Objective To study the effects of ulinastatin on proinflammatory cytokine and oxygen free radicals during acute lung injury in rabbits. Methods Eighteen health New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into 2 groups: oleic acid group(n=9) and ulinastatin group(n=9). The rabbits of oleic acid group were intravenously injected analytical pure oleic acid(0.12ml/kg) to set up a model of acute lung injury. The rabbits of ulinastatin group were intravenously injected ulinastatin 50000u/kg before injecting oleic acid and received intravenous infusion of ulinastatin 5000u?kg -1 ?h -1 after injecting oleic acid. Before injecting oleic acid and 1h, 2h, 3h and 4h after injecting oleic acid,venous blood samples were taken to determine the concentration of plasma IL-8, MDA and active oxygen,and arterial blood samples were also taken for gas analysis. Results The concentration of IL-8, MDA and active oxygen and PaCO 2 gradually increased,and PaO 2 gradually decreased after injecting oleic acid in the both groups of rabbits. The changes of the above indices in the oleic acid group were larger than those in the ulinastatin group, and the difference between the two groups was significant. Conclusion Ulinastatin inhibited the release of proinflammatory cytokine and reduced the production of oxygen free radicals during acute lung injury.

Objective To analyze the influencing factors for fungal infection in hospitalized patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),and provide basis for taking preventive and control measures.Methods Clini-cal data of 112 inpatients with AIDS in a tertiary first-class hospital from January 2010 to October 2015 were ana-lyzed retrospectively,related risk factors were analyzed in patients with fungal infection,univariate analysis was performed byχ2 or t test,and multivariate analysis was performed by logistic regression analysis.Results Among 112 AIDS inpatients,41 (36.61%)had fungal infection.Candida albicans was the main pathogen (n=52, 76.74%)and was mainly isolated from lower respiratory tract (n=29,42.65%).Univariate analysis showed that invasive procedures,duration of antimicrobial use,combined antimicrobial use,and decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood were risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients(all P<0.05),while oral cleaning care and systemic antiviral therapy were protective factors for fungal infection(all P<0.05);multivariate analysis showed that decreased CD4+ T lymphocyte count in peripheral blood(OR,1.017[95% CI,1.009-1.025])and combined antimicrobial use(OR,3.975[95%CI,1.093-14.448])were independent risk factors for fungal infection in AIDS inpatients,while systemic antiviral therapy was independent protective factor for fungal infection (OR, 0.288[95%CI,0.099-0.841]).Conclusion There are many factors influencing fungal infection in AIDS patients, rational use of antimicrobial agents,systemic antiviral therapy,and increasing serum albumin concentration are main methods to prevent fungal infection,avoid unnecessary invasive procedures and application of preventive antifungal therapy for high-risk patients are also effective to prevent fungal infection.

Objective To explore the risk factors of mortality in neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia. Method The clinical data of 249 neonates with severe bacterial pneumonia from January 2011 to November 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and the related factors of mortality were analyzed. Results Of the 249 children, 45 died and mortality rate was 18.07%. A total of 251 strains of pathogenic bacteria were detected in the bacterial culture, and the top 5 pathogens were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus epidermidis. Univariate analysis showed that the gestational age, premature rupture of membranes, age at the time of hospital admission, birth weight, feeding, Apgar score, total bilirubin, complications, traumatic treatment, parenteral nutrition, and multidrug-resistant bacteria infection between the death group and survival group were significantly different (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the age at admission <7 days (OR=4.30, 95%CI: 1.74～10.64), Apgar scores <7 (OR=3.24, 95%CI: 1.23～8.49), and having complications (OR=6.81, 95%CI: 2.65～17.46), multidrug-resistant bacteria infection (OR=6.16, 95%CI: 1.90～19.99) and traumatic therapy (OR=3.82, 95%CI: 1.03～14.16) were the independent risk factors of mortality in neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia (all P <0.05). Conclusion The mortality rate of neonatal severe bacterial pneumonia is relatively high. And the main risk factors of death were the age at admission <7 days, Apgar scores <7, and having complications, multidrug- resistant bacteria infection and traumatic therapy.

Objective To investigate the correlation between carotid artery plaque and blood pressure variability (BPV) in elderly patients with hypertension.Methods One hundred sixty elderly patients with hypertension were divided into plaque and non-plaque groups according to the results of carotid artery ultrasonography.All the patients were measured by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring.The mean blood pressure,mean pulse pressure,and blood pressure variability coefficient of two groups were calculated and compared during whole day,daytime,and nighttime.The related factors of carotid artery plaque were analyzed by multivarite logistic regression analysis.Results The 24 h systolic blood pressure standard deviation,daytime and nighttime of systolic blood pressure standard deviation,daytime diastolic blood pressure standard deviation of plaque group were higher than those of non-plaque group (P ＜ 0.05).The 24 h systolic blood pressure variation (24 h SBPV) and night systolic blood pressure variation (nSBPV) were higher than those of non-plaque group (P ＜0.01).Multivariate regression analysis results showed that carotic artery plaque was associated positively with 24 h BPV and blood pressure variability coefficient of nighttime (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The elderly hypertensive patients with carotid artery plaque is associated positively with 24 h systolic blood pressure variability coefficient and blood pressure variability of nighttime.

Objective To analyze risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods The clinical data from 284 hospitalized pediatric patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to July 2015 . The differences between 59 cases with multiple drug-resistant infections and 225 cases with non-multiple drug-resistant infections were compared and analyzed by logistic regression. Results All of 284 cases were single birth. Fifty-nine cases ( 13 . 13 ± 9 . 03 days old) had multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 42 were males and 17 were females. Two hundred and twenty-ifve cases ( 14 . 21 ± 8 . 34 days old) had non-multiple drug-resistant infections, in which 175 cases of males and 50 cases of females. Single factor analysis showed that 8 factors, including gestational age, birth weight, days in hospital, Apgar score at birth, mechanical ventilation, parenteral nutrition, and the categories and duration of use of antimicrobial agents, were the risk factors of multiple drug-resistant infections (P?

Objective To analyze the risk factors of multiple drug resistant bacterial infections in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and provide guidance for disease control and prevention. Methods Clinical data of 814 COPD patients were retrospectively analyzed from June 2011 to May 2015, including patient's age, gender, smoking history, age of onset, severity, aggravated frequency, duration of exacerbations, diabetes mellitus, complications, use frequency and use duration of glucocorticoid, use frequency of antimicrobial agents and use duration of each time, types of antimicrobial drugs used, combined with antibacterial drugs, plasma albumin concentration, blood glucose, bacteria culture detection of multi drug resistant bacteria infection. The risk factors of multi drug resistant bacteria infection were analyzed. Results A total of 857 pathogenic bacteria were isolated from 814 COPD patients with pulmonary infection. Multiple drug resistant bacteria infection were detected in 170 cases, and 175 strains (20.42%) were detected. The detection rate of multi drug resistant/PAN resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa (MDR/PDR-PA) was 55.38% (36/65). There were significant differences in patients with multi drug resistant bacteria infection between different clinical pathological characteristics. Logistic regression analysis showed that the acute exacerbation duration (days), long time use of antimicrobial drugs, and high frequency of corticosteroids and antibiotics use were independent risk factor of multi drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients. Conclusion Prevention and treatment of multiple drug resistant bacteria infection in COPD patients should pay attention to the combination of community and hospital, and take effective measures to prevent and control the risk factors.

Objective To assess the efficacy of Ezscan in evaluating the risk of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in diabetes. Methods This study included 144 patients with diabetes. Their serum lipid profile and HbA1c were determined. The heart rate variability was assessed by Holter, and the cardiac autonomic neuropathy by classic experiments. Meanwhile, Ezscan was carried out. Results There was a positive correlation between low frequency (LF) measurements by Holter and Ezscan score( r=0. 39, P＜0. 01 ), so did LF/HF and Ezscan score( r=0. 28, P＜0. 01 ). Correlations between Ezscan score and other Holter parameters were weaker. There was no correlation between HbA1c and LF measurements. In patients with positive classic experiments, the sensitivity and specificity of Ezscan were 58. 3% and 57.8% respectively. Conclusions Ezscan test is a valuable screening procedure for detecting diabetic complications. It is more facilitative and takes shorter time than does the classical autonomic function assessment.

Objective To construct estrogen receptor α (ERα)trans-activation system. Methods The full length ERα and its different function regions [ ( transcriptional activation function 1 ( AF1 ), DNA inding domain ( DBD), and transcriptional activation function 2 ( AF2 ) ] were amplified from pcDNA3 -ERα by PCR and cloned into the pGAL vector. The expressions of the recombinant plasmids constructed were detected via immunoblotting. The 293T cells transfected with recombinant plasmids of full length ERα, its different function regions and empty vector were divided into 5 groups; each group was divided into 2 parts which were treated with or without estrogen (E2). The transcriptional activity of each group was detected in 293T cells after the recombinant plasmid was co-transfected with 0. 2 μg of estrogen receptor element luciferase(ERE-LUC) and 0. 1 μg of plasmid expressing β-galactosidase and treated with or without 10 nmol/L E2 for 24 hours. Results The full length ERα and its different function regions were expressed in the 293T cells. Compared with the empty pGAL vector, the transcription activities of full length ERα, AF1, AF2 and DBD recombinant plasmids were raised about 20. 44±1.01, 2. 09±0. 11, 8. 09±0. 30 and 1.05±0. 09 fold, respectively, with the induction of E2 after transfection in the 293T colls. Conclusion The trans-activation system of ERα has been successfully established.

Objective To compare the efficacy of bowel-cleansing,patients′compliance, tolerability and side effects of different doses of polyethylene glycol(PEG)electrolyte solution for colonoscopy preparation.Methods Single-blind prospective randomized trial was performed.A total of 100 inpatients undergoing elective colonoscopy were randomized into three groups to receive 4 L PEG(n =35),2 L PEG (n =31)or 2 +1 L PEG(n =34),respectively,on the day of colonoscopy from May to July 2014.Bowel-cleansing efficacy was separately assessed with the Ottawa Scale for the right,middle,and left colon.Total score was obtained by adding the scores for individual evaluation of the three colon segments with the score of overall fluid in the entire colon.All patients filled in a questionnaire and were interviewed about their com-pliance to the assigned bowel preparation,tolerability,and side effects.Results Patients who did not complete the colonoscopy were excluded.A total of 91 patients were included in the last analysis:31 cases of 4 L group,30 cases of 2 L group and 30 cases of 2 +1 L group.The efficacy of bowel-cleansing of the three groups of patients according to the Ottawa Scale were similar(P >0.05),but the excellent and good rate of cleansing quality of the right colon was higher in 4 L group than in 2 L group(P <0.05).Compared with 4 L group and 2 +1 L group,patients in the 2 L group had higher compliance and tolerability,as well as lower rate of side effects(P <0.05 ).Conclusion The efficacy and safety of taking 2 L polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution in bowel-cleansing on the day of colonoscopy is good and suitable for use.Taking 4 L polyethylene glycol electrolyte solution for bowel preparation on the day of colonoscopy is more suitable for patients who are suspected highly with lesions of the right colon.

Aim To search for colchicine derivatives which have high efficacy and low toxicity. Methods Colchicine was firstly converted into thiocolchicine, and then it was hydrolyzed to get 7-(N-deacetylthiocolchicine). At last, 7-(N-deacetylthiocolchicine) was amidated to get the target compounds. The chemical structure of these new derivatives was confirmed with 1H NMR, IR, MS, and HR-MS. The cytotoxicity of the compounds was tested by MTT assay. Their in vivo antitumor activity was evaluated against mice tumor H22 and U14. Results Twelve thiocolchicine derivatives are new compounds. Conclusion In vitro antitumor activity has showed that some of these thiocolchicines possessed cytotoxic activity superior to colchicine. However, in vivo antitumor activity indicated that these derivatives have poor efficacy in mice.