis .There are some symptoms in the disease ,such as pain and motion disorder ,and joint abnormality in late＋ stage .The principle of rehabilitation is to improve osteoporosis , release pain and increase the function if motion .The treatment includes medicament ,acupuncture ,injection ,rehabilitation ,psychology and surgery therapies .The injection can release pain effectiverly .The methods of rehabilitation include physical therapy,exercise ,massage ,and occupational therapy.These therapies can release pain ,improve motion and increase the quality of life .The article reveiws the clinical symptoms ,diagnosis and treatment ,especially the rehabilitation therrapy.

Fast track surgery(FTS) is a novel surgery concept in recent years.Through using a series of perioperative optimization measures,to reduce the postoperative complications,the length of stay,and to achieve the goal of patients' rapidly rehabilitation.Nowadays,FTS protocols is widely used in general surgery,cardio-thoracic surgery,ophthalmology and orthopedics etc.This article reviewed the application of FTS in the perioperative patients which taking hip and knee arthroplasty.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Fas or FasL and the apoptosis of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients. Methods The expression rates of Fas and FasL and apoptosis rates of peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes were detected by flow cytometry (FCM) in 30 active SLE patients and 30 inactive SLE patients and 30 healthy controls. Results There were significant difference in the expression rates of Fas of T and B lymphocytes among three groups (P0.05). In addition, the activity of SLE had no correlation with the expression rates of Fas or FasL on T or B lymphocytes but has positive correlation with the apoptosis rates of T or B lymphocytes. And no correlation was found between the expression rate of Fas or FasL and the apoptosis rate of neither T nor B lymphocytes. Conclusion The apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes is influenced by many factors in SLE patients, but is abnormally increased at last, especially in active SLE. It is inferred that the increase of apoptosis rate of peripheral blood lymphocytes plays an important role in the pathogenesis of SLE.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of endovascular stent-graft placement for the treatment of Debakey Ⅲ type aortic dissection. Methods From June 2001 to July 2006, 31 patients with Debakey Ⅲ type aortic dissection were diagnosed by contrast-enhanced CT scan. Vascular access was obtained through the right or left femoral artery after arteriotomy and stent-graft was deployed into the true lumen to occlude the primary entry tear. Immediate aortography was performed after the procedure and the follow-up data of CT scan were evaluated. Results Stent-graft deployment was successfully performed in all the patients. Immediate aortography after the procedure showed no leakage in 27 patients and minor leakage in 4. After the operation, one patient showed paraplegia, and one developed left arm ischemia. No stent movement or organ ischemia was found at the early postoperative stage in the other patients. Six months after the operation, in all the 31 patients, contrast-enhanced CT scan showed the disappearance of the false lumen and thrombosis at the level of the stent; and the minor leakage of was improved in the 4 patients. Four years after the operation, one patient developed severe internal leakage at the approximal end of the stent, and was treated by thoracotomy. Conclusions Endovascular stent-graft placement is effective for the treatment of Debakey Ⅲ type aortic dissection. However, further studies are needed to evaluate its long-term outcomes.

Objective To explore the clinical efficacy of azithromycin in the different course treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumonia.Methods 1 20 children with mycoplasma pneumonia were divided into two groups according to the treatment plan.Adding different treatment course azithromycin treatment based on conventional treatment,treatment group 1 (42cases)for a single course of 3 days,the treatment group 2 (78cases)single course more than 3d,treatment group 2 including group 2 -A (22cases)and group 2 -B (41 cases)and group 2 -C (1 5cases),the single course of treatment,respectively,5d,7d,8d.Patients'body temperature returned to normal time, and the disappearing time of cough,lung rale and the time in the hospital were observed.Results The fever and lung rale disappearing time of the treatment 2 group were lower than those of treatment 1 group,while there were no signifi-cant differences[(2.99 ±2.84)d vs.(3.24 ±3.03)d,(6.57 ±4.33)d vs.(6.84 ±4.67)d,t =0.449 3,0.31 6 9, all P >0.05 ].The hospitalization time and cough time of treatment 2 group were lower than those of treatment 1 group,the differences were statistically significant[(8.32 ±4.1 6)d vs.(1 0.21 ±5.1 6)d,(9.52 ±3.67)d vs. (1 3.33 ±6.77)d,t =2.1 78 7,4.004 4,all P <0.05].The fever disappearing time of the A,B and C groups had no statistical differences(all P >0.05),while the cough time,lung rale disappearing time and hospitalization time of B group were obviously lower than A and C group,the differences were statistically significant(all P <0.05),there were no statistically significant differences between treatment A group and treatment C group(all P >0.05).Conclusion Azithromycin in the different course treatment of children with mycoplasma pneumonia has no obvious difference for fever disappearing time.However,for the clinical symptoms such as cough and lung rale selecting 7 days as a course of treatment is the best.

[Objective]To approach the methods of difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy.[Methods ]The clinical data of 116 patients with Mirizzi syndrome,severe adherence of abdominal cavity and Calot'triangle,liver cirrhosis underwent difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy since 2004 were retrospectively analyzed.[Results]Except 3 patients treated by abdominal operation,other patients were treated by laparoscopic cholecystectomy successfully.[Conclusion]The rates of open operation midway and complications are not increased in difficult laparoscopic cholecystectomy as long as dealing with them properly.