Objective To investigate the psycho-physiological characteristics of experimental tonic cold and heat pain in a behavioral study. Methods Sixty healthy subjects went through the tonic cold and tonic heat stimulation in a counter-balanced order. Psychological traits were measured before the experiment. Pain intensity ratings were recorded together with continuous Infrared thermal imaging recording. SF-MPQ was employed to assess pain intensity and affective measures. Results Anxiety and fear were positively correlated with cold pain intensity on SF-MPQ,while GESE was negatively correlated with that of heat pain (r =0.57,P <0.05; r =0.45,P <0.05,respectively). Verbal descriptors chosen from SF-MPQ for cold and heat pain significantly differed(χ2=18.6,P =0.04). Infrared thermal imaging results showed after stimulation,heat pain intensity ratings decreased simultaneously with skin surface temperature recovery to baseline. In contrast,skin surface temperature began to return to baseline well before the cold sensation began to diminish(t =34.57,P <0.05; t =23.66,P <0.05). Conclusion Experimental tonic cold and heat pain are not psychophysically identical,but may be predicted by different psychological traits,and may reside in differential peripheral and central processing in human.

Objective To investigate the gender differences and the effect of three factors(the angle of rotation, left/right,palm/back) on hand mental rotation. Methods 40 healthy adults (20 males and 20 females, age; 18～26 years) were enrolled in this study. By simulation of human hand as picture stimuli,participants were instructed to decide as quickly as possible whether the stimulus was a left or right hand. The accuracy rate and reaction time of the behavior task were quantified. Results ① the subjects' reaction speed was far slower at 180° than 0°(P＜0.01). ②On judgment of 0° back picture,females were faster than males(left back: males( 1033. 16 ±245.85) ms,females( 853.15 ± 142.79) ms,P=0.014; right back; males( 973.07 ±217.11) ms;,females (796.28 ±146.67 )ms, P = 0.016). And,the right hand was responded faster than left hand,with statistical significance (males; P = 0.028, females; P=0.038). ③The time of females in judging the 0° hand back ( left (853. 15 ± 142.79) ms,right (796. 27 ± 146. 67 ms) ) was shorter than palm(left ( 1002. 72 ± 227. 91) ms,right ( 986.06 ± 230. 03) ms), reached statistical significance ( both at P ＜ 0. 001). In contrast, males in judging the 180° pictures, the speed of reaction to back(left ( 1252. 70 ±269. 35) ms,right ( 1216. 68 ±293. 54 )ms) was slower than palm with statistical significance (left: P ＜ 0. 01, right: P = 0. 015). Conclusion The three factors (angle of rotation,left/right,and palm/back) all exert effect on the behavior of hand mental rotation. It really has gender difference on hand mental rotation. Females response faster than males.

Objective To investigate the effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on baseline eyes-closed brain activation and on pain-related EEG activity when TENS is applied contralatarally to the hand of pain. Method 128-channel electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded in four conditions including baseline,heat pain test,TENS stimulation and contralateral TENS modulation in 15 right-handed healthy young males. The Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire was employed to assess pain sensation. Fast Fourier Transformation analysis (FFT) was performed to calculate absolute EEG power spectra based on 7 bands spectrum. Results ① The fronto-central beta-1 activity was significantly enhanced by TENS compared to eyes-closed [eyes-closed:(290±201)μV2,TENS:(385±224)μV2,t=3.323,P<0.01].②TENS markedly relived pain sensation assessed by SF-MPQ and significantly increased the posterior-anterior alpha-1 power [pain:(332±221)μV2,TENS modulation:(378±243)μV2,t=3.683,P<0.01] and fronto-central and posterior beta-1 activities [pain:(348±213)μV2,TENS modulation:(397±240)μV2,t=2.362,P<0.05]. Conclusion TENS,used as a peripheral nerve stimulation,mainly activates sensorimotor cortex.The increased Alpha-1 activity implies that TENS is likely able to relieve pain affective.

[Objective] Compare the outcomes of vacuum extractors and forceps in assisted vaginal delivery.[Methods] One hundred and sixty-four pregnant women with operative vaginal delivery who received prenatal examination and delivered in our hospital were enrolled.Eighty-two women with vacuum extractors were assigned into vacuum extractors group,another eighty-two women with low or outlet forceps were assigned into forceps group.Occiput transverse or posterior position women before operative vaginal delivery were assigned into abnormal fetal position group.Compare the maternal and neonatal outcomes of vacuum extractors and forceps in assisted vaginal delivery.[Results] The vaginal laceration rate of forceps group was significant higher than vacuum extractors group (56.1％ vs 24.2％,P ＜ 0.01),but neonatal subscalp hematoma and hyperbilirubinemia rate were lower than vacuum extractors group (P ＜ 0.05).The vaginal laceration rate of abnormal fetal position forceps group was also higher than abnormal fetal position vacuum extractors group (76.5％ vs 22.2％,P ＜ 0.05),but neonatal hyperbilirubinemia rate was lower than abnormal fetal position vacuum extractors group (P ＜ 0.05).The Interval time from decision to delivery,postpartum hemorrhage volume with 24 hours,leukocyte and neutrophil count after 24 hours,asphyxia of newborn rate,intracranial hemorrahge,subgaleal hemorrahge,referral rate and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy did not significantly differ between vacuum extractors group and forceps group (all P ＞ 0.05).[Conclusions] Vacuum extractors can reduce the incidence of vaginal laceration rate,especial for abnormal fetal position,but increase the incidence of neonatal subscalp hematoma and hyperbilirubinemia rate.

Extracurricular activities are necessary to curricular study and significant in quality and practical ability education for medical students.Research and practice on how to improve the interest in extracurricular activities for medical students were carried out,and good results were achieved in the aspect of the development of teaching efficiency.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of cholangioenterostomy without stent tube drainage. (Methods) In this study 52 cases anastomosed without stent tube drainage (group A) and 56 cases with stent tube drainage (control,group B) were included. The patients′course of therapy and recovery, postoperative follow-up and reoperation were compared between group A and B. Results The rate of bile leakage was (5.8)% (3/52) in group A and 3.6%(2/56) in group B, respectively ,which was not significant(P

Objective To investigate the impact of different hepatic vascular inflow occlusion methods on hepatic parenchymal function in partial hepatectomy.Methods Between 2009 and 2010,62 hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients underwent partial hepatectomy.In 13 patients,partial hepatectomy was carried out without using any inflow occlusion (group A).In 29 patients intermittent Pringle's maneuver (group B) while in 20 patients selective hepatic inflow occlusion (group C) were used.Intraoperative indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15) was measured using pulse spectrophotometry before and during hepatectomy. Results (1) Blood loss in group A was greater than group B and C (P=0.016,P=0.001).(2) There was no significant difference in the preoperative ICGR15 values among group A,B and C.The intraoperative ICGR15 for group B was significantly higher than group A and C (P=0.011,P=0.030).(3) A significant correlation was found between the level of ICGR15 and total inflow clamp time (r =0.484,P =0.001) and blood loss (r=0.349,P=0.005),respectively.(4) Compared with group A and B,postoperative liver function recovered significantly faster in group C.Conclusion Selective hepatic inflow occlusion was useful in controlling blood loss and it was beneficial to the hepatic functional reserve in the liver remnant.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is an infectious disease that affects the inner surface of the heart. Its first symptom often manifests as a localized neurological deficit, which can conceal the diagnosis of IE and delay the treatment. Here is a report of a severe case of IE with complicated central nervous system complications admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University, so as to improve clinicians′ attention to the diagnosis and treatment of such conditions.

Objective:To explore the impacts of workload and expected income index on the salary satisfaction of medical staff at public hospitals.Methods:From October 15th to November 10th, 2020, the salary system reform monitoring questionnaire for medical staff in public hospitals formulated by development center for medical science & technology National Health Commission was adopted to evaluate the workload, actual income, expected income and salary satisfaction of 120 pilot public hospitals for salary reforms in 21 cities (prefectures) in Sichuan province. The questionnaire survey was conducted among 8 651 medical staff of these hospitals. Descriptive analysis was carried out on the results of the questionnaire; the ratio of expected income to actual income, namely the expected income index, was used to reflect the relative difference between expected income and actual income; χ2 test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of salary satisfaction. Results:8 133 valid questionnaires were recovered. The average working time per week of the survey subjects was 48.17 hours, and the average longest continuous working time was 15.30 hours; 85.63% (6 964) of the medical staff had expected income index greater than 1. The average score of salary satisfaction was 58.22 points and 57.72% (4 694) of the medical staff were dissatisfied. The longer the continuous working time (16-72 h versus 8-9 h, OR=0.755), the greater the expected income index (>1 versus =1, OR=0.522), and the lower the salary satisfaction. Conclusions:The workload of medical staff was heavy, the salary failed to meet the expected level, the sense of satisfaction was low. It is suggested to monitor in real time and dynamically adjust the workload of medical staff in combination with the actual situation, formulate the salary level in line with the technical labor value of different medical staff, and establish a comprehensive performance appraisal mechanism.