OBJECTIVE:To summarize the types of esophageal stent implantation and explore the clinical application and complications following esophageal stent implantation.METHODS:A computer-based online search of VIP database (http://www.cqvip.com/) was performed for articles about clinical application of esophageal stent implantation,published between January 1998 and October 2009,with the key words "esophageal stent,indication,complication".The data were collected,and the references were reviewed.Inclusion criteria:Type of esophageal stent;clinical application and complications following esophageal stent implantation.Exclusion criteria:repetitive studies.A total of 22 articles were finally included.RESULTS:Esophageal stent implantation as a novel technique has become an important approach for innocent or malignant esophageal stenosis,as well as orificium fistulae.The metal stent with no cover,partially covered stent and fully-covered stent have effectively cure esophageal diseases.However,patients suffer from the complications,such as chest pain,bleeding and perforation,gastroesophageal reflux,stent dislocation or shedding,and restenosis.Reduction of complications can improve quality of life of the patients.CONCLUSION:There are various types of esophageal stents.Therefore,appropriate selection of type,size,and characteristics of stent according to different disease condition,and accurate operation may minimize incidence of complications.

Objective To observe the implementation of prevention and control measures for water quality improvement in drinking water type of fluorosis and arsenic poisoning areas,to investigate the operating condition of fluoride-safe water supply projects,and to comprehensively evaluate the project's quality and its effectiveness on water quality improvement.Methods According to the Shanxi Province Drinking Water-Borne Fluorosis and Arsenic Poisoning Fluoride-Safe Water Supply Projects Monitoring Programme,in October 2012-June 2013,45 counties in the province were selected to monitor fluorosis and arsenic poisoning.The running condition of fluoridesafe water supply projects was investigated.One factory water sample was collected to determine the water fluoride (arsenic) concentration.Meanwhile,3 tap water samples were collected to determine the water fluoride (arsenic)concentration in each village,using the Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB/T 5750.5-2006).Results Totally 1 804 fluoride-safe water supply projects had been surveyed,and 1 673 were in normal condition,accounting for 92.7％.The number of projects supplying fluoride-safe water was 1 328,accounting for 73.6％,benefiting a population of 2.636 779 million people.A total of 2 277 villages were investigated,and 1 826 villages had fluoride-safe water,accounting for 80.2％ of the investigated villagcs.One hundred and forty-five arsenic-safe water supply projects in drinking water type of arsenic poisoning areas were investigated,and 138 were in normal condition,accounting for 95.2％.One hundred and forty-three arsenic-safe water supply projects were qualified,accounting for 98.6％,benefiting a population of 295 240 people.One hundred and fifty-nine villages in drinking water-borne arsenic poisoning areas were investigated,and 156 villages were qualified in water arsenic,accounting for 98.1％ of the investigated villages.Conclusions The qualified rate of fluoride-safe water supply projects is relatively low in drinking water type of fluorosis areas.It has not yet reached the national standard and the management of fluoride-safe water supply projects should be strengthened.The effect of arsenic-safe water supply projects on prevention of drinking water type of arsenic poisoning is significant.

This study was undertaken to examine ncNOS IR in bladder after spinal cord injury (SCI). In the meantime, we determine rats bladder ncNOS IR following intravesical instillation of capsaicin after SCI. Adult Sprague Dawley rats and guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal group, sham injury group, spinal cord injury group (4～5weeks after T 8～9 transection). A dose of 1mmol/L intravesical capsaicin was instilled in a part of SCI rats. Bladders of all animals were divided into three tissue pieces: bladder base, bladder body and bladder dome,in which the distribution of ncNOS IR was examined. Spinal transection induced a significant ncNOS IR increase in guinea pig bladder base. In rats, the quantity of ncNOS IR did not differ between the two groups. Instillation of intravesical capsaicin can cause significant up regulation of rat bladder ncNOS IR after SCI. The increase of ncNOS IR in SCI animals bladder indicates that NO may play an important role in the regulation of micturition reflex after SCI. In SCI rats, ncNOS IR can significantly be up regulated by intravesical capsaicin instillation, suggesting that NO may act as a factor in the action of capsaicin.

Objective To study a simple?minimally invasive?safe?effective and economical therapy for osteoportic vertebrae compression fracture. Methods 9 patients with 14 vertebrae (13 lumbar, 1 thoracic) suffered from osteoportic compression fractures were treated with percutaneous vertebrolasty from March to September in 2001. The patients included 8 women and 1 man aged from 33 to 85 years with a mean of 72 years. Results All patients had marked to complete pain relief at 1～2 postoperative days, and could get up to move at 2～3 postoperative days. During 1-6 months follow-up period, no pain reoccurred. No severe comlication occurred. Conclusions Percutaneous vertebroplasty provided significant pain relief in the patients with osteoportic vertebrae compression fractures. It is a promising therapy for patients with osteoportic vertebrae compression fracture.

AIM:To investigate the reasonableness test of different parts of Herba Asari.METHODS:HPLC method was used to determine aristolochic acid A content content in different parts of Herba Asari.RESULTS:Aristolochic acid A content in above-ground parts of Herba Asari was higher than that in the root,and aristolochic acid A was not detected ever in some Radix et Rhizoma Asari.CONCLUSION:It is more reasonable that the medicinal part of Herba Asari is selected from the root rather than whole herb,and it is coincident with medicinal literature.

Objective: To find out the parameters of drop pill's process in proportion to matrix, refrigerant and addition, in relationship with the height and rotational speed of freeze-pillar and drop pills. Methods: Using parallel experimentation for the choice of matrix and refrigerant; mode and proportion of adding drug. Using orthogonal experimentation for the choice of height and rotate speed about freeze-pillar, dropping speed. With moulding probability of drop pills as the evaluation quota to decide the best dropping condition. Results: PEG 4000 is matrix. Methyl-siliconoil: Liquid-paraffin (3∶1) is refrigerant. Internal and external diameter of burette are equal to 4.5mm and 5.8mm. Drug is dropped into the refrigerant of 10～15 ?C by 50 to 60 dropping per minute (freeze-pillar height 120cm, rotate speed is 20 round per minute.) Moulding probability is of the highest one. Conclusion: The moulding technics of drop pills with high finished product rate and good quality.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of stage Ⅲ osteosarcoma. Methods A retrospective analysis of 23 patients with stage Ⅲ osteosarcoma of extremities from December 1989 to December 2003 was studied. There were 9 females and 14 males, aging from 16 to 31 years with a mean of 22.4 years. 15 patients presented with lung metastases, 7 with bone metastases (including 5 of jumping metastases and 2 of osteosarcomas) and 1 with lung and bone metastases simultaneously. Patients received chemotherapy followed by resection of primary and metastatic lesions and additional chemotherapy. Results After preoperative chemotherapy, lung metastases disappeared in 1 patient, whereas in 1 with lung and bone metastases simultaneously, the lesion remained surgically unresectable because of new metastases after removal of the primary lesion. In 2 patients with osteosarcoma, primary lesion could only be removed, lung metastasis appeared in 2 of 5 patients with jumping metastases respectively after the removal of primary lesion and jumping metastases. 16 patients with lung metastases received thoracotomy and resection of the lung metastatic lesions, and 6 of them received a second thoracotomy because of a second lung metastasis inclunding 3 cases with extra-pulmonary metastases without any additional treatment. The tumor necrosis rate was not found obviously different between primary lesions and metastatic lesions. Of the 23 patients who achieved a mean 74.6 months follow-up (range, 5-168 months), 9 remained continuously free of disease, 4 relapsed with new metastases, and 10 died of tumors. The outcome of the Cox model proportional hazard regression showed the relation of the number of the metastases and the prognosis were significant(P

Objective To explore the peptides that can mimic the blood type A antigen and evaluate the anti-A antibody detection value of these peptides.Methods The anti-A monoclonal antibodv (NaM87-1F6)was used to panning the phage clones from a phage display 12-mer peptide library.Positive clones were identified by phage ELISA,phage mieropanning methods.Phage DNA Was sequenced and the corresponding peptide sequences were deduced.Agglutination inhibition test WaS performed to assess the ability of phage clones to inhibit the binding between the type A red blood cell and the anti-A antibody. ABO-ELISA based on the selected peptides was compared with classical haemagglutination test jn the detection of senlm anti-A antibody.Results Seven positive clones were chosen after panning,phage ELISA and phage micropanning.Six clones displayed peptide EYWYCGMNRTGC(C5),the other one displayed peptide QIWYERTLPFTF(C17).The phages displaying the selected peptides could specifically inhibit agglutination of type A red blood cells(RBCs)by anti-A antibodies.In the ABO-ELISA based on C5 and C17,the receiver operating characteristic(ROC)Curve showed that area under curve(AUC)were 0.889 (P=0.000),0.75l(P=0.000)respectively.The Spearman correlation Coeffieient between the ABO-EliSA value and the antibody titer derived from haemagglutination assay were 0.743(P<0.01),0.664(P<0.01)respectively.As for C5,0.300 was the best cut-off for ABO-ELISA with 82.2% sensitivity and 83.3% specificity.As for C17,the sensitivity and specificity of ABO-ELISA was 68.9% and 63.3% respectively when the cut-off value was 0.250.Conclusions The peptides EYWYCGMNRTGC and QIWYERTLPFTF can mimic the blood type A antigenic epitope.ABO-ELISA based on these peptides has the potential for the detection of anti-A antibody.

Background and purpose:Extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL) belongs to a rare type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Its incidence rate in Asian country is higher than that in Western country. This disease is highly invasive, the pathogenesis of it is still unclear. Resent research shows that epstein-barr virus (EBV) is closely related to the occurrence of it. There is still no standard treatment guidelines of ENKTL, and the prognosis is very bad. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the pathogenesis of ENKTL. This study aimed to investigate the expressions of interleukin-2 (IL-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of ENKTL patients and their clinical signiifcances. Methods: Luminex liquid chip technology was used to detect the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of 67 ENKTL patients and 26 normal persons. Results:The expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin the serum of 67 ENKTL patients were (564.1±387.6), (293.3±191.6) and (181.3±91.8)pg/mL, while in the normal persons were (1 097.0±365.7), (417.5±289.6) and (291.3±89.4)pg/mL, respectively. Compared with normal persons, the expression levels of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αin ENKTL patients were signiifcantly lower (P<0.05). Further study showed that the expression level of TNF-αin 5 complete remission ENKTL patients [(162.7±10.3)pg/mL] was significantly higher than that in initial treatment patients [(125.2±7.3)pg/mL, P<0.05]. Conclusion:The expressions of IL-2, IL-6 and TNF-αare reduced in the serum of ENKTL patients, and the serum expression level of TNF-αis closely related to the effect of chemotherapy.

Objective To explore the diagnosis ,treatment methods and clinical features of primary ureteral polyps.Methods Clinical data of 27 cases with primary ureteral polyps were analyzed retrospectively .The clinical features and treatment of this disease were analyzed .Results 7 cases were treated with polypectomy ,10 cases with basement fulguration by ureteroscopy operation or polyps-removing by ureter forceps ,4 cases with distal ureter resec-tion and termino-terminal anastomosis ,4 cases with lesions ureter resection and bilateral ureteric reimplantaion and 2 cases with nephrectomy due to nonfunctioning kidney .All cases were confirmed to be primary ureter polyp by pathology.All cases were followed up for 6-12 months with no recurrence and canceration ,only 1 case had ureteral stenosis.Conclusion Primary ureteral polyps is a benign disease with rare malignancy .The primary and effective treatment method is surgery which has few complications and good effect .