Objective To evaluate the clinical value of multi-tomographic imaging mode of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with surface imaging in diagnosing and staging bladder tumors.Methods Seventy-five patients were examined with three-dimensional ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound.In addition,54 cases were undergone preoperative multislice spiral CT.All cases were proved by pathology after operation.Results The qualitation accuracy in the diagnosis of bladder tumor with two-dimensional ultrasound was 93.3%(70/75) and that of three-dimensional ultrasound was 98.7%(74/75).The staging accuracy rates with two-dimensional ultrasound and three-dimensional ultrasound were 83.5%(106/127) and 93.2%(123/132) respectively.The difference of bladder tumor staging between three-dimensional ultrasound and two-dimensional ultrasound was significant (P＜0.05).The qualitation accuracy in the diagnosis of bladder tumor with CT was 90.7%(49/54).The preoperative staging rate of CT was 79.7%(59/74),compared with that of three-dimensional ultrasound,the difference was significant(P＜0.05).Conclusions Multi-tomographic imaging mode of three-dimensional ultrasound combined with surface imaging can provide useful information and makes an improvement in detecting and staging bladder tumors.

Objective To evaluate the function of motor nerve in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy (DPN) by estimating the motor units.Methods Fifty-four patients with DPN were divided into two groups according to the nerve conduction abnormality of ulnar nerve.The paresthosia group only included patients of 33 patients (20 male, 13 female) with abnormal sensory conduction.The admixture group included 21 patients (13 male, 8 female) with abnormal motor sensory conduction.The control group included 42 healthy people.A Keypoint4 electromyogram device was used to estimate the motor units of hypothenar muscle, and the fasting blood glucose and the duration of diabetes mellitus were documented.Results The motor units of hypothenar muscle in paresthesia group, admixture group and control group was 97.1±47.6, 63.3±22.3, 173.0±75.5 (F=21.259, P=0.000) respectively.The hypothcnar muscle motor units(84.0±42.8) in 54 patients with DPN had negative correlation (r=-0.414, P=0.002) with the duration of diabetes mellitus (1 month to 26 years) and had no evident correlation with fasting blood glucose (5.0-20.4 mmol/L).Conclusion There is clinical motor nerve damage in patients with diabetic sensory neuropathy, and the loss of motor units is impacted by the duration of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To explore the role of cell apoptosis pathway in alcoholic pancreatitis.Methods C57BL/J mice were divided into control group (NC) and Alcohol group (AC),Acute pancreatitis group (AP) and Alcoholic acute pancreatitis group(AAP).Alcohol treatment was 10％ w/v ethanol feeding for 2 d,15％ w/v ethanol for 5 d,and then 20％ w/v ethanol until 13 weeks.AP model was established by the intraperitoneal injection of 50μg caerulein/kg body weight once an hour for a total of 7 times.Blood samples were collected for detecting serum amylase and lipase activity.Part pancreatic tissue was collected and the wet and dry weight were both measured to calculate the water content.The routine pathological exanination of the pancreatic tissues were conducted.The expression of apoptosis associated protein caspase3 and caspase8 was determined by Western blot.And cell apoptosis was determined using TUNNEL method.Results The level of serum amylase in NC group,AC group,AP group and AAP group were(3 630 ± 259),(3 196 ± 187),(35 955 ± 4607) and (53 607 ± 3 848) U/L;the level of serum lipase were (502 ± 41),(745 ± 42),(7 346 ± 665) and(12 764 ± 2 544) U/L;the water content were (70.2 ± 3.1) ％,(69.6 ± 2.0) ％,(78.2 ± 1.5) ％ and(85.0 ± 3.0) ％ and (12.75 ± 0.25);the expression of caspase3 were (1.017 ± 0.0784),(1.287 ± 0.097),(178 ± 0.07785) and (0.2443 ± 0.0243);the expression of caspase8 were (0.8289 ± 0.0096),(0.5985 ±0.0735),(1.27 ±0.08) and (0.145 ±0.015);the number of apoptotic cells were 1,6,214,97/10 high power field.The pathological score of pancreas injure in NC group,AC group,AP group and AAP group were 0,0,(7 ± 0.4) and (12.8 ± 0.3),respectively.Serum anylase,lipase,water content and pathological scores in AP group were obviously higher than those in NC group (P ＜ 0.05),which in AAP group were also obviously higher than those in AP group,and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜0.05).Compared with NC group,the expressions of apoptosis associated protein caspase3 and caspase8 and the number of apoptotic cells were obviously increased in AP group,which were obviously higher than those in AAP group,but the expression of caspase3 and caspase8 in AAP group were decreased compared with NC group,and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Chronic alcohol exposure may aggravate the severity of pancreatitis,and the inhibition of apoptosis pathway and the enhancement of acinar cell necrosis may be involved in this process.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of phrenic nerve motor conduction (PNC)and motor evoked potentials of diaphragm elicited through magnetic stimulation (dMEP)in mechanical ventilation of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods:PNC and dMEP were performed in 10 COPD patients with regular mechanical ventilation(the duration of mechanical ventilation≤7 d),10 COPD patients with prolonged mechanical ventilation(the duration of mechanical ventilation＞7 d),and 10 healthy subjects(control group).Results:There were significant differences in the latency and the common logarithm of the amplitude of PNC,cervical dMEP and cortical dMEP between three groups before and after weaning(P＜0.01 or P＜0.05).There were significant differences in central motor conduction time(CMCT)in three groups before and after weaning(P＜0.01).There was longer CMCT before weaning in two COPD groups than that of control group(P＜0.01).It showed no statistical difference in CMCT before weaning between two COPD groups(P＞0.05).There was a longer CMCT after weaning in prolonged mechanical ventilation than that of regular mechanical ventilation(P＜0.01).However,there was no statistical difference in CMCT after weaning between the regular mechanical ventilation group and the control group(P＞0.05).Conclusion:There were dysfunctions in the cortico-diaphragmatic pathway in COPD patients with mechanical ventilation,which may be aggravated by the prolonged mechanical ventilation.PNC and dMEP may help to define the cause of respiratory dysfunction in COPD patients with mechanical ventilation.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of BTBD10 overexpression in the proliferation of insulinoma cell line INS-1and its mechanism. MethodsThe recombined expression plasmid of pcDNA4.0-BTBD10 was constructed by gene cloning technique and was transfected into INS-1 cell by lipofectamine 2000. The stable overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1cell was selected at 48th hour after transfection.INS-1 cell proliferation activity was measured by MTT method.The expression of BTBD10,protein kinase B(Akt),phospho-Akt(p-Akt),mammal target of rapamycin (mTOR) and phospho-mTOR (p-mTOR) were determined by Western blot.ResultsThe stable overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1 cell wassuccessfullyconstructed.OverproductionofBTBD10promotedbetacellproliferation.The phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR was increased and the ratio of p-Akt/Akt and p-mTOR/mTOR was enhanced in the INS-1 overexpressed by BTBD10.But the expression of total Akt and mTOR presented no obvious changes. Conclusion The overexpression BTBD10 of INS-1 cell could activate of Akt/mTOR signalling pathway via stimulating phospho-mTOR and Akt,and enhance overall cell protein translation,so as to promote proliferation of INS-1 cell.

Objective To evaluate the significance of color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with the detection of bone morphogenetic protein-7(BMP-7)in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.Methods Blood BMP-7 level was tested in 90 patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and 30 controls,and parameters of renal blood flow were measured by color Doppler ultrasound examination.Blood BMP-7 level as well as resistant index(RI)of segmental renal artery(SRA)and interlobar renal artery(IRA),were compared between these two groups.Results Compared with controls,blood BMP-7 level gradually decreased with the aggravation of diabetic kidney damage(P＜0.01).The peak systolic velocity(Vmax)and the end diastolic velocity(Vmin)of SRA and TRA were slowed gradually,while RI increased(P＜0.01).Blood BMP-7 level was negatively correlated with IRA's and SRA's RI of IRA and SRA(r =-0.603,P＜0.01;r =-0.652,P＜0.01).Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasound examination of renal blood flow combined with detection of BMP-7 might play an important role in early diagnosis of type 2 diabetic nephropathy.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRNA-96-5p(miR-96-5p)on expression of mam-malian target of rapamycin(mTOR)in gastric cancer cells. Methods Lentiviral vector,LV-hsa-mir-96-5p was transfected into BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. The expression of miR-96-5p and mTOR mRNA after transfection was detected by qRT-PCR,and the expression of mTOR protein was detected by Western blot. Results At 72 h after transfection,the expression level of miR-96-5p in the experimental group was 20.4 times of that in the blank control group(P<0.05),while the expression level of mTOR gene was downregulated to 0.47 times of that in the blank control group (P < 0.05),and mTOR protein relative expression was significantly reduced compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Overexpression of miR-96-5p can downregulate the expression of mRNA and protein of mTOR gene in gastric cancer cells,thus,mTOR may be one of the downstream target genes of miR-96-5p.

Objective: To summarize and discuss the characteristics of endoscopic approach to manage the middle ear cholesteatoma, and to evaluate the operative safety and outcomes based on the data from the multicenter study. Methods: The data of 242 cases diagnosed with the middle ear cholesteatoma and received operation through endoscopic approach between June 2016 and June 2017 in six tertiary hospitals in China were analyzed in this work. There were 130 males and 112 females, with the age ranging from 3 to 72 years old. We evaluated the strategy about how to manage the cholesteatoma, discussed the detailed techniques about how to remove the cholesteatoma and to improve the efficiency under endoscopic visualization. Meanwhile, the recurrence rate and residual rate of cholesteatoma as well as the complications in endoscopic approach were summarized. Results: A total of 158 cases were operated in exclusively endoscopic transcanal approach, 72 cases operated in combined approach, and 12 cases operated majorly under microscope and minorly under endoscope. 219 cases were operated in one stage surgery, 23 cases received second look. In the second look, 3 cases were detected with residual cholesteatomas. Among them, 2 cases were found by MRI-DWI examination after the first-stage operation. With endoscopic examination after operation, 17 cases showed retracted pocket recurrence (7%,17/242). With introduction of endoscope in cholesteatoma, 153 cases were achieved canal wall-up operation (63%, 153/242). The complications in endoscopic approach included chord tympani never injury in 27 cases, skin injury of ear canal in 11 cases, tinnitus in 13 cases, vertigo in 7 cases, external ear canal stenosis in 1 case. Conclusions Using otoendoscope in cholesteatoma surgery would help keeping the normal structures of middle ear as much as possible, benefit to remove the hiding pathologies, help reducing residual cholesteatoma and lowering the rate of canal wall-down operation as well. This study showed good safety of otoendoscopic cholesteatoma surgery, however, strict evaluation of indication and quite good surgical techniques and skills are necessary for avoiding unexpected complication.

Objective: To explore the efficacy of ossiculoplasty surgery under oto-endoscope in patients of conductive hearing loss with intact tympanic membrane. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted. The clinical data of 45 patients with conductive hearing loss who had undergone simple ossiculoplasty surgery between October 2015 and December 2017 from five hospitals in China (West China Hospital of Sichuan University, General Hospital of the People′s Liberation Army, Shanghai Ninth People′s Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University and Shenzhen Sixth People′s Hospital) were collected. There were 28 males and 17 females, with the age ranging from 12 to 69 years old. The tympanic membranes of those patients were intact before surgery. The lesion only occurred in the ossicular chain from CT and intraoperative exploration. The cases of otosclerosis, tympanosclerosis, cholesteatoma of middle ear, chronic suppurative otitis media, and tumor of middle ear were excluded. The postoperative complications, hearing improvements and operation time were observed. SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistic analysis. Results: There was neither sensorineural hearing loss nor facial paralysis after surgery in this group. Seven patients had transient mild tinnitus after surgery and gradually relieved during the follow-up period. Nine patients developed dysgeusia after surgery. Two patients developed dizziness after surgery, and the symptoms were mild and relieved during 1 week without special intervention. The air-bone gap (ABG) range of pre-operation was 22.5-45.7 dB, and the average ABG was (25.3±8.6) dB. The ABG range in the third month after surgery was 5.7-26.8 dB, and the average ABG was (9.3±8.6) dB. The mean value of ABG was significantly lower in the third month after surgery compared with that of pre-operation (t=2.31, P<0.05). The operation time of the surgeons in each research center was similar. The overall average of operation time was (43.56±18.25) min. There was no significant difference in the duration of operation between the centers (F=3.26, P>0.05). Conclusion The ossiculoplasty surgery under oto-endoscope has good efficacy.

Objective: To analyze the therapeutic effect of endoscopic myringoplasty. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 523 patients with chronic otitis media who underwent endoscopic myringoplasty between June 2016 and June 2017 in eight tertiary hospitals in China. Among all the patients, 256 were male and 267 were female, aged from 18 to 68 years old. The grafts used to repair the tympanic membrane were all tragus cartilage-perichondrium complex. All patients were followed up at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, and 12 months after surgery, at least 3 months. The closure rate of tympanic membrane perforation by different factors, the hearing results, and the incidence of postoperative complications were analyzed. SPSS 21.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: Three months after operation, the closure rates of anterior, inferior, posterior and subtotal perforation were 92.4% (109/118), 94.9% (93/98), 95.6% (129/135), and 89.0% (153/172) respectively, the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=5.779, P=0.123). The closure rates of small, medium and large perforations were 100.0% (82/82), 93.7% (178/190) and 89.2% (224/251) respectively. The difference was statistically significant (χ²=10.927, P=0.004). The closure rates of dry ear and wet ear tympanic membrane perforation were 93.1% (392/421), 90.2% (92/102), the difference was not statistically significant (χ²=1.011, P=0.915). The preoperative pure tone audiometry(PTA) was (38.4±5.3) dBHL, while, the 3-month postoperative PTA was (25.1±5.7) dBHL. The difference was statistically significant (t=39.079, P<0.001). The preoperative air bone gap (ABG) was (22.4±4.3) dB, while 3 months postoperative ABG was (9.1±3.8) dB. The difference was statistically significant (t=53.004, P<0.001). Of all 523 patients, 14 (2.7%) had middle ear infection, 8 (1.5%) had dislocated tympanic membrane, 12 (2.3%) had parageusia, 35 (6.7%) had tinnitus, 28 (5.4%) had hearing loss, 26 (5.0%) had vertigo,33 (6.3%) had reperforation, 2 (0.4%) had secondary cholesteatoma, and none had facioplegia. Conclusions Endoscopic myringoplasty is a safe and effective surgical method with good postoperative outcome.