BACKGROUND: Intraocular contract lens (ICL) implantation emerges as a crystal refrangibilit operation to rectify and cure high myopia in recent years. Collagen, a new material, is consisted of collagen Ⅳ and aquagel in Starr Company. It is an ideal material for ICL; however, high price is restricted to its development at a certain degree.OBJECTIVE: To find out ideal method of collagen ICL implantation through animal experiment in rabbit eyes and evaluate intraocular biocompatibility by observing inflammatory reaction and variation of inflammatory mediators.DESIGN: Single exponent and opening study.SETTING: Department of Ophthalmology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University.MATERIALS: The experiment was carried out in Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Medical College of Shanghai Jiaotong University and Shanghai Nanyang Radio-immunity Testing Center from August 1999 to March 2000.Twenty New Zealand rabbits were divided into three groups according to randomly digital table: ICL implantation group (n=8), operative control group (n=6) and blank control group (n=6).METHODS: ① Right eyes of rabbits in ICL implantation group were suffered from ICL implantation and peripheral operation of iris [1]; however,right eyes of rabbits in operative control group were only suffered from peripheral operation of iris. After operation, hormone-antibioltic eyedrops were dribbled into eyes four times a day for total 10 days. At 1, 4 and 7days after operation, 2.5 mg dexasone + 40 000 U cidomycin were subconjunctivally injected into eyes. Rabbits in black control group did not receive any operation. ② At 1, 4, 7, 14 days and 1 month after operation,indexes of operative eyes in ICL implantation group and operative control group were measured including luctuation of intraocular pressure, damage of corneal endothelium, protein leakage in anterior chamber, depth of anterior chamber, hyphema, posterior synechiae of iris, ICL decentration and lens opacity. ③ At 1, 4, 7, 14 days and 1 month, samples of aqueous humor were aspirated from operative eyes of rabbits in ICL implantation group, operative control group and blank control group. Radioimmunoassay (RIA) was used to examine the concentration of prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2)in aqueous.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Results of reaction in anterior chamber at each time point before and after operation; ② results of PGE2 concentration of inflammatory mediators in aqueous humor after operation.RESULTS: All 20 rabbits were involved in the final analysis. ① Changes of intraocular pressure at each time point before and after operation: As compared with that before operation, intraocular pressure was not changed in ICL implantation group and operative control group at each time point after operation (P ＞ 0.05). ② Damage of corneal endothelium and leakage in anterior chamber after operation: ICL implantation group: Five eyes were shown as shallow anterior chamber at various degrees on the first day after operation, and recovered normally within 1 week; hemorrhage was observed in anterior ch amber of two eyes and absorbed after 2 weeks; two eyes had anterior and posterior synechiae of iris, respectively, and pupil was deformed slightly; ICL decentration at various degrees was observed in two eyes; point-like opacity was observed in anterior bursal membrane of crystal in one eye after 1 month. Operative control group: Leakage of grade 1-2 was observed in 6 eyes on the first day after operation and was absorbed within 1 week. Cornea was clearing, and hyphema, shallow anterior chamber, posterior synechiae of iris and lens opacity were not changed. ③ PGE2 concentration of inflammatory mediators in aqueous humor after operation:PGE2 oncentration was the highest in ICL implantation group at 1-4 days after operation, and then it was decreased gradually; however, PGE2 concentration was similar at 14 days and 1 month after operation (P＞0.05).CONCLUSION: There is no obvious occurrence of chronic uveitis in anterior chamber after ICL implantation. PGE2 concentration in anterior chamber is decreased gradually, and this suggests that a classic foreignbody granulomatous inflammation emerges after ICL implantation, which reflects a good tolerance of ICL for ocular tissue.

In order to investigate the effects of phenylalanine, tyrosine and tyramine on the growth of Lycoris radiata suspension cells and the accumulation of alkaloids, the growth quantity of the cells as well as the content of alkaloids in cells were determined, which were treated with above three kinds of precursors alone and phenylalanine combined with tyrosine respectively. The results indicate that the addition of phenylalanine alone and addition of phenylalanine on the basis of tyrosine at high concentration (200 micromol/L) had no significant effect on the growth of Lycoris radiata suspension cells and the content of alkaloids in cells; whereas tyrosine and tyramine promoted the growth of the cells and alkaloids accumulation. Treated with tyrosine at high concentration (200 micromol/L), the content of alkaloids of the cells was 2.56-fold higher than that of the control group, the amounts of lycoramine (3.77 mg/g) and galanthamine (4.46 mg/g) were 6.61-fold and 6.97-fold higher than that of the control group, respectively. When treated with tyramine (200 micromol/L), the amount of alkaloids in Lycoris radiata suspension cells was 2.63-fold higher than that of the control group, and the amounts of lycoramine (4.45 mg/g) and galanthamine (5.14 mg/g) were 9.08-fold and 9.18-fold higher than that of the control group, respectively. The above results demonstrate that adding tyrosine and tyramine in the media significantly promoted the growth of the Lycoris radiata suspension cells and alkaloids accumulation in the cells.
Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids ; chemistry ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Galantamine ; chemistry ; Lycoris ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Phenylalanine ; chemistry ; Plant Cells ; chemistry ; Plant Extracts

BACKGROUND: A new type of materials, Collamer, is polymerized with type V collagen and HEMA by Staar company, which is a good material for the establishment of intraocular contact lens(ICL). There is no similar material in our country.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biocompatibility of ICL made mainly by collagen-polymer in animals.DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Testing Center of Shanghai Institute of Biomaterial.MATERIALS: Our study was conducted in the Testing Center of Shanghai Institute of Biomaterial from January 2000 to April 2000. Cell strain: hearty L-929 cells(fibroblast of mouse) after 48-72 hours of passage; Twenty white guinea pig of either gender aged between 1 month and 3 months with a body mass between 300 g and 500 g; Seven healthy adult New Zealand rabbit of either gender(female rabbits were not required pregnant for pyrogenic reaction test) with a body mass between 1.7 kg and 3.0 kg or between 2.5 kg and 3.5 kg(experimental animals were obtained from Shanghai experimental animal center, ordinary grade).INTERVENTIONS: Collagen was used to perform the following biological tests: ① cytotoxicity test (cell growth rate); ② anaphylaxis test; ③ pyrogenic reactions test; ④ subcutaneous implant test. The data were analyzed and evaluated according to criteria.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Growth and proliferation of fibroblast in mice; ② Reactions of erythema and edema of every provocation site and every observatory time after the induction of intradermal injection and local patch test; ③ Increase of body temperature of the rabbit after the injection of the extraction of the material into auricle marginal vein; ④ Reactions around the materials after 4 weeks of collagen implantation in rabbits subcutaneously.RESULTS: ① Cytotoxicity test: relative growth rate of collagen group was 99％ to 106%, and the toxicity grade was level 0 - 1. ② Anaphylaxis test:there was no erythema or edema reaction at every provocation site at each time point of collagen group. The skin reaction to collagen-polymer was level 0. ③ Pyrogenic reactions test: the temperature increased in rabbit was below 0.6 ℃ and the total increase of the temperature was below 1.4 ℃ in rabbits. ④ Subcutaneous implant test: there was very little lymphocyte infiltration around the sample in both collagen group and control group with Level I inflammatory reaction. And the evaluation of the formation of fiber cyst was level I.CONCLUSION: Results of material biological evaluation tests demonstrate that this collagen-polymer has high biocompatibility, and can become an ideal material for ICL.

Objective:To explore the aging care willingness and requirements for long-term care services among elderlies with different activity of living(ADL).Methods:7 070 elderlies aged 60 years and above were subject to a questionnaire survey using stratified multistage random cluster sampling in three municipalities of Shandong province from August through September, 2017. Data information was obtained by a customized questionnaire and ADL scale. Rank sum test and multivariate logistic regression were used for statistical analysis.Results:According to the ADL scoring, the participants were divided into 3 groups: normal, decreased function, and dysfunction, with 5 467(77.3%), 1 283(18.2%), and 320(4.5%)people respectively. Elderlies with different ADL had different aging care willingness, and the difference was statistically significant( Z=8.704, P<0.05). The factors influencing long-term care services need varied with the degree of ADL. The willingness was a common factor for long-term care services needs of the three elderly groups. The age and living arrangements were factors among the normal ADL group. The living arrangements and chronic diseases were those among the decreased function group, and the education and self-rated economic status were those among the dysfunction group. Conclusions:The demand for long-term care service were diversified with the degree of ADL. Targeted interventions should be taken to meet the needs of elderlies of different ADL.

Objective:To compare and observe the curative effect of different body positions after pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) combined with inert gas filling for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD).Methods:A retrospective clinical study. From October 2019 to September 2021, 192 eyes of 192 RRD patients who were diagnosed and received PPV combined with inert gas filling in Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University were included in the study. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure, ultra-wide-angle fundus photography, optical coherence tomography, and B-mode ultrasonography were performed in all affected eyes. The BCVA examination was performed using a standard logarithmic visual acuity chart, which was converted into logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR) visual acuity during statistics. According to the post-operative position requirements, the affected eyes were divided into the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, with 97 eyes in 97 patients and 95 eyes in 95 patients, respectively. Age ( Z=0.804), course of disease ( Z=-0.490), eye type ( χ2=0.175), logMAR BCVA( Z=-0.895), intraocular pressure ( Z=0.178), lens status ( χ2=1.090), number of detached clocks ( Z=0.301) and macular involvement ( χ2=0.219), number of holes ( Z=-1.051) and number of lower holes ( χ2=0.619) were compared, there was no significant difference ( P>0.05). The gender composition ratio was compared, and the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.341, P<0.05). The follow-up time after surgery was more than 3 months. The retinal reattachment rate in one operation, the improvement of BCVA and the incidence of complications were observed. The independent sample Mann-Whitney test was used for the comparison of continuous variables between groups; the χ2 test was used for the comparison of categorical variables. Results:In the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, retinal reattachment in one operation was performed in 92 (94.8%, 92/97) and 89 (93.7%, 89/95) eyes, respectively; logMAR BCVA was 0.45±0.34, 0.41±0.21. There was no significant difference in the retinal reattachment rate in one operation ( χ2=0.120, P=0.729) and logMAR BCVA ( Z=-0.815, P=0.416) between the two groups. After surgery, the intraocular pressure increased in 11 (11.3%, 11/97) and 5 (5.3%, 5/95) eyes in the face-down positioning group and the adjustable positioning group, respectively; the secondary epimacular membrane was 2 (2.1%, 2/97), 3 (3.2%, 3/95) eyes. There was no significant difference in the incidence of elevated intraocular pressure and secondary epimacular membrane between the two groups after surgery ( χ2=2.320, 0.227; P=0.128, 0.634). Conclusion:It is safe and effective to adopt adjustable positioning after PPV combined with inert gas filling for RRD, which is equivalent to the effect of face-down positioning.