Objective To develop a synthetic medical image generation system which can provide test images for the validation of medical image segmentation algorithms.Methods The synthetic image was created based on the deformation of region of interest (ROI) in original clinical images.First the synthetic foreground boundarywas generated by the resampling of the Fourier descriptors of manually segmented foreground boundary in original image.Then all the ROI pixels were divided into 4 categories and their intensities were calculated by texture matching techniques.Results The intracranial hemorrhage image was selected as the original image,and the generated synthetic images were applied to validate the precision and accuracy of multi-threshold segmentation and level set algorithm.Conclusion The proposed system can rapidly generate synthetic images with realistic appearance of clinical cases and well define ground truth foreground boundary.It has strong practicality for quantitative validation of segmentation algorithms.

Objective To retrospectively review long?term results of developmental dislocation of the hip patients treated with open reduction and Salter pelvic osteotomy, and to analyze the potential risk factors. Methods Sixty?eight developmental dislocation of the hip cases (81 hips) were treated with open reduction and Salter pelvic osteotomy from September 1992 to Octo?ber 2002, 45 cases (52 hips) were followed up to skeletal maturity. None had undergone other treatment before the key surgery. Some cases received skeleton traction before surgery. The radiographic and functional results were assessed at last follow?up. The possible relevant factors for unsatisfactory outcome were analyzed. The correlation between type ⅡAVN and the coverage rate of the femoral head were evaluated. Results The mean age at surgery was 2.5 years (ranged from 1.4 to 5.3 years). At last follow?up, 44 hips (84.6%) had excellent or good functional results. 23 hips (44.2%) had avascular necrosis of varying severity, of which 16 hips were typeⅡ. There was significant relevance between the AVN severity and the Severin classification result (P=0.018). Theover correctionhips, that were overcorrected during surgery, were more likely to get severe type AVN ( P=0.037). There was no correlation between TypeⅡAVN with uncoverage according to CE angle and Reimers index (P=0.457, 0.308 respectively). Con?clusion 1) Satisfactory functional and radiographic results could be expected in developmental dislocation of the hip cases with?out AVN;2) High risk of AVN existed in the late diagnosised hips that underwent open reduction and Salter pelvic osteotomy, typeⅡwas the most common type;3) TypeⅡAVN was not a predictor for progressive femoral head coverage deficiency;4)Over cor?rectionin Salter pelvic osteotomy was related with severe type AVN which should be avoided.

Objective To study the expression of NM-23 ,PCNA,p53 and S-100 in colorectal cancer tissues and their relationship.Methods Three hundred and seventy eases of elderly eolorectal cancer were labelled with NM-23,PCNA,p53 and S-100 and staged by pTNM classification.Results The positive rates of NM-23,PCNA,p53 and S-100 were 74.9% ,60.3% ,58.1% ,68.1% respectively.In elderly group,the expression of NM-23 had a neg-ative correlation with that of PCNA (r = -0.101 ,P = 0.026).However the expression of NM-23 had a positive corre-lation with that of p53 (r =0.111 ,P =0.016 ),the expression of S-100 had a positive correlation with that of p53 (r=0.112,P = 0.015 ),the expression of S-100 had a positive correlation with that of PCNA (r =-0.229,P =0.000).Conclusions In the elderly patients,NM-23,p53 and S-100 were significantly correlated with the inva-sion,metastasis and prognosis of eoloreetal cancer.PCNA may be a stimulative factor in the invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer.NM-23 ,PCNA,p53 and S-100 can serve as effective markers in reflecting the invasion,metas-tasis and prognosis of colorectal carcinoma in the elderly.

Objective To study the effects of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on spinal cord injury. Methods C57BL/6 mice with injury at T9 ~T10 were taken as spinal cord injury ( SCI) model, and they were divided into the operated group and the sham oper-ated group. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect expression changes of MIF during 72 hours after operation. Reverse transcriptase-poly-merase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) was used to test changes of mRNA level. And double staining immunofluorescence techniques was used to show expressions of MIF and RhoA. Results Expression of MIF at acute stage (72 hours after injury) increased significantly. Results of RT-PCR showed that mRNA levels of MIF and RhoA both increased. There were statistical differences between the two groups (P<0. 05). Con-clusion In acute stage after SCI, MIF increased in the activated microglia. MIF accumulated in oligodendrocyte-like and astrocyte-like cells in injured spinal cord, which might contribute to inhibitory environment for regeneration. Moreover, mRNA level of MIF raised with the in-crease of RhoA mRNA level, which indicated the potential inhibition of MIF to axonal regeneration in CNS.

BACKGROUND:The polymorphisms of dopamine receptor in promoter region wil affect the expression of the receptor, thereby affecting the dopaminergic neurotransmitter, final y lead to related diseases.
OBJECTIVE:To construct the dual luciferase reporter vector containing human DRD1 promoter region and determine its activity, which could provide the basic tool for studying the transcriptional regulation of DRD1 gene.
METHODS:DRD1 promoter sequence was amplified by PCR using the human blood genomic DNA and cloned into pGM-T vector. After sequencing, the correctly constructed vectors were ligated to the firefly luciferase reporter plasmid pGL3-Basic. The cloned pGL3-Basic vectors were transfected into HEK293 using cationic liposome method. In the meanwhile, PGL3-Basic vector with no promoter was co-transfected with pGL3-TK plasmid as negative control group. The relative fluorescence intensity was measured by chemiluminescence.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Recombinant luciferase reporter gene vectors were confirmed by restriction analysis and sequencing. (2) Compared with the negative control group, the HEK293 cel s transfected by recombinant vectors presented transcriptional activity. (3) In conclusion, luciferase reporter gene vectors containing DRD1 promoter region are successful y constructed and can provide the basic tool for further study on the transcriptional regulation of DRD1.

Accuracy validation is essential to clinical application of medical image registration techniques. Registration validation remains a challenging problem in practice mainly due to lack of 'ground truth'.In this paper, an overview of current validation methods for medical image registration is presented with detailed discussion of their benefits and drawbacks.Special focus is on non-rigid registration validation. Promising solution is also discussed.
Algorithms ; Diagnostic Imaging ; Humans ; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted ; Phantoms, Imaging ; Validation Studies as Topic

Objective:To analyze the levels of individual doses to radiation workers receiving medical radiation exposure in hospitals in Jiangxi province, so as to provide reference for radiation protection.Methods:The radiation workers of different types in medical institutions in Jiangxi were investigated from 2014 to 2018, involving diagnostic radiology, radiotherapy, nuclear medicine and interventional radiology. Statistical analyses were made of the individual doses to medical radiation workers in the province.Results:The total number of monitored workers were 23 833 with average annual individual effective dose of 0.316 mSv. NR1 and NR5, the ratios of the number of workers receiving annual individual doses exceeding 1 and 5 mSv to the total monitored workers were 4.32% and 0.10%, respectively. During the five-year period, the average annual individual effective dose showed a upward and then downward trend, with peak appearing in 2017. A total of 17 909 diagnostic radiologists were monitored, accounting for 75.14% of the total number of monitored workers. The average annual individual effective dose received by workers was 0.329 mSv, the highest, in interventional radiology, followed by diagnostic radiology 0.318 mSv, nuclear medicine 0.283 mSv, and radiotherapy 0.269 mSv, respectively. There were statistically significant differences among radiation workers of different types ( χ2=489.39, P<0.001). Conclusions:The average annual individual effective dose to the radiation workers in medical institutions in Jiangxi province meets the relevant national standards, but with an upward trend in nuclear medicine. The higher levels of individual doses to radiation workers are seen in primary and secondary hospitals. It should be strengthen the oversight of radiation workers in nuclear medicine and in primary and secondary hospitals.

was 60.0%,50.0%,3.3% and 0.0% higher than those of group P,the difference between the two groups had statis-tical significance(χ2 =6.405,20.000,all P <0.05));group E after operation from the room time for(30.6 ±5.2) min,longer than those of the group P (21.4 ±3.3)min(t =7.118,P <0.05).Conclusion Effect of etomidate com-bined with dezocine anesthesia while postoperative nausea,dizziness and other complications,but the effects on respi-ration,circulation is small,suitable for middle aged and old women painless curettage.

Objective To observe the therapeutic effects of Liuwei Shunji Capsule on survival state, visceral hypersensitivity, the content of 5-HT of model rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency-type irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and explore its mechanism.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, pinaverium bromide group and Liuwei Shunji Capsule of high, medium and low dose groups. Senna with restraint stress was used in duplicating liver depression and spleen deficiency-type IBS model. From the second day after the model was established, each drug treatment group was administered with corresponding drugs once a day for two weeks. The effects of Liuwei Shunji Capsule on survival state, visceral hypersensitivity, the content of 5-HT in serum and hypothalamus were observed.Results Compared with model group, Liuwei Shunji Capsule could raise weight growth rate of model rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency-type IBS (P<0.05), improve their diarrhea, fatigue demeanor, fur quality, irritability and other symptoms, significantly decrease their visceral hypersensitivity, the content of 5-HT in serum and hypothalamus (P<0.01).Conclusion Liuwei Shunji Capsule can effectively improve survival state and intestinal disorders of rats with liver depression and spleen deficiency-type IBS, and the mechanism of treatment could be realized through regulating 5-HT level.

Objective To assess the left ventricular dyssynchrony in coronary artery disease(CAD) without visual segmental wall motion abnormalities using strain delay index (SDI).Methods A total of 135 patients under suspicion of CAD were recruited in this study.Two-dimensional cchocardiography was performed to collect dynamic images of left ventricular apical long axis views,tow-chamber views,four chamber views and parasternal short axis mitral views,papillary views and apical views.The time to minimal systolic longitudinal,radial,circumferential strain (Tssl,Tssr and Tssc) were measured from the start point of QRS wave in electrocardiogram.The left ventricular segmental standard deviation (Tssl-SD,Tssr-SD,Tssc-SD),maximal difference (Tssl-Dif,Tssr-Dif,Tssc-Dif) and longitudinal,radial,circumferential SDI (LSDI,RSDI,CSDI) of 18 left ventricular segments were calculated.Results According to coronary angiography results,patients were divided into three groups:severe stenosis group,mild stenosis group and control group.Compared with the other two groups,SDI and Tssl-SD,Tssl-Dif were decreased in severe stenosis group (P ＜0.001 or P ＜0.05).However,there were not significant differences between the mild stenosis group and the control group except Tssr-SD.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves analysis demonstrated that LSDI had the highest accuracy and Tssl-SD had the lowest accuracy for detecting severe CAD (areas under the curve were 0.891,0.797,0.666,0.580 and 0.556 respectively).High sensitivity and specificity (80.6％ and 86.7％,respectively) were shown when using-12.67％ as a cutoff point of LSDI to diagnose severe CAD.Conclusions SDI can be helpful for assessing the left ventricular dyssynchrony in patients without visual segmental wall motion abnormalities,and LSDI is the most effective parameter to detecting severe CAD.