360 min,the risk of no-reflow phenomenon was decreased in patients with SOTB≤360 min(OR=0.2,95% CI:0.0-1.0,P=0.045).(2) Obesity was identified as an independent risk factor for peak concentration of CK-MB(?=117.3,95% CI:12.1-222.6,P=0.029).(3) Age(above 60 years old),obesity,and preprocedural Killip classification were identified as independent risk factors for postprocedural LVEF.Old age(?=-6,95% CI:-9.7--2.2,P=0.002) and obesity(?=-3.8,95% CI:-7.6--0.1,P=0.044)were associated with low LVEF but preprocedural cardiac function of Killip Class Ⅰ was associated with high LVEF(?=4.9,95% CI:0.4～9.4,P=0.033).(4) Preprocedural Killip classification and multivessel disease were independent predictors for major adverse cardiac event in the follow-up period.The risk of major adverse cardiac event during follow-up decreased in patients with preprocedural Killip class I compared with patients with Killip class Ⅱ~Ⅳ(OR=0.1,95% CI:0.0-0.7,P=0.022),but the risk increased in patients with multivessel disease compared with those who had single vessel disease(OR=10.5,95% CI:1.1-99.4,P=0.041).Conclusion The clinical outcomes and prognosis of patients with AMI treated with primary PCI were associated with a variety of risk factors including age,obesity,multivessel disease,and preprocedural cardiac function.In addition,SOTB was related to postprocedural TIMI flow in patients with AMI undergoing primary PCI.

In the isolated adult rat's ventricular myocytes and artificial bio-membrane-liposomes, the lipid peroxidation caused by generating system of free radicals (FeCl2 & ascorbic acid ) was significantly inhibited by Co Q10, and the inhibition effect of Co Q10 was both dose-and time-dependent. The results showed that Co Q10 had an antioxi-dation effect and served as a scavenger of free radicals at the level of membrane .

Objective To provide precise data of encephalic pressure of the patients with higher encephalic pressure.Methods Through a hole bored in the proper position on the top of skull,a 1mm vessel,full of physiological saline,was inserted into the ventricle,whose outside was connected with the sensor through a 3-way stop cock.The sensor transformed the pressure into electrical signals and transmitted them to micro-computer C8051F020 for data processing.The value of pressure was then displayed on the LCD.Results Real-time and precise detection could be acquired by this intracranial pressure gage.Conclusion The digital intracranial pressure gage is easy-to-operate,simple and portable.

To make biomedical engineer comprehend deeply the cleaning and disinfection method of hemodialysis equipment,this paper discusses two factors determining cleaning and disinfection method,analyzes the impurities infecting dialysis' quality and treatment effect in hemodialysis system,and systematically introduces the daily cleaning and disinfection of hemodialysis equipment as well as its notice by citing Gambro AK95 series hemodialysis equipment.

Objective To explore the clinical and coronary angiography features of female patients suffering from premature coronary heart disease by analyzing retrospectively the clinical data of those women who undertook coronary angiography before 55 years old in a period of 5 years. Methods Female patients under 55 years were enrolled. Data such as risk factors (including hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, stroke, and metabolic syndrome), clinical findings (including blood pressure, serum lipid test on admission), and coronary angiographic images were collected to find the relationship between risk factors and coronary heart disease. Results The study had enrolled 166 cases with 71 cases (42.8%) of them diagnosed as coronary heart disease. In this group, the most important risk factors were diabetes, metabolic syndrome, history of hypertension, high level of serum TG and decreased HDL. At the same time, we found that the body mass index, LDLC level, TG level and blood glucose in CHD patients were significantly higher than those in non-CHD ones. Single vessel disease was the most popular pattern of these CHD patients. Conclusion History of diabetes, metabolic syndrome and hypertension were the most vital risk factors of CHD in this relative young female population.

Objective:To analyze the clinical and echocardiographic features of constrictive pericarditis. Methods: Thirty-six patients diagnosed as having constrictive pericarditis from Oct. 1989 to Jun. 2007 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Clinical manifestations and echocardiographic features were analyzed. Results: The main clinical manifestations were fatigue, effort dyspnea(100%), and sign of pressure elevation of vena cava(97%). Echocardiographic features included thickening of pericardium(67%), abnormal motion of septal and posterior wall of left ventricle in diastole(83%,75% respectively), left and right atrial enlargement(92%,39% respectively), early filling changes of mitral flow with respiration(93%), inferior vena cava dilation and without respiration variation(100%), mitral annulus paradoxical enhanced motion in early diastole. Conclusion: Clinical manifestations of pressure elevation of vena cava were indicators for diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis. Echocardiography could be a valuable method for confirming the diagnosis.

Objective: To assess the predictive value of coronary lfow reserve (CFR) for diagnosing coronary stenosis by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) in patients with hypertension.
Methods: A total of 132 patients scheduled for elective coronary angiography (CAG) due to chest pain were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: Hypertension group,n=95 and Non-hypertension group,n=37. The CRF of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was measured by ATP stress TTDE at 2 days before CAG in all patients and the results were compared between 2 groups. ROC curve was conducted to assess CFR value in diagnosing LAD stenosis which was deifned by LAD luminal diameter stenosis ≥ 70% in relevant patients.
Results: The condition of LAD stenosis was similar between 2 groups (42.1% vs. 35.1%),P>0.05. The CFR value in Hypertension group was lower than that in Non-hypertension group (2.39 ± 0.86) vs. (2.87 ± 1.12),P<0.05. The ROC curve for diagnosing LAD stenosis in all patients were at 0.884 (95% CI 0.83-0.94,P<0.0001), in Hypertension group at 0.874 (95% CI 0.81-0.94,P<0.0001) and in Non-hypertension group at 0.915 (95% CI 0.82-0.98,P<0.0001). With the cut-off point of CFR ≤ 2.2, it had the diagnostic sensitivity, speciifcity and accuracy in all patients were at 80.3%, 83.5% and 80.3%; in Hypertension group were at 77.5%, 80.0% and 78.9%, in Non-hypertension group were at 69.2, 91.7% and 83.8% respectively.
Conclusion: The patients of hypertension combining chest pain had decreased CFR which implied the dysfunction of their microcirculation. CFR had the better diagnostic value for predicting the signiifcant LAD stenosis in such patients.

OBJECTIVE To investigate trans-fatty acids (TFA)contents in bakery food and assess TFA intake via bakery food and its energy contribution in Beijing and Guangzhou city.METHODS Bak-ery food sa mples were collected in 201 1 ,standard GC-method were used to determine TFA content,da-ta of TFA content were analyzed by t-test to evaluate for statistically significant differences.Si mple distri-bution model(determinative risk assess ment)of TFA intake was used to calculate individual TFA intake per day(g·d -1 ,% of total energy)in different populations(grouped by ages).RESULTS Average TFA content was ranging fro m 0.01 to 0.83 g /100 g sa mple in various kinds of bakery food.TFA con-tents were equal to or lower than 0.3 g /100 g in 77.1 % of biscuits,71 .8% of bread,67.0% of pas-tries.Wafer biscuit,sandwich biscuit,puff,cake,and croissants had higher TFA contents than others, and the level was 0.65 -0.83 g /100 g sa mple.TFA content in sandwich biscuit and pie decreased sig-nificantly after 2007.Average TFA intake via bakery food was 0.049 g·d -1 in Beijing and Guangzhou city,energy contribution was 0.027% which was far below the WHO reco mmended level (1 %). Population that are 3 to 6 years old had highest TFA intake and the TFA energy contribution was 0.041 %.CONCLUSION Most of bakery products in China contained low levels of TFA;consequently, health risk caused by TFA intake in Beijing and Guangzhou was unlikely to be a concerned.However, so me type of bakery foods had higher TFA contents which could be of greater concerned for risk management.

Objective To determine the susceptibility of yeasts and to explore the antifungal m echanismof Lisea cubeba oil,so as to provide evidence for the development of antifungal medicinal herbs.Methods The minimuminhibitory concentrations(MIC)of Lisea cubeba oil and fluconazole were determined by broth microdilution method according to the National Com mittee on Clinical Laboratory Standards(NCCLS)reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeasts.Ultra-structur al changes of C.krusei were observed by electron microscopy before and after Lisea cubeba oil treatment.Results Five previously identified quality control(QC)strains(Candida albicans,Candida tropical is,Candida glabrata,Candida parapsilosis,Candida krusei)were susceptible to Lisea cubeba oil,their MICs were 14.14?3.64?g /mL,23.22?2.85?g /mL,31.24?2.88?g /mL,76.19?4.40?g /mL,28.30?2.54?g /mL,respectively.After treatmen t with Lisea cubeba oil the mor-phology and ultrastructure of Candida krusei showed obvious changes:their cell wall and cytoplasmic membrane ruptured;intracellar components dissolved;organellae swollen and di ssolved.There were no changes observed in the morphology and ultrastructure of C.krusei treated with fluconazole.Conclusions The data indicate that Lisea cubeba oil has antifungal effect not only on C.albican and other medically important Candida spp.,but also on fluconazole resistant isolates such as C.krusei and thus has great clinical importan ce.The antifungal mechanismof Lisea cubeba oil may be that the structure of cell w all and cell membrane of C.krusei being inhibited.

OBJECTIVE To compare sensitivity in typeⅠ hypersensitivity between BN and Wistar rats, and to establish a sensitive and reliable determination system for typeⅠ hypersensitivity. METHODS BN and Wistar rats were sc given ovalbumin (OVA) 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) every other day for 5 times and normal control group with sc normal saline. The total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum were determined with ELISA and the specific IgE levels in serum were determined by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis on the 21st day from the 1st injection. The blood pressure, serum histamine and tryptase levels were determined after challenge on the 22nd day. RESULTSTotal IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels in serum significantly increased and blood pressure decreased in OVA 10, 20 and 40 μg·kg~(-1) BN rat groups compared with normal control group, while in Wistar rats these symptoms only appeared in OVA 40 μg·kg~(-1) group. CONCLUSION BN rats are more sensitive than Wistar rats in typeⅠ hypersensitivity. The blood pressure, serum total IgE, specific IgE, histamine and tryptase levels can be used as the important indicators in typeⅠ hypersensitivity.