Vitamin D works in the active form 1，25（OH） 2D 3 after binding to vitamin D receptor.Vitamin D deficiency is common in children with renal disease，and the abnormalities of vitamin D and its metabolic pathways are closely related to the occurrence and development of proteinuria and the deterioration of renal function.Vitamin D not only plays its classic role in maintaining calcium and phosphorus homeostasis，but also protects the kidney by improving the immune function of children，blocking the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system，preventing the occurrence and development of proteinuria，alleviating the damage of podocytes，and delaying renal interstitial fibrosis.Therefore，this article reviews the research progress of vitamin D and its receptor gene polymorphism and kidney disease，in order to serve the clinical practice.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) at"Changqiang"(GV 1) on expression of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in rats after acute spinal cord injury (ASCI), and to explore the mechanism of EA at"Changqiang"(GV 1) on ASCI.

METHODSTwenty-four adult female SD rats were randomly divided into an EA group, a model group and a sham operation group, 8 rats in each one. The rats in the sham operation group were treated with laminectomy to expose the spinal cord without any strike. The rats in the model group and EA group were treated with modified Allen's method to establish ASCI model. After model was established, the rats in the EA group were treated with EA at"Changqiang"(GV 1), once a day for continuous 7 days. The rats in the sham operation group and model group were treated with immobilization, once a day, without any other interventions. The basso beattie bresnahan (BBB) was evaluated 1, 3, 5, 7 days after operation. 7 days after operation, the rats were sacrificed with perfusion and the spinal cord was embedded with paraffin. The morphological changes of spinal cord and neuron were observed by Nissl's staining method; the expressions of NGF and BDNF were detected by immune fluorescence method.

RESULTS3 days, 5 days and 7 days after operation, the BBB scores in the EA group were higher than those in the model group (<0.05, <0.01). The Nissl's staining indicated the gray matter of spinal cord was butterfly-shaped with complete structure and clear boundaries between the gray and white matter; the tabby-shaped Nissl bodies were observed in cytoplasm. There were incomplete gray nucleus, big and saturate local stasis plaque. Compared with the model group, the smallerarea of blood stasis, less severity of neuron edema, better morphology of neuron and no vacuole change were observed in the EA group. The immune fluorescence results indicated the expressions of NGF and BDNF in the model group and EA group were higher than those in the sham operation group (all <0.01); the expressions of NGF and BDNF in the EA group were higher than those in the model group (both <0.01).

CONCLUSIONEA at"Changqiang"(GV 1) could improve the expression of NGF and BDNF and increase the score of BBB in rats with ASCI, which is beneficial to the repair of ASCI.

Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; metabolism ; Electroacupuncture ; Female ; Nerve Growth Factor ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Spinal Cord Injuries ; therapy

OBJECTIVEBased on rehabilitation training, to observe the clinical effect difference between pricking combined with cupping and western medication for elbow flexion spasticity of upper limb of stroke patients.

METHODSSixty patients were randomly assigned by SPSS software random number generator into a comprehension group and a western medication group, 30 cases in each one. Rehabilitation was used in the two groups. Pricking and cupping were applied at the affected abdominal center of biceps brachii muscle on Tuesday and Friday continuously for 4 weeks in the comprehensive group. Baclofen was prescribed orally continuously for 4 weeks, once 10 mg and 3 times a day in the western medication group. The indexes were observed before and after 4-week treatment as well as at immediate treatment, immediately after the first treatment in the comprehension group and 24 h after treatment in the western medication group, including the affected elbow joint activity, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), simple Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA), integrated electromyogram (IEMG) of the affected biceps brachii and triceps brachii. The clinical effects were evaluated.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the elbow joint activity in the two groups was improved compared with that before treatment (both＜0.05), with better result in the comprehension group (＜0.05). There was no statistical significance for MAS and FMA scores at immediate treatment between the two groups (both＞0.05). After treatment, the MAS score decreased and the FMA score increased in the two groups (both＜0.05), with better results in the comprehension group (both＜0.05). At immediate treatment and after treatment, biceps brachii IEMG decreased in the two groups (all＜0.05). The biceps brachii IEMG in the comprehension group at the immediate treatment was higher and that after treatment was lower compared with those in the western medication group (both＜0.05). The triceps brachii IEMG at immediate treatment was not statistically different from that before treatment in the comprehension group (＞0.05) and that in the western medication group decreased (＜0.05). After treatment, the triceps brachii IEMG increased in the two groups (both＜0.05), with higher IEMG in the comprehension group (＜0.05). The total effective rate was 83.3% (25/30) in the comprehensive group, which was higher than 60.0% (18/30) in the western medication group (＜0.05). .

CONCLUSIONPricking and cupping combined with rehabilitation training can reduce the IEMG of the biceps brachii muscle in patients with stroke, and improve the spasticity and motor function.