Objective To analyze the changes of distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for ventilator-associated-pneumonia (VAP) in seven intensive care units from January 2013 to December 2015,so that provides information for clinical antibiotic treatment.Methods Collected the patient records diagnosed with VAP to get the distribution and drug resistance of isolated pathogens for VAP in ICU from January 2013 to December 2015.Compared the distribution of isolated pathogens for VAP among three year with Chi-square tests,and compared the drug resistance of main isolated pathogens with Nonparametric tests.Results 177 patients were diagnosed with VAP from January 2013 to December 2015.A total of 192 strains of pathogens were isolated from the VAP patients in ICU.Among which the gram-negative bacteria were dominant.It took up 90.6％.There was no significant statistical difference for the distribution of pathogens (x2 =2.372,P=0.668＞0.05).Analyzed the drug resistance rate and trends for the primary pathogens like Acinetobacter Bauman,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus,among which,the drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman from 2013 to 2015 made statistical difference.Conclusion The major pathogen isolated from VAP patients was gram-negative bacteria from January 2013 to December 2015,especially for Acinetobacter Bauman.Drug resistance of Acinetobacter Bauman was serious.Should administrated appropriate to treat the VAP infection resulted from Acinetobacter Bauman.

Objective A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was established for the determination of glycerol in propofol medium and long chain fat emulsion injection.MethodsThe chromatographic conditions were as follows: Kromasil 100-5-NH2 column(4.6×250mm,5μm) with the column temperature was 40℃,acetonitrile-water(8515)as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.0mL/min.Glycerol was detected by refractive index (RI) detector at 40℃.ResultsThe linear range of glycerol was 455.3916-2276.9580μg/mL(r=0.9999,n=7),the average recovery rate was 99.5%,RSD was 0.6%(n=9),the limit of detection(LOD) was 121ng and the limit of quantification(LOQ)was 364ng.ConclusionThe method was simple, rapid, strong specifity and accurate with good reproducibility, which is suitable for the content determination of glycerol in propofol medium and long chain fat emulsion injection.

The study on bioartificial liver support system was widely accepted in recent years. It's mainly containing material-hepatocytes. This summary is concerning about the research and application of hepatocytes in this field.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of parathyroid hormone and estrogen on alveolar bone metabolism of castrated female rats.

METHODSSixty-six female Wistar rats which were healthy and 4 months old were divided into two groups, with group SHAM (n = 18) and group ovariectomy (OVX) (n = 48). After 8 weeks of ovariectomy, the osteoporosis model was confirmed by examing 8 ovariectomized and sham-operated rats. The rest 10 rats in group SHAM were the control group (group A). The rest 40 rats in group OVX were divided into ovariectomized group (group B), ovariectomized and treated with estrogen (group C), ovariectomized and treated with parathyroid hormone (group D), ovariectomized and treated with estrogen and parathyroid hormone (group E) at random with 10 in each group. Group A and B injected physiological saline (1 mL x kg(-1)), group C injected estradiol benzoate (10 microg x kg(-1)), group D injected parathyroid hormone (20 microg x kg(-1)), group E injected parathyroid hormone (20 microg x kg(-1)) and estradiol benzoate (10 microg x kg(-1)). The intraperitoneal injection were maken every other day to rats in each group, which continued for 8 weeks. The bone mineral density (BMD), bone histomorphology and serum Ca, P, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured after therapy.

RESULTSAfter 8 weeks of ovariectomy, the lumbar BMD of ovariectomized rats were significantly declined compared with those of the sham-operated rats (P < 0.05). Eight weeks later after the drug use, the BMD, %Tb.Ar, Tb.Th, Tb.N in group C, D, E were slightly elevated compared to group B, especially the group E (P < 0.05). Serum calcium and phosphorus values did not change significantly (P > 0.05). ALP values in group B was significantly higher than that in group A (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONIntermittent application of parathyroid hormone in small doses can increase alveolar BMD of castration rats and improve their bone structure. And it can have synergy effects on the treatment of osteoporosis if it is used combining with estrogen.

Alkaline Phosphatase ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Estradiol ; analogs & derivatives ; Estrogens ; Female ; Osteoporosis ; Ovariectomy ; Parathyroid Hormone ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Rats, Wistar

To study the possible mechanism of Sisheng Decoction on spleen deficiency syndrome via the observation of general conditions, immunity and anti-stress function in Dahuang (Radix et Rhizoma Rhei Palmati)-induced mice model.

Objective To observe the effect of extracorporeal shock wave (ESW) on proliferation of chondrocyte in vitro. Methods Chondrocyte from normal rabbit knee using enzymatic digestion was treated with ESW of 0, 1×105, 1.5×105, 2×105, 2.5×105, 3×105, 3.5×105 Pa 0, 300, 600, 900 times in vitro. The pressure and frequency of ESW most promoting chondrocyte proliferation were determined with cartilage cell morphology, HE staining and CCK-8 assay. Results Chondrocyte proliferated most under 1.5×105 Pa and 600 times of ESW, and decreased as the pressure and the frequency increased. Conclusion Chondrocyte is stress-sensitive in vitro. ESW can promote chondrocyte proliferation in certain pressure and frequency

Objective To investigate the significance of MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression in upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma.Methods Paraffin specimens of 60 patients with upper urinary tract transitional epithelial carcinoma between January 2005 and January 2014 were analyzed.At the same time,5 cm normal tissue adjacent to the cancerous tissue specimens in 30 patients were taken for comparison.Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the tissue MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression,and the relationships between their expression with different pathological stage,differentiated degree and lymph node metastasis were analyzed.Results MTSS1 expression rate in normal tissue (100.0％,30/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (45.0％,27/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).E-cadherin expression rate in normal tissue (96.7％,29/30) was significantly higher than that in cancerous tissue (41.7％,25/60) and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of MTSS1 and E-cadherin in different pathological stage,degree and with or without lymph node metastasis had significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).In patients with well differentiated,low TNM stage and no lymph metastasis,MTSS1 and E-cadherin expression rate was higher (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant correlation between the expression of MTSS 1 and E-cadherin in cancerous tissue (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion In upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma detection of both MTSS1 and E-cadherin has important significance with regards to judging the malignant degree of the tumor,lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of curcumin on LPS-induced inflammation and the activation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4 )/NADPH oxidase/reactive oxygen species (ROS)signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs).Methods Primary VSMCs were cultured and divided into control group, LPS group,LPS + curcumin 5 μmol/L group,LPS + curcumin 10 μmol/L group and LPS + curcumin 30 μmol/L group.Cell activity was observed by MTT assay.The secretion of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interleukin-1 (IL-1)was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)kits.The mRNA expressions of TLR4 and p22phox were detected by real-time PCR.Expression of intracellular ROS was measured by flow cytometry. Results The activities of VSMCs were not significantly affected by curcumin at the concentration between 0 and 80 μmol/L.Curcumin (5,10 and 30 μmol/L)significantly inhibited LPS-induced oversecretion of TNF-αand IL-1, as well as overexpression of TLR4 and p22phox at the mRNA and protein levels,and ROS production in VSMCs in a concentration-dependent manner.Conclusion Curcumin has a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on the secretion of inflammatory cytokine,overexpressions of TLR4 and p22phox,and production of ROS in VSMCs stimulated by LPS.Furthermore,curcumin may partly depend on TLR4/NADPH oxidase/ROS signaling pathways to inhibit inflammation in LPS-induced VSMCs.

Objective To analyze the distribution and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE)of pathogenic bacteria causing infectious diarrhea in a district of Beijing from 2011 to 2013,and provide basis for tracing infection sources.Methods A total of 1 179 stool specimens of infectious diarrhea from patients in a diarrhea outpatient department from January 2011 to December 2013 were collected,all isolated pathogens were identified by serotyping and PFGE analysis.Results 330 enteric pathogens were isolated from 1 179 specimens,the top 4 bacteria were Shi-gella spp .(28.18%,n=93),Salmonella spp .(20.91 %,n=69),Vibrio parahaemolyticus (13.33%,n =44),and diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (3.33%,n = 11 ).18 Shigella sonnei isolates were identified as 8 PFGE patterns, clustering similarity was close to 88%;69 Salmonella spp .strains belonged to 18 serotypes and 41 PFGE patterns, Salmonella senftenberg and Salmonella enteritidis had dominant patterns;no dominant PFGE patterns were obviously identified among 23 strains ofVibrio parahaemolyticus .Conclusion The serotypes and PFGE patterns of pathogenic bacteria in infectious diarrhea in past three years showed a wide distribution characteristics,the dominant PFGE patterns of Salmonella spp .and Shigella spp .need to be paid more attention,and outbreak of infectious diarrhea caused by Salmonella spp .and Shigella spp .should be alerted.