Objective To evaluate the function of motor nerve in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy (DPN) by estimating the motor units.Methods Fifty-four patients with DPN were divided into two groups according to the nerve conduction abnormality of ulnar nerve.The paresthosia group only included patients of 33 patients (20 male, 13 female) with abnormal sensory conduction.The admixture group included 21 patients (13 male, 8 female) with abnormal motor sensory conduction.The control group included 42 healthy people.A Keypoint4 electromyogram device was used to estimate the motor units of hypothenar muscle, and the fasting blood glucose and the duration of diabetes mellitus were documented.Results The motor units of hypothenar muscle in paresthesia group, admixture group and control group was 97.1±47.6, 63.3±22.3, 173.0±75.5 (F=21.259, P=0.000) respectively.The hypothcnar muscle motor units(84.0±42.8) in 54 patients with DPN had negative correlation (r=-0.414, P=0.002) with the duration of diabetes mellitus (1 month to 26 years) and had no evident correlation with fasting blood glucose (5.0-20.4 mmol/L).Conclusion There is clinical motor nerve damage in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy, and the loss of motor units is impacted by the duration of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To evaluate the significance of color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with the detection of bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Blood BMP-7 level was tested in 90 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 30 controls,and parameters of renal blood flow were measured by color Doppler ultrasound examination.Blood BMP-7 level as well as resistant index(RI)of segmental renal artery(SRA)and interlobar renal artery(IRA),were compared between these two groups.Results Compared with controls,blood BMP-7 level gradually decreased with the aggravation of diabetic kidney damage(P＜0.01).The peak systolic velocity(Vmax)and the end diastolic velocity(Vmin)of SRA and TRA were slowed gradually,while RI increased(P＜0.01).Blood BMP-7 level was negatively correlated with IRA's and SRA's RI of IRA and SRA(r =-0.603,P＜0.01;r =-0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with detection of BMP-7 might play an important role in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multi-tomographic imaging mode of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with surface imaging in diagnosing and staging bladder tumors.Methods Seventy-five patients were examined with three-dimensional ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound.In addition,54 cases were undergone preoperative multislice spiral CT.All cases were proved by pathology after operation.Results The qualitation accuracy in the diagnosis of bladder tumor with two-dimensional ultrasound was 93.3%(70/75) and that of three-dimensional ultrasound was 98.7%(74/75).The staging accuracy rates with two-dimensional ultrasound and three-dimensional ultrasound were 83.5%(106/127) and 93.2%(123/132) respectively.The difference of bladder tumor staging between three-dimensional ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound was significant (P＜0.05).The qualitation accuracy in the diagnosis of bladder tumor with CT was 90.7%(49/54).The preoperative staging rate of CT was 79.7%(59/74),compared with that of three-dimensional ultrasound,the difference was significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions Multi-tomographic imaging mode of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with surface imaging can provide useful information and makes an improvement in detecting and staging bladder tumors.

Objective To explore the role of cell apoptosis pathway in alcoholic pancreatitis.Methods C57BL/J mice were divided into control group (NC) and Alcohol group (AC),Acute pancreatitis group (AP) and Alcoholic acute pancreatitis group(AAP).Alcohol treatment was 10％ w/v ethanol feeding for 2 d,15％ w/v ethanol for 5 d,and then 20％ w/v ethanol until 13 weeks.AP model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 50μg caerulein/kg body weight once an hour for a total of 7 times.Blood samples were collected for detecting serum amylase and lipase activity.Part pancreatic tissue was collected and the wet and dry weight were both measured to calculate the water content.The routine pathological exanination of the pancreatic tissues were conducted.The expression of apoptosis associated protein caspase3 and caspase8 was determined by Western blot.And cell apoptosis was determined using TUNNEL method.Results The level of serum amylase in NC group,AC group,AP group and AAP group were(3 630 ± 259),(3 196 ± 187),(35 955 ± 4607) and (53 607 ± 3 848) U/L;the level of serum lipase were (502 ± 41),(745 ± 42),(7 346 ± 665) and(12 764 ± 2 544) U/L;the water content were (70.2 ± 3.1) ％,(69.6 ± 2.0) ％,(78.2 ± 1.5) ％ and(85.0 ± 3.0) ％ and (12.75 ± 0.25);the expression of caspase3 were (1.017 ± 0.0784),(1.287 ± 0.097),(178 ± 0.07785) and (0.2443 ± 0.0243);the expression of caspase8 were (0.8289 ± 0.0096),(0.5985 ±0.0735),(1.27 ±0.08) and (0.145 ±0.015);the number of apoptotic cells were 1,6,214,97/10 high power field.The pathological score of pancreas injure in NC group,AC group,AP group and AAP group were 0,0,(7 ± 0.4) and (12.8 ± 0.3),respectively.Serum anylase,lipase,water content and pathological scores in AP group were obviously higher than those in NC group (P ＜ 0.05),which in AAP group were also obviously higher than those in AP group,and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Compared with NC group,the expressions of apoptosis associated protein caspase3 and caspase8 and the number of apoptotic cells were obviously increased in AP group,which were obviously higher than those in AAP group,but the expression of caspase3 and caspase8 in AAP group were decreased compared with NC group,and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic alcohol exposure may aggravate the severity of pancreatitis,and the inhibition of apoptosis pathway and the enhancement of acinar cell necrosis may be involved in this process.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of BTBD10 overexpression in the proliferation of insulinoma cell line INS-1and its mechanism. MethodsThe recombined expression plasmid of pcDNA4.0-BTBD10 was constructed by gene cloning technique and was transfected into INS-1 cell by lipofectamine 2000. The stable overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1cell was selected at 48th hour after transfection.INS-1 cell proliferation activity was measured by MTT method.The expression of BTBD10,protein kinase B(Akt),phospho-Akt(p-Akt),mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) were determined by Western blot.ResultsThe stable overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1 cell wassuccessfullyconstructed.OverproductionofBTBD10promotedbetacellproliferation.The phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was increased and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR was enhanced in the INS-1 overexpressed by BTBD10.But the expression of total Akt and mTOR presented no obvious changes. Conclusion The overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1 cell could activate of Akt/mTOR signalling pathway via stimulating phospho-mTOR and Akt,and enhance overall cell protein translation,so as to promote proliferation of INS-1 cell.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of phrenic nerve motor conduction (PNC)and motor evoked potentials of diaphragm elicited through magnetic stimulation (dMEP)in mechanical ventilation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:PNC and dMEP were performed in 10 COPD patients with regular mechanical ventilation(the duration of mechanical ventilation≤7 d),10 COPD patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation(the duration of mechanical ventilation＞7 d),and 10 healthy subjects(control group).Results:There were significant differences in the latency and the common logarithm of the amplitude of PNC,cervical dMEP and cortical dMEP between three groups before and after weaning(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).There were significant differences in central motor conduction time(CMCT)in three groups before and after weaning(P＜0.01).There was longer CMCT before weaning in two COPD groups than that of control group(P＜0.01).It showed no statistical difference in CMCT before weaning between two COPD groups(P＞0.05).There was a longer CMCT after weaning in prolonged mechanical ventilation than that of regular mechanical ventilation(P＜0.01).However,there was no statistical difference in CMCT after weaning between the regular mechanical ventilation group and the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:There were dysfunctions in the cortico-diaphragmatic pathway in COPD patients with mechanical ventilation,which may be aggravated by the prolonged mechanical ventilation.PNC and dMEP may help to define the cause of respiratory dysfunction in COPD patients with mechanical ventilation.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-96-5p(miR-96-5p)on expression of mam-malian target of rapamycin(mTOR)in gastric cancer cells. Methods Lentiviral vector,LV-hsa-mir-96-5p was transfected into BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. The expression of miR-96-5p and mTOR mRNA after transfection was detected by qRT-PCR,and the expression of mTOR protein was detected by Western blot. Results At 72 h after transfection,the expression level of miR-96-5p in the experimental group was 20.4 times of that in the blank control group(P<0.05),while the expression level of mTOR gene was downregulated to 0.47 times of that in the blank control group (P < 0.05),and mTOR protein relative expression was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-96-5p can downregulate the expression of mRNA and protein of mTOR gene in gastric cancer cells,thus,mTOR may be one of the downstream target genes of miR-96-5p.

Objective To investigate correlation between preoperative thyroid-related serological indicators and benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Methods Clinical data of 401 patients with thyroid nodules underwent surgical treatment in Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from January to December 2020 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the results of postoperative pathological examination,they were divided into benign group(129 cases)and malignant group(272 cases).Clinical data and preoperative thyroid-related serological indicators were compared between two groups.Results Age and preoperative serum thyroglobulin(Tg)level in malignant group were significantly lower than those in benign group,and proportion of males was significantly higher than that in benign group(P<0.05).The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve showed that preoperative serum Tg value of 35.41ng/ml was cut-off point for the risk factor of distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Subgroup analysis showed that serum Tg level in malignant group of patients≤40 years old was significantly lower than that in benign group,thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH)×thyroglobulin antibodies(TGAb),TGAb/thyroid peroxidase antibodies(TPOAb)values in malignant group of patients≤40 years old were significantly higher than those in benign group(P<0.05).Among patients over 40 years old,serum Tg level in malignant group was significantly lower than that in benign group(P<0.05).Serum Tg and TPOAb levels in malignant group of male patients were significantly lower than those in benign group(P<0.05).Serum Tg level in malignant group of female patients was significantly lower than that in benign group(P<0.05).ROC curve showed that preoperative serum TSH×TGAb value of 15.87,TGAb/TPOAb value of 1.06 were risk factor cut-off points for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules in young adults,and preoperative serum TPOAb value of 9.40IU/ml was risk factor cut-off point for distinguishing benign and malignant thyroid nodules in males.Conclusion Male,young age and decreased Tg value are independent risk factors for thyroid cancer.Serum Tg value has certain diagnostic value for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules.Decrease of preoperative serum TPOAb level is a risk factor for male thyroid cancer.Preoperative elevated TSH×TGAb and TGAb/TPOAb are independent risk factors for development of thyroid cancer in young adults.

Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a rigorous quasi-experimental method. Based on the randomness of the distribution of samples around the critical value, the data on both sides are used for regression respectively, so as to avoid the interference of potential confounding factors and provide strong evidence for the inference of causal correlation. This study introduces the RDD and its research progress, and expounds its application in detail combined with cases, in order to provide reference for the application of RDD in epidemiological research.

Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a rigorous quasi-experimental method. Based on the randomness of the distribution of samples around the critical value, the data on both sides are used for regression respectively, so as to avoid the interference of potential confounding factors and provide strong evidence for the inference of causal correlation. This study introduces the RDD and its research progress, and expounds its application in detail combined with cases, in order to provide reference for the application of RDD in epidemiological research.