Nano materials are popular with its interesting properties. Large specific surface area, high mechanical strength, good absorbability make them good potencial carriers of catalyst. With the help of chemical modification, nano SiO2 particals were used as carrier to immobilize ?-glucosidase with covalent binding. It is found that the load of nano particals can reach 1/8 of its weight, and the recovered activity of enzyme is 70%. The resistence of immobilized enzyme to organic solvent wase improved obviously, which was then used in Ethyl Acetate-Water-two-phase-system to hydrolyzed soybean isoflavones.

Epilepsy ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Tuberous Sclerosis ; complications ; diagnosis ; genetics

Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; complications ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; Humans ; Male

Objective To describe the structure and the level of the stress of nursing students in clinic practice,and supply reference for reform of clinical teaching method.Methods Totally 100 undergraduate nursing students in clinic practice,who would graduate from nursing school and begin to work in 2013,were interviewed and investigated.Results The main stress sources were divided into five aspects:recognition,clinical nursing ability,career development,field response and exhaustion of body and mind.Conclusions The structure and level of the stress of nursing students changed a lot.Some new appropriate reform should be introduced into clinic education,in order to help nursing students to complete psychological change and role adaptation.

Objective To compare the safety of dopamine ( DA) and norepinephrine ( NE) in hypovolemic shock , and the impact on the stability of blood pressure and haemodynamics .Methods Eighty two patients with hypovolemic shock were given fluid resuscitation . All the patients were divided into two groups including DA group (n=41) and NE group(n=41).Recovery of blood pressure, hemody-namic parameters were observed at different time point , and the complications and mortality of two groups were recorded .Results Blood pressure of all the patients returned to normal in 15min after the medication, and became stable after 30min.There was no significant difference in the blood pressure in both groups except that of 15min.Compared with T0, There were higher in the numerous of CVP , CI, ELWI, ITBI.The ELWL at T2 in DA group was higher than that of NE group , while there was no significant difference in the other time points between the two groups(P>0.05).After treatment for 24 h, blood oxygen saturation, urine volume in two groups were significantly increased, blood lactic acid markedly reduced , but lactic acid in NE group was obviously lower than that in DA group (P<0.05).Com-pared with DA group, the incidence of arrhythmia cordis , 2-week mortality in NE group were significantly reduced (P<0.05), while the acute kidney injury in two group was not statistically different (P>0.05).Conclusion The effect of NE and DA in maintaining the stability of blood pressure and hemodynamic are equivalent , and NE did not increase the risk of acute kidney injury , but can effectively improve tissue perfusion , reduce arrhythmia and case fatality rate , improve clinical outcomes .

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) incision for pain induced by brachial plexus injury. Methods A cohort study was performed in 41 consecutive patients with pain induced by brachial plexus injury treated with DREZ incision from July 2005 to December 2007. Of all, 19 patients were amputated and had phantom limb sensation. Oral pain relief (0%-100%) and complications were followed up by one professional doctor. Oral pain relief rate ≥50% was considered satisfactory outcome. Results The proportion of patients with satisfactory pain relief was 90% (37/41), 81% (30/37), 77% (24/31) and 70% (16/23) at 2 weeks, 3 months, 6 months and last follow-up (over one year) after surgery. At last follow-up, 15 out of 16 patients with over 10 years of pain duration got satisfactory pain relief; while only 16 out of 25 patients with less than 10 years of pain duration got satisfactory pain relief (x2 =4.682, P =0.030). In 16 amputees who were followed up for more than three months, seven patients with alteration of phantom limb sensation got satisfactory pain relief, while only four out of nine patients without alteration of phantom limb sensation got satisfactory pain relief. Among 37 patients followed up for more than three months, severe neurological defects were found in three patients including one with mild motor disturbance in the ipsilateral lower limb and two with severe sensory disturbance in the ipsilateral lower limb. Conclusions DREZ incisions are effective and safe neurosurgical procedure for relieving pain induced by brachial plexus injury. The possible predictive factors of better outcome are the long preoperative pain duration and postoperative phantom limb sensation among amputees.

Objective To explore the signal mechanism of proliferation stimulating effect of connec-tive tissue growth factor (CTGF) on hypertrophic scar (HS) derived fibroblasts. Methods <'3>H-TdR in-corporation technique was used to determine the proliferative effect of CTGF at different concentration. Western blot was applied to semi-quantitively analyze the expression of phosphorylated and total ERK1/2 protein after 0, 5, 10, 15, 30, and 60 min of CTGF stimulation, and the relative value of which was de-fined as AI to measure the activation of ERK1/2 signal pathway. PD98059 was admitted to specifically block the ERK1/2 pathway, and subsequently cell proliferation stimulated by CTGF was studied by MTT. Results CTGF could stimulate fibroblasts proliferation with a dose-dependant manner, and activa-ted the ERK1/2 signal pathway, and AI built up to 0.209±0.0201, reaching the apex at 15 min after stimulation performed. Inhibition of ERK1/2 activation by PD98059 suppressed CTGF-mediated HS fi-broblasts proliferation significantly, while OD significantly dropped. Conclusion CTGF induces a prolif-erative response in HS fibroblasts, and this action is mainly dependent on the activation of ERK1/2 signal pathway.

Objective To establish a TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR ( real-time PCR) for the quantitative and rapid detection of viral reservoir in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from rhesus monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection and to evaluate its preliminary application. Methods A pair of primers and one TaqMan probe were designed ac-cording to the conserved sequence of SIVmac239 strain for real-time PCR amplification. A length of 2 090 bp of nucleotide fragment was digested from the plasmid p239SpSp5 containing 5′-end long segments of SIV-mac239 strain by restriction enzymes EcoRⅠand SpeⅠ. The standards used for quantitative detection of SIV DNA in peripheral blood samples were prepared by a 10-fold serial dilution and used for graphing the stand-ard curve. The numbers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) in rhesus monkeys during acute and chronic phases of SIVmac239 infection were determined and the virological characteristics of SIV DNA at different phages of infection were analyzed. Results A linear positive correlation between cycle threshold ( Ct) val-ues and concentrations (10 copies/μl to 109 copies/μl) of the standards was found. High levels of SIV DNA were monitored in SIV-infected monkeys 14 to 22 days after acute infection. The levels of SIV DNA in the acute phase of infection were about 1 to 2 logs higher than those in the chronic phase of infection. The num-bers of SIV DNA ( copies per 106 PBMCs) were 1 log lower than the SIV viral load in peripheral blood of the same monkey. The ratios of SIV DNA load to SIV RNA load ( DNA/RNA) in chronic phase of infection were higher than those in the acute phase. Conclusion The established TaqMan probe-based real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was a highly sensitive and specific assay for the detection of SIV DNA with an advantage of wide linear range. It could be used for the quantitative evaluation of latent reservoirs of SIV.

Objective To study the effect and mechanism of increase in radio sensitivity of kidney cancer cells(GRC-1) induced by ?-elemenen in vitro. Methods GRC-1 cells were divided into 3 groups, blank group (added with 2 mL culture medium), emulsion group (added with 2 mL blank emulsion culture medium) and drug group (added with 2 mL 50 mg?L -1 ?-elemenen culture medium). After been cultivated for 24 hours, the cells were irradiated using 6MeV X-linear accelerator in different doses at the rate of 400cGy per minute. Number of cell clones was counted, and radiation-survival curve of GRC-1 cells was drawn. Flow cytometry (FCM) was used to measure cell cycle and apoptosis. Cells of climbing flake were dyed by immunocytochemical method, the gene expression of bcl-2 and PCNA was measured by imaging system. Results The cell cycle showed that the G 2M blocking caused by 50 mg?L -1 ?-elemenen was enhanced with time increase. It reached peak at 24 hours. FCM showed that the level of apoptosis increased with increase in drug dose and action time. The gene expression of bcl-2 was decreased by 20% in drug group than that in blank group, but there was no expression of PCNA in the two groups. Conclusion The radiosensitivity of GRC-1 cells can be enhanced by ?-elemenen. The mechanism of effect may be associated with the cell cycle blocking, inducing cell apoptosis and down-regulating expression of bcl-2 gene.

Objective To evaluate the hemodynamic features of VX_2 tumor and peri-neoplastic liver parenchyma with low mechanical index gray-scale contrast enhancement.Methods Ultrasound contrast agent SonoVue((0.1) ml/kg) was applied respectively in 8 VX_2-bearing rabbits by intravenous bolus injection.Corresponding parameters of the time-intensity curve:time to enhancement(ET),time to peak intensity(PIT),peak signal intensity(PSI) and mean transit time(MTT) were measured using low mechanical index contrast gray-scale imaging and Wash-in/Wash-out time-intensity curve software.Results Gray-scale imaging delineated clearly the dynamic enhancement of the VX_2 tumor and the surrounding liver parenchyma.The ET and PIT were definitely earlier,the PSI lower and the MTT absolutely shorter in VX_2 tumors than those in the liver parenchyma.There were significant differences of parameters derived from the time-intensity curve between VX_2 tumors and liver parenchyma(P