OBJECTIVE:To optimize the forming technology of Tongtong granules.METHODS:The category and ratio of the adjuvants were optimized taking moisture absorption percentage as index;the forming technology of Tongtong granules was optimized by orthogonal experiment with forming rate and moisture absorption percentage as indexes and with the ratio of extract to adjuvant,the concentration and amount of ethanol as factors.RESULTS:The optimal ratio of lactose to dextrin was 3:2.The optimal forming technology was as follows:the ratio of extract to adjuvant was 1:2;70%alcohol was used as the wetting agent with its amount at 12%(mL?g~(-1)).The Tongtong granules mobility enjoyed good flowability with a critical relative humidity of about 70%.CONCLUTION:The forming technology is feasible,stable,reasonable and reproducible and it serves as theoretic basis for industrial production.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the therapeutic effect and cost-effectiveness ratio between chuanhuning and rib?avirin in treatment of viral pneumonia.METHODS:63patients with viral pneumonia were divided into chuanhuning and rib?avirin groups and pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis was carried out.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:In treating viral pneumonia,there is a great disparity in price between chuanhuning and ribavirin,however,the costs of two groups were very close,and so were the cost-effectiveness ratios.Chuanhuning is better than ribavirin in paying.

OBJECTIVE: To enhance the standardization of prescription administration and to improve the prescription quality. METHODS: The administration method 6? was introduced. The five steps of defining, measuring, analyzing, improving and controlling (DMAIC) in 6? method were implemented step by step to realize the quality control on the prescriptions in outpatient service . RESULTS: The defective rates of prescriptions before and after the introduction of this method were18.75% and 5.78%, respectively(P

Objective: To observe the effect of Ginkgo Biloba extract (EGb) on Form deprivation Myopia (FDM) in the chick. Methods: 30 two day chicks were divided into three groups (Control Group, Drug Group Ⅰ, Drug Group Ⅱ). All of them were monocularly deprived by suturation of eyelids. Axial length was measured by A Scan ultrasonograph, the posterior cartilaginous sclera, the sclera fibrous and retina were observed under the light microscope. Results: Both refraction and axial eye length were changed by form deprivation in control group. refraction change ( P

With the rapid development of medicine,medical ethics and medical philosophy have also made a far step forward.Under the new historical conditions,they are endowed with a new scientific connotation,which is elaborated in the modern version of Hippocratic Oath.

OBJECTIVE:To reduce the error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs in pharmacy intravenous admixture service (PIVAS). METHODS:Using risk priority(RPN),the potential failure modes for links of homing the withdrawn drugs in PIVAS were evaluated by using failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) method. Combining with the links of homing the withdrawn drugs,the reasons for errors were investigated,the feasible scheme to reduce error rates was proposed and the intervention effect was evaluated after 3 months. RESULTS:In the PIVAS links of homing the withdrawn drugs,8 high-risk failure modes had been found in total,such as poor double check system(RPN was 100),unfamiliarity of seemingly drugs(RPN was 36),a large num-ber of the withdrawn drugs(RPN was 20),etc. Thus,risk control measures had been formulated,including reinforcing the double check system,optimizing the management system of PIVAS and so on. After 3 months of intervention management,RPN of the first 3 items were reduced to 20,16,8;error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs was reduced from 1.98% to 0.62%(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The application of FMEA management method in PIVAS of our hospital has reduced the error rate of homing the withdrawn drugs.

ObjectiveTo investigate the risk factors for unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge in cirrhotic patients with esophagogastric variceal bleeding undergoing transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt （TIPS）， and to construct a nomogram predictive model. MethodsA total of 241 cirrhotic patients who underwent TIPS due to esophagogastric variceal bleeding in Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School from January 2020 to June 2023 were enrolled as subjects， and unplanned readmission within 30 days was analyzed. According to the presence or absence of unplanned readmission， they were divided into readmission group with 36 patients and non-readmission group with 198 patients， and related clinical data were collected from all patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent risk factors for unplanned readmission. A nomogram prediction model was constructed， and the receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve was plotted to assess its discriminatory ability for unplanned readmission； the calibration curve was plotted to evaluate the consistency of the nomogram model in predicting unplanned readmission； the ResourceSelection package of R language was used for the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test to evaluate the degree of fitting of the mode； the decision curve analysis was used to investigate the practicality of the model. ResultsAge （odds ratio ［OR］=2.664， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.139‍ ‍—‍ ‍6.233， P<0.05）， CTP score （OR=1.655， 95%CI： 1.098‍ ‍—‍ ‍2.495， P<0.05）， and blood ammonia （OR=1.032， 95%CI： 1.016‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.048， P<0.05） were independent risk factors for unplanned readmission within 30 days after discharge in the patients undergoing TIPS. The multivariate analysis showed that for the nomogram predictive model constructed in this study， repeated sampling for 1 000 times using the Bootstrap method was performed for internal validation， and the area under the ROC curve was 0.773， which was significantly higher than that of age （0.582）， CTP score （0.675）， and blood ammonia （0.641）. The calibration curve showed good consistency between the probability of unplanned readmission predicted by the nomogram model and the actual probability， and the Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test showed good degree of fitting （c²=5.647 3， P=0.686 7）. ConclusionAge， CTP score， and blood ammonia are independent risk factors for unplanned readmission within 30 days after TIPS， and the nomogram prediction model constructed based on these factors can help to predict the risk of unplanned readmission in TIPS patients and provide an accurate decision-making basis for early prevention.