Objective:To comprehensively analyze the medical resources and services supply in the cancer field of China.Methods:Data of 2018 were sampled from 41 tertiary public cancer hospitals in China, and the factor analysis method was used to extract common factors in resources or services, scoring respectively. Pearson correlation analysis was used in the collinearity test of the variables of both groups of common factors, while the second-order clustering method was used to analyze characteristic differences between the hospitals, and category difference was compared with t test. Results:Resource evaluation covered the two dimensions of basic resources(medical service and basic assurance resources)and high-end resources(high-end talents and academic resources). Service evaluation covered the two dimensions of medical service assurance(clinical services and basic assurance)and disciplinary sphere of influence(discipline construction and clinical efficiency). The factor of basic manpower and beds was significantly correlated with that of medical service and basic assurance( r=0.811, P<0.001), while the factor of high-end talents and academic resources was significantly correlated with that disciplinary construction and resource efficiency( r=0.906, P<0.001). The second-order cluster analysis found the 41 cancer hospitals as two categories, with the first category of five in Guangdong, Shanghai, Beijing and Tianjin, and the second category of the rest 36 hospitals. Significant differences were found between the two categories in terms of resource scoring, service scoring, high-end resources and disciplinary sphere of influence( P<0.001). Meanwhile, the GDP per capita of the cities in which these hospitals are located also had significant differences( P<0.001). Conclusions:Development of public tertiary cancer hospitals in China was imbalanced, as their differences were mainly found in levels of disciplinary development and efficiency of clinical services, which were closely related to the high-end talents and academic resources of the hospital in question.Furthermore, high quality medical care was mostly located in regions of higher development. The authors recommend to take a balanced consideration of the differences and distribution of cancer care services in China, in terms of performance classification of public hospitals and establishment of regional cancer centers of the country.