Objective The cytotoxic effect of bile acids on trophoblast and fetal development in intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy(ICP) were studied through the observation of ultrastructure changes and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR) of placenta. Methods Twenty two ICP (7 with FGR and 15 without FGR) and 15 normal late pregnancies were selected. The placental ultrastructure was observed with transmission electron microscope. The expression of EGFR in placenta was determined by immunohistological method and the related quantity of EGFR mRNA was analysed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). Results The morphological changes found in syncytiotrophoblast were the following: decrease in the number of superficial microvilli, dilatation of rough endoplasmic reticulum, tumefation or myelination of the mitochondria and abnormal distribution of chromatin. These changes of syncytiotrophoblast were more obvious in ICP with FGR. In addition, decrease in the number of capillaries and proliferation of degenerated collagenous fibrils in villi interstitium were also observed. Compared with the normal pregnancies, the expression of EGFR in placenta from ICP decreased significantly and there was no significant difference of EGFR expression in ICP with and without FGR. Conclusion Bile acids cause distinct injuries on trophoblast in a dose dependent manner and that maybe account for the decreased expression of placental EGFR in ICP.

Objective To explore the multiple mediating effect of sleep quality and internet addiction between negative life events and mental health among college students.Methods A cross-sectional study was used to investigate 733 college students with adolescent self-rating life events checklist,Pittsburgh sleep quality index,the general health questionnaire and internet addiction scale for Chinese revision.SPSS and Bootstrap method were used to test the hypothetical model.Results The scores of Negative life events,sleep quality,interaet addiction and mental health were 46.0 (33.0,66.5),5.0 (3.0,7.0),44.0 (37.0,50.0) and 5.0(2.0,9.0) respectively,and they were positively correlated with each other (r=0.39-0.55,P＜0.01).Negative life events had a direct effect on mental health.The effect value was 0.013,and the effect size was 17.97％.The simple mediating effects of sleep quality and internet addiction between negative life events and mental health were significant.The effect values were 0.047 and 0.009,and the effect sizes were 64.85％ and 11.94％,respectively.The chain mediating effect of sleep quality-internet addiction was also significant,and the effect value was 0.004 and the effect size was 5.24％.Conclusion Negative life events not only directly affect mental health in college students,but also indirectly affect their mental health through the multiple mediating effects of sleep quality and internet addiction.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and its relation to HCV genotypes, and to confirm whether diabetes is an exohepatic manifestation of CHC.

METHODSSandwich hybridization microplate assays and fluorescence quantification PCR technology were used to detect HBV DNA, HCV RNA and HCV genotypes of 308 chronic hepatitis C patients and 305 chronic hepatitis B patients. The incidence of diabetes in these patients was compared and analyzed with that in 310 controls.

RESULTSThe incidence of diabetes in patients with chronic hepatitis C was 32.79%, higher than that in patients with chronic hepatitis B (9.84%) and in the control group (8.39%). Serum levels of ALT and TBIL in hepatitis C patients with diabetes were higher than those without diabetes. Infection rate of HCV 1b in hepatitis C patients with diabetes was the highest (40.59%), and when compared with that of those without diabetes the difference was very significant.

CONCLUSIONIncidence of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic hepatitis C is high, especially those infected with HCV 1b, and the liver functions of these patients are more severely damaged.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Genotype ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; Hepatitis C, Chronic ; complications ; virology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo assess dietary exposure of diethylhexyl phthalate(DEHP) among Chinese population, including general population, children aged 2-6 years, adolescent aged 7-12, young people aged 13-17, adults aged 18-59 years old as well as older people aged 60 and above and its health risk.

METHODSA total of 6 650 food samples were collected during 2011 to 2013 from 140 local markets of 14 provinces in China, which covered major foods in China. Samples were detected by GC-MS and categorized into 22 food groups. Food consumption data were taken from China National Nutrition and Health Survey performed in 2002 including 68 959 subjects. Mean concentrations of DEHP in food were combined with individual food consumption data to estimate dietary exposure, and food contributors to dietary DEHP intake were also calculated. Then, the exposure was compared with the tolerable daily intake (TDI, 50 µg·kg(-1)-d(-1)) of DEHP.

RESULTSDEHP level in foods (n = 6 650) was in the range of not detected to 43.80 mg/kg. Mean dietary intakes of DEHP in general population was 2.07 (95% CI: 0.06-4.09) µg·kg(-1)·d(-1), accounting for 4.14 percent of TDI (50 µg·kg(-1)·d(-1)). Mean dietary intake for population aged 2-6, 7-12, 13-17, 18-59 as well as elderly aged 60 and above were 3.92 (95% CI: 0.83-7.01), 3.02 (95% CI: 0.69-5.36), 2.17 (95% CI: 0.54-3.81), 1.83 (95% CI: 0.46-3.21) and 1.66 (95% CI: 0.38-2.94) µg·kg(-1)·d(-1) respectively. The 97.5 percentile intakes in the general populations was 4.73 µg·kg(-1)·d(-1), accounting for 9.46% of TDI. Main food sources of DEHP were rice (28.4% (0.59/2.07)), melon solanaceous vegetables (14.7% (0.30/2.07)) and flour (13.2% (0.27/2.07)) for the general population.

CONCLUSIONThe results suggested that dietary exposure to DEHP among Chinese population was lower than tolerable daily intake of DEHP and there were no health concerns based on generally accepted exposure limits. Rice, melon solanaceous vegetables and flour were main food contributors of DEHP dietary intake for Chinese populations.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Diet ; Diet Surveys ; Diethylhexyl Phthalate ; Flour ; Food ; Food Contamination ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Oryza ; Risk Assessment ; Vegetables

Objective:To investigate the influencing factors of textbook outcomes in liver surgery (TOLS) after radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 530 patients who underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma in 15 medical centers, including the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University et al, from January 2014 to January 2020 were collected. There were 209 males and 321 females, aged (61±10)years. Patients underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma, including cholecystectomy, hepatectomy, invasive bile duct resection, and lymph node dissection. Observation indicators: (1) situations of TOLS; (2) influencing factors of TOLS. Measure-ment data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers or percentages, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The univariate analysis was conducted using the corresponding statistical methods based on data type, and variables with P<0.10 were included in multivariate analysis. Multivariate analysis was conducted using the Logistic stepwise regression model. Results:(1) Situations of TOLS. All 530 patients underwent radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma, and there were 498 cases achieving R 0 resection, 508 cases without ≥grade 2 intra-operative adverse events, 456 cases without postoperative grade B and grade C biliary leakage, 513 cases without postoperative grade B and grade C liver failure, 395 cases without severe com-plications within postoperative 90 days, 501 cases did not being re-admission caused by severe com-plications within postoperative 90 days. Of the 530 patients, 54.53%(289/530) of patients achieved postoperative TOLS, while 45.47%(241/530) of patients did not achieve postoperative TOLS. (2) Influencing factors of TOLS. Results of multivariate analysis showed that American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >grade Ⅱ, preoperative jaundice, T staging as T3?T4 stage, N staging as N2 stage, liver resection as right hemi-hepatectomy, and neoadjuvant therapy were independent factors influencing TOLS in patients undergoing radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma ( odds ratio=2.65, 1.87, 5.67, 5.65, 2.55, 3.34, 95% confidence interval as 1.22?5.72, 1.18?2.95, 2.51?12.82, 2.83?11.27, 1.41?4.63, 1.88?5.92, P<0.05). Conclusion:American Society of Anesthesiologists classification >grade Ⅱ, preoperative jaundice, T staging as T3?T4 stage, N staging as N2 stage, liver resection as right hemi-hepatectomy, and neoadjuvant therapy are independent factors influencing TOLS in patients undergoing radical resection of gallbladder carcinoma.

Objective:To investigate the influence of curative-intent resection with textbook outcomes of liver surgery (TOLS) on long-term prognosis of gallbladder carcinoma (GBC).Methods:The retrospective cohort study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 824 patients with GBC in the national multicenter database of Biliary Surgery Group of Elite Group of Chinese Journal of Digestive Surgery, who were admitted to 15 medical centers from January 2014 to January 2021, were collected. There were 285 males and 539 females, aged (62±11)years. According to the evalua-tion criteria of TOLS, patients were divided into those who achieved TOLS and those who did not achieve TOLS. Measurement data with normal distribution were represented as Mean± SD, and com-parison between groups was conducted using the independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M( Q1, Q3), and comparison between groups was conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Count data were described as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was conducted using the chi-square test. Comparison of ordinal data were conduc-ted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate survival rate and draw survival curve, and the Log-rank test was used for survival analysis. The COX stepwise regression model with backward Wald method was used for univariate and multivariate analyses. Results:(1) Achievement of TOLS. Of the 824 patients undergoing curative-intent resection for GBC, there were 510 cases achieving TOLS and 314 cases not achieving TOLS. (2) Follow-up. Of the 824 patients undergoing curative-intent resection for GBC, after excluding 112 deaths within 90 days after discharge, 712 cases were included for the survival analysis. The median follow-up time, median overall survival time and 5-year overall survival rate of the 510 patients achieving TOLS were 22.1(11.4,30.1)months, 47.6(30.6,64.6)months and 47.5%. The median follow-up time, median overall survival time and 5-year overall survival rate of the 202 patients not achieving TOLS were 14.0(6.8,25.5)months, 24.3(20.0,28.6)months and 21.0%. There was a significant difference in overall survival between patients achieving TOLS and patients not achieving TOLS ( χ2=58.491, P<0.05). (3) Analysis of factors influencing prognosis of patients. Results of multivariate analysis showed that TOLS, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA19-9, poorly differentiation of tumor, T2 stage of eighth edition of American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging, T3 and T4 stage of eighth edition of AJCC staging, N1 stage of the eighth edition of AJCC staging, N2 stage of the eighth edition of AJCC staging, adjuvant therapy were independent factors influencing overall survival time of patients undergoing curative-intent resection for GBC ( hazard ratio=0.452, 1.479, 1.373, 1.612, 1.455, 1.481, 1.835, 1.978, 0.538, 95% c onfidence interval as 0.352-0.581, 1.141-1.964, 1.052-1.791, 1.259-2.063, 1.102-1.920, 1.022-2.147, 1.380-2.441, 1.342-2.915, 0.382-0.758, P<0.05). Conclusion:Patients under-going curative-intent resection for GBC with TOLS can achieve better long-term prognosis.

Objective: To investigate the expression of microRNA-380-5p (miR-380-5p) in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, and to explore the mechanism of miR-380-5p inhibiting the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer cells. Methods: 16 pairs of cervical cancerous tissues and corresponding para-cancerous tissues were collected from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Affiliated Wuhan Central Hospital of Tongji Medical College from December 2016 to July 2017; in addition, cervical cancer cell lines (HCC94, C33A, Hela, SiHa) and human cervical epithelial immortalized H8 cells were also collected for this study. The expression of miR-380-5p in above mentioned tissues and cell lines was detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). miR380-5p mimic (experimental group) and miR-NC (negative control group) were transiently transfected into C33A cells by lipofection, and qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-380-5p in the transfected cells. Cell proliferation and migration were evaluated by cell counting kit (CCK-8) and Transwell assay. Bioinformatics software TargetScan predicted the downstream genes of miR-380-5p, and dual luciferase reporter assay was used to verify the binding of miR-380-5p to the downstream gene RHOA (Ras homolog gene family member A). qPCR and Western blotting were used to detect the expression of miR-380-5p downstream gene-RHOA. Results: The expression level of miR-380-5p in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines was significantly lower than that in para-cancerous tissues and normal cervical epithelial H8 cells (P<0.01); and the expression in C33A cells was the lowest (P<0.01). Compared with the negative control group, the miR-380-5p mimic transfection singnificantly inhibited the proliferation (P<0.05) and migration ability of C33A cells (P<0.01), and down-regulated protein expressions of RHOA, ROCK1, ROCK2, CDK2 and N-cadherin (all P<0.01). Bioinformatics software predicted that RHOA may be a downstream gene of miR-380-5p, and dual luciferase reporter assay proved the specific binding of miR-380-5p to the 3'UTR of RHOA (P<0.01). miR-380-5p could significantly down-regulate RHOA gene expression (P< 0.01). Conclusion: miR-380-5p is low-expressed in cervical cancer cell lines. Over-expression of miR-380-5p may inhibit the proliferation and migration of cervical cancer C33Acells by down-regulating the expression of RHOAgene and its downstream proteins.

BACKGROUND: China has the world's largest tea plantation area in the world. To sustain high yields of the tea, multiple pesticides are used on tea crops to control pests. Organophosphorus (OP) pesticides are among the most widely used types of agricultural pesticides in China. As tea is a significant potential source of exposure to pesticide residues, the public concern has increased in relation to pesticide residues found in tea in China. The aim of the study was to estimate cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion for Chinese tea consumers to determine whether exposure to OP residues from tea infusion is a cause of health concern for tea consumers in China. METHODS: OP residue data were obtained from the China National Monitoring Program on Food Safety (2013-2014), encompassing 1687 tea samples from 12 provinces. Tea consumption data were obtained from the China National Nutrient and Health Survey (2002), comprising 506 tea consumers aged 15-82 years. The transfer rates of residues from tea leaves into tea infusions were obtained from the literature. The relative potency factor (RPF) approach was used to estimate acute cumulative exposure to 20 OP residues from tea infusion using methamidophos as the index compound. Dietary exposure was calculated in a probabilistic way. RESULTS: For tea consumers, the mean and the 99.9th percentile (P99.9) of cumulative dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion equalled 0.08 and 1.08 μg/kg bw/d. When compared with the acute reference dose (ARfD), 10 μg/kg bw/d for methamidophos, this accounts for 0.8 and 10.8% of the ARfD. CONCLUSIONS Even when considering OP residues from vegetables, fruits and other foods, there are no health concerns based on acute dietary exposure to OP residues from tea infusion. However, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the OP pesticides used on tea in China to reduce the risk of chronic dietary exposure to OPs from tea infusion.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; Dietary Exposure ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Organophosphorus Compounds ; analysis ; Pesticide Residues ; analysis ; Risk Assessment ; methods ; Tea ; chemistry ; Young Adult