AimTo observe the effect of infiltration of Methylprednisolone on injured spinal nerve root and the protective function of Methylprednisolone to non-impressed spinal nerve root lesion. Methods The spinal nerve roots were injured in 20 rabbits. Three days later local Methylprednisolone infiltration of spinal nerve root profromed in rabbits in experiment group, while rabbits in the control roup received equal amount of 0.9% natriichloridi instead. The conduct velocity of spinal nerve root was measured one week after operation. The histological change of spinal nerve root and immunohistochemical stain of posterior horn of spine were observed by microscope. Results The conduct velocity was recovered obviously in experiment group. In observation of spinal nerve we found the edema and hyperaemia of matrix were impaired obviously, the lesion focus was minimized, the amount of inflammatory cells was decreased. The area of substance P positive fiber and its terminus in posterior of spinal was smaller in experiment group remarkably than in control group. ConclusionsThe local infiltration of Methylprednisolone can relieve inflammation, inhibit the transmission of pain and accelerate recovery of spinal nerve root.

AIM:To establish HPLC fingerprints of Platycodon grandiflorum in different picking times in Henan province.METHODS:HPLC chromatography condition:Hypersil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m);the mobile phase was acetonotrile with 0.05% phosphoric acid and the gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation;The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min;The temperature of column was 30 ℃;the detective wavelength was set at 210 nm;RESULTS:The overall similarity in samples collected in autumn was higher than that in spring,and autumn was the appropriate for harvest.CONCLUSION:This method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility.It provids a reliable scientific basis for the quality control of Platycodon grandiflorum.

Objective To study the effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on spinal cord injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice with injury at T9 ~T10 were taken as spinal cord injury ( SCI) model, and they were divided into the operated group and the sham oper-ated group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression changes of MIF during 72 hours after operation. Reverse transcriptase-poly-merase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) was used to test changes of mRNA level. And double staining immunofluorescence techniques was used to show expressions of MIF and RhoA. Results Expression of MIF at acute stage (72 hours after injury) increased significantly. Results of RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of MIF and RhoA both increased. There were statistical differences between the two groups (P<0. 05). Con-clusion In acute stage after SCI, MIF increased in the activated microglia. MIF accumulated in oligodendrocyte-like and astrocyte-like cells in injured spinal cord, which might contribute to inhibitory environment for regeneration. Moreover, mRNA level of MIF raised with the in-crease of RhoA mRNA level, which indicated the potential inhibition of MIF to axonal regeneration in CNS.

Objective:To study the influences of angled abutments connected with small diameter implants in anterior maxilla restora-tion.Methods:Simulation models of angled abutment with small diameter restoration in anterior maxilla were established,the biome-chanical properties of the models were studied by finite element method(FEM)analysis.Results:Following the increase of the abut-ment angle,the stress and strain of all parts increased linearly and more concentrated,while appropriate prosthetic crown could share some load.Cortical bone elastic deformation exceeded the threshold when the abutment angle was bigger than 8 °.Conclusion:With abutment angle increase,stresses and strains will increase and will be more concentrated,which is unfavorable for load conduction.Ap-propriate crown can reduce the adverse effects of angled abutment.Angled abutment should not be used for d 3.5 implant.

Objective To evaluate the effects of different methods of administration on clinical pharmacodynamics of cisatracurium during liver transplantation.Methods Twenty-four ASA physical status Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 18-63 yr,weighing 60-88 kg,with body mass index of 20-30 kg/m2,scheduled for elective liver transplantation,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =12 each):continuous infusion group (group C) and intermittent bolus injection group (group Ⅰ).The total intravenous anesthesia was used during surgery.When T1 recovered to 10％ of control height after induction of anesthesia,continuous infusion of cisatracurium was started with an initial rate of 1.5 μg· kg-1 · min-1,and the infusion rate was manually adjusted to maintain T1 at about 10％ in group C,and intermittent iv boluses of cisatracurium 0.03 mg/kg were given to maintain T1 ≤ 10％ in group Ⅰ.The use of muscle relaxants was stopped immediately after peritoneum closure.The consumption of cisatracurium per minute,time for T1 to recover from 10％ to 25％,recovery index and time for recovery of spontaneous breathing after surgery were recorded.Results Compared with group Ⅰ,the consumption of cisatracurium per minute was significantly reduced and the time for recovery of spontaneous breathing after surgery was shortened (P ＜ 0.05),and no significant changes were found in the time for T1 to recover from 10％ to 25％ and recovery index in group C (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with intermittent bolus injection,continuous infusion of cisatracurium during liver transplantation is helpful in improving the clinical potency of the muscle relaxant and in reducing the occurrence of complications during anesthesia recovery period.

AIM:To establish HPLC fingerprints of Platycodon grandiflorum in different picking times in Henan province.METHODS:HPLC chromatography condition:Hypersil C_(18) column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm);the mobile phase was acetonotrile with 0.05% phosphoric acid and the gradient elution mode was applied in chromatographic separation;The flow rate was 0.5 mL/min;The temperature of column was 30℃;the detective wavelength was set at 210 nm;RESULTS:The overall similarity in samples collected in autumn was higher than that in spring,and autumn was the appropriate for harvest.CONCLUSION:This method is simple and accurate with a good reproducibility.It provids a reliable scientific basis for the quality control of Platycodon grandiflorum.

Objective To explore the effects of angled abutments on the anterior maxilla implant restoration. Methods We analyzed the biomechanical properties of implants of different sizes (Φ3.5 mm,4.0 mm and 4.5 mm in diameter;L11.5 mm and L13 mm in length)after connecting different angled abutments (0°,10°,20°,and 30°) using finite element method.Results The stresses and strains of loading parts of restorations increased and their distribution became more concentrated as the angle of abutment increased.Cortical bone of Φ3 .5 implants with smaller angle (10°or less)andΦ4.0 implants with abutments had the risk of overpassing the bone elastic threshold when the angle approached 30°.However,the cortical bone elastic deformation was within a safe range at all angles inΦ4.5 group.Conclusion We should consider the diameter of the implant when selecting angled abutments.The angled abutments are not suitable for small diameter implants.The bite force should be under control when needed. The larger angled abutments can be applied in the standard and major diameter implants and it is necessary to avoid occlusal overloading.

Objection To observe the change rules of quantity and species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang and to provide technology and scientific evidence for drow ning identification and the location of drow ning in forensic investigation. Methods In 2011, different locations for collecting water sam pleswere chosen in Hunhe River in Shenyang. Water sam pleswere collected and variation of quantity and species of diatom swere observed every month. And variation of dom inant species of diatom swas ob-served every week. Results The quantity, speciesand dom inant species of diatom sin Hunhe River in Shenyang varied with different tim eand locations. The quantity and species of diatom swere lowest from Decem ber to February and gradually increased, reaching peak in May and second peak in October, and then gradually decreased. The dom inant species of diatom s varied significantly adjacent two weeksat same location from April to N ovem ber, but had little changesat different locationsin same week from July to August. Conclusion The change rules of quantity and species of diatom sare com plicated and affected by various factors such as environm ent and hydrology. The change rules of speciesand quantity of diatom s should be considered in forensic investigation of drow ning identification and the lo-cation of drow ning.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of different dosages of Pudilan Xiaoyan Oral Liquid (PXOL) in treatment of infantile acute pharyngitis-tonsillitis with lung-stomach excess-heat syndrome. Methods: A randomized controlled, double-blind, positive drug parallel controlled, and multi-center clinical trial was conducted. Totally 324 children from seven research centers were included, 108 cases in experimental high dose group (A Group), 108 cases in experimental low dose group (B Group), 54 cases in positive medicine group (Xiaoer yanbian Granula, C Group), and 54 cases in placebo group (D Group), with the ratios of 2:2:1:1.5 in a course. Results: (1) Totally 317 cases were in full analysis set (FAS), 284 cases in per-protocol set (PPS) and 324 cases in Safety Set (SS). (2) Evaluation on effectiveness: There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in the total effective rate of pharyngalgia and pharyngeal swelling. A Group and B Group were both superior to D Group, and were non-inferior to C Group. B Group was non-inferior to A Group. There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in total effective rate of syndrome of traditional Chinese medicine. There was significant difference (P<0.05) between each two groups in the median time of improving pharyngalgia syndrome. There was significant difference (P<0.001) between each two groups in the median time of pharyngalgia syndrome disappearing. There were significant differences (P<0.05) between each two groups in total effective rate of halitosis, cough, thirst, deep-colored urine, and dry stool. The analysis on PPS agrees with that of FAS. (3) Evaluation on safety: No adverse reactions in clinical significant laboratory examination were found during the trial. Conclusion: High and low dosages of PXOL show advantages over placebo and are non-inferior to the positive medicine Xiaoer Yanbian Granula. High dose group does not show advantage comparing with low dose group. No adverse reactions are found during the trial. Low dose therapy is recommended.

AIM: To establish HPLC-fingerprints and quantitatively determine platycodin-D from Platycodon grandiflorum.METHODS: HPLC analysis was carried out on Hypersil C18 column(250 mm ? 4.6 mm,5 ?m),with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.05 mol/L phosphoric acid system,gradient elution,with a flow at 0.5 mL/ min,an ultraviolet detection wavelength was at 210 nm for fingerprint and at 206 nm for platycodin-D,column tem-perature at 30 ℃.RESULTS: Twelve common peaks were identified in chromatograms with reference to platycod-in-D peak from the 18 batches of the samples.CONCLUSION: The method of the HPLC-fingerprint and quantita-tive analysis is rapid,simple and accurate with a good reproducibility and can be used for the quality control of Platycodon grandiflorum.