Objective To investigate the expression pattern of microRNA (miRNA) in the kidneys of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats and to identify specific miRNA related to renal interstitial fibrosis (RIF).Methods Forty-eight male SD rats were divided into two groups:UUO group and sham-operated (Sham) group.Rats were sacrificed at 3,7 and 14 days after operation.Histologic changes were examined by Masson staining.Forty-eight selected miRNAs were examined by stem-loop real-time qPCR.Results At the 3rd day after operation,obstructed kidneys from operation rats showed mild edema in the interstitium and mononuclear cell infiltration.At the 7th day after operation,focal interstitial fibrosis was observed.At the 14th day after operation,fibrosis became more severe.The Sham kidneys showed no pathological changes.At the 3th day after operation,25 miRNAs were differentially expressed.At the 7th day after operation,24 miRNAs were aberrantly expressed,whereas 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed at the 14th day after operation (P＜0.05).Among these miRNAs,miR-132,miR-192,miR-194,miR-29c and miR-203 were consistently up-regulated or down-regulated in a time-dependent manner after operation.There were significantly correlations between the expression of five miRNAs and severity of tubulointerstitial injury (P＜0.05).Conclusions There are at least 20 miRNAs differentially expressed in the process of RIF induced by UUO.There are significantly correlations between the expression of miR-132,miR-192,miR-194,miR-29c and miR-203 and the severity of tubulointerstitial injury.They may be closely related to RIF.A further study is needed.

Objective To discuss the problem of upper respiratory tract infection presenting various clinical manifestations in adults thereby likely making misdiagnosis and to put forth the patients with the symptom of acute abdominal pain as examples in order to caution emergency physicians to avoid misdiagnosis and mistreatment.Methods Data of 58 adult patients with upper respiratory tract infection were collected from January 2010 to December 2011.The chief complain of these patients was acute abdominal pain.After analysis of data including clinical history,symptoms and signs,laboratory findings and medication,patients were divided into two groups post hoc:correctly diagnosed group (group A) and misdiagnosed group (group B).In group A,anti-chill medicine such as tylenol cold tablets (a compositus of paracetamol,pseudoephedrine hydrochloride,dextromethorphan and chlorpheniramine) was given to patients,while in group B,anisodamine (muscarine cholinergic blocker) and antibiotics were given instead of anti-chill medicine.The anti-chill medicine such as tylenol cold tablets would be given to patients of group B when abdominal pain was not released 8-48 hours after treatment.The course of treatment and outcome of patients in the two groups were observed.Results Of 28 patients in group A,27 had abdominal pain relieved or disappeared 2-3 hours after treatment and only 1 patient had abdominal pain lasted 12 hours after treatment.Of 30 patients in the group B,only 2 patients presenting the symptom of acute gastroenteritis got totally relived 2-3 hours after treatment,while the rest of 28 patients did not get rid of abdominal pain,or only had brief period of painlessness after anisodamine injection.Alternatively,8-48 hours later as Tylenol Cold Tablets was given to patients of group B,the abdominal pain was relieved or disappeared after 2-3 hours without recurrence in 2-48 hours.Conclusions Upper respiratory tract infection manifests diversely in adults,and acute abdominal pain could be a main clinical manifestation.Anti-chill medicine,such as tylenol cold tablets,has a noticeably therapeutic effect for acute abdominal pain caused by upper respiratory tract infection in adults,while anisodamine injection makes poor efficacy.

Objective: To observe theclinical effect of tuina reduction manipulation on leg length discrepancy and lumbosacral pain due to sacroiliac joint subluxation.
Methods: A total of 60eligible cases were randomly allocated into an observation group and a control group, 30 in each group. Cases in the observation group were treated with conventional tuina plus reduction manipulation of sacroiliac joint subluxation; whereas cases in the control group were treated with conventional tuina plus acupuncture. The clinical effects were observed after 10 times of treatment. In addition, the relapse rates were observed 2 months after treatment.
Results: The total effective rate in the observation group was 80.0%, versus 50.0% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.05). The relapse rate of lumbosacral pain in the observation group was 12.5%, versus 66.7% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.01). The relapse rate of leg length discrepancy in the observation group was 16.7%, versus 80.0% in the control group, showing a statistically significant difference (P<0.01).
Conclusion: Tuina reduction manipulation can obtain substantial therapeutic effect for leg length discrepancy and lumbosacral pain due to sacroiliac joint subluxation, coupled with a low relapse rate.

Objective To investigate the correlation between ADAM33 T1, S2 gene polymorphism and Bronchial asthma risk in china. Methods We retrived the relevant published studies about ADAM33 T1, S2 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma risk. Then we divided the population into Chinese and other Asian population. Odds ratio (OR) of Case group and control group was selected as the effect index. Stata 11.0 software was used to calculate heterogeneity test, ORs and 95%CI of two areas, and gave the forest plot and funnel plot of meta results. Results A total of 27 studies were included in this analysis,18 studies in ADAM33 T1 site were 3881 cases in case group, and 3780 cases in control group;and 14 studies in ADAM33 S2 site were 3222 cases in case group, and 3513 cases in control group. Additive model, dominant model, recessive model of ADAM33 T1 in Chinese had association with the susceptibility of bronchial asthma. The results were OR=1.488, 95% CI:1.002-2.167 in Additive model, OR=1.619, 95%CI:1.059-2.475 in dominant model;OR=2.523, 95%CI:1.910-3.333 in recessive model. Three models of ADAM33 T1 in other Asian country had no association with the susceptibility of Bronchial Asthma. Three gene model of ADAM33 S2 in Asian had no association with bronchial asthma susceptibility. Except ADAM33 T1 polymorphism in recessive model, other mode of T1, S2 had no publication bias in Chinese population. Conclusion There are association between ADAM33 T1 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma, but ADAM33 S2 gene polymorphism and bronchial asthma have no association in Chinese population.

Objective To explore whether IL-27 inhibited the pulmonary fibrosis through regulating the expression of TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model. Methods Forty male C57/BL6 mice were randomly divided into normal control group(group A),bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis group(group B),bleomycin+IL-27 group(group C)and bleomycin+IL-27 antibody group(group D) with 10 in each. Five mice in each group were sacrificed on days 7 and 28 after with intratracheal bleomycin. TGF-βR1,Smad1 and Smad3 in right lung tissue were measured by Western Blot. Results 1. In the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis model,the expression of TGF-βR1 was higher on days 7 and 28,which was inhibited by IL-27. 2. The expressions of p-Smad1 and p-Smad3 were highest in group D on days 7 and 28, but were lower in group C on day 7 than those in group B. Conclusion Exogenous IL-27 might alleviate pulmonary fibrosis through inhibiting the related protein phosphorylation in TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway.

As national strategic resources,traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) resource is the material basis for the pharmaceutical industry and health services.The high-efficiency utilization of TCM resource is a major strategic issue that realize the resource conservation and environment friendly recycling economy,guarantee the sustainable development of medicine.But currently,on one hand,the wild TCM resource was seriously damaged and in a serious shortage of stock,the cultivation variety was degenerated,the tending of endangered medicinal materials and the development of alternative varieties were faced many problems.On the other hand,the limited resources cannot be effectively utilized,which results in the waste of resources.Therefore,two ecological restricted resources,poria cocos and Chinese gall,were studied for comprehensive utilization of resources to explore the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resource as well as the pattern of sustainable development.We suggested that TCM resource should be taken into account as a whole for comprehensive utilization.We should especially pay attention to basic research for the sustainable development of TCM resource,discovery of bioactive substance,excavation and transformation for functional components,the use of biotechnology,the product development,the formation and extension of industry chain.So as the comprehensive exploitation and utilization of TCM resources and sustainable development would be realized.

OBJECTIVEThe aim of this study was to investigate the impact of air pollution on the number of pediatric outpatient and emergency room visits in January 2013.

METHODSHealth-related data was from a major hospital in Haidian,Beijing while related data on air pollution was from the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences. Data on weather was from the China Weather Website. Number of hospital outpatient visits per day during the haze period was compared to those from the previous year to get the increase of percentage. Concentration-response functions were estimated using generalized additive modeling with natural log link function, while multiple structural change test was used to determine the changing point in CRFs. Constrained piecewise linear function was used to estimate the risks for different segments of CRFs.

RESULTSThe peak of NO(X), SO₂, PM(2.5) and PM(10) reached 672.63 µ g/m³, 146.20 µ g/m³, 312.19 µ g/m³ and 995.00 µ g/m³, around 28 December 2012 and 10 January 2013. The peaks of visits to the pediatric department were observed at the some days, showing 47.75% and 34.14% of increase in the visits to the pediatric department. In the low or intermediate ranges of concentration, all the four air pollutants were significantly associated with pediatric outpatient visits, in the form of C- and S- shape of concentration-response function. However, in the range of high concentration, only PM(10) and SO₂were significantly associated with the number of visits to the pediatric emergency room, appeared as the J-shape form. Discernable thresholds were found in S- and J- shapes which were located at 200 µg/m³, 20 µg/m³, 40 µg/m³ and 100 µ g/m³ for NO(X), SO₂, PM(2.5) and PM(10), respectively.

CONCLUSIONAir pollution during the haze period was associated with the increase of pediatric outpatient and emergency room visits. There were different sensitive groups within the pediatric cases. Their susceptibility showed a decreasing trend from C-, S-, to J- shape related group.

Air Pollution ; adverse effects ; Child ; China ; epidemiology ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; utilization ; Humans ; Outpatients ; Weather