Objective To observe the characteristics of electromyography of sphincter of Oddi (SO) in patients with cholelithiasis after common bile duct exploration,and investigate new methods for detecting the motility of SO.Methods The basal pressure of SO(SOBP)and electromyography of SO were detected in 33 patients with cholelithiasis who were reexamined at the Southwest Hospital from January to October,2010.All patients were divided into low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group.The amplitude,frequency and duration of SO spike burst(SOSB)of the three groups were compared.Results The numbers of patients in the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were 14,13 and 6,respectively.The mean SOBP of the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were(3.1±1.2),(18.5±7.6),(39.8±4.8)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The amplitude,frequency and duration of SOSB were(41±27)μV,(5.8±1.6) times/minutes and(2.7±0.6)s in the low SOBP group,and(150±71)μV,(6.9±1.4)times/minutes and (3.4±0.7)s in the normal SOBP group,and(301±109)μV,(7.8±1.2)times/minutes and(4.2±0.7)s in the high SOBP group,respectively,with significant difference among the three groups(F=50.751,4.293,13.159,P<0.05).Conclusion The results of electromyography of SO could reflect the function of SO,and it is possible to be a prospective method in the clinical research of SO.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the expression changes of metadherin (MTDH) and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues and to investigate the significance. METHOD: The expression of MTDH and MMP-9 in 54 cases of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues(observation group) and 30 cases of para-carcinoma tissues (control group) was examined by immunohistochemical method, the correlation between them and their correlations with the clinicopathological parameters were analyzed. RESULT: The positive expression rates of MTDH in the observation group and control group were 64.8% (35/54) and 6.7% (2/30), respectively; the positive expression rates of MMP-9 in the observation group and control group were 70.4% (38/ 54) and 13.3% (4/30), respectively; and there was a statistically significant difference between two groups (all P < 0.01). In the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues, the expression of MTDH protein was related with degree of differentiation, lymph-node metastasis and TNM stage (all P < 0.05); and the expression of MMP-9 protein was related lymph-node metastasis and TNM stage (all P < 0.05). The expression of MTDH was positively correlated with MMP-9 in the laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tissues (r = 0.371, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION The high expression of MTDH and MMP-9 was closely related to the occurrence, development and metastasis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma, joint detection of the two proteins was valuable for early diagnosis and prognosis of laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Adhesion Molecules ; metabolism ; Cell Differentiation ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Humans ; Laryngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck

Objective Toinvestigatethemolecularmechanismsofmitochondrialpathway-mediated apoptosisinintracranialaneurysminitiationinrabbits.Methods FifteenNewZealandwhiterabbitswere divided into 3 groups using the computer random method. After using bilateral carotid artery ligation for modeling basilar artery aneurysm,they were divided into a 2-day group (n=3),a 7-day group (n=6)(3 of them were used for real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction [PCR]analysis),and a sham operation group (n=6)(3 of them were used for real-time quantitative PCR analysis). The tissue of apex of basilar artery was harvested and the histopathological changes in the vascular wall were observed. TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptotic cells and immunohistochemical staining,and quantitative analysis was used to analyze inflammatory cell distribution. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of apoptosis-related protein mRNA. Results (1 )After modeling,the apoptotic cells were found at the apex of basilar artery in rabbits (the site of internal elastic layer lesion )of the 2-day group and 7-day group. In the 2-day group after operation,the numbers of apoptotic cells (4. 02 ± 0. 21)were significantly higher than those of the basilar artery trunk (0. 40 ± 0. 13),the left posterior cerebral artery (0. 41 ± 0.22),and the right posterior cerebral artery (0. 29 ± 0. 11). The differences were statistically significant (P<0. 05). After modeling,the numbers of apoptotic cells (5. 01 ± 0. 29)of the 7-day group were significantly higher than those of the basilar artery trunk (0. 49 ± 0. 21),the left posterior cerebral artery (0. 31 ± 0. 12),and the right posterior cerebral artery (0. 41 ± 0. 19)(P<0. 05). The internal elastic layer lesions and apoptotic cells were not observed in the rabbits of the sham operation group. (2)After modeling, the expression levels of caspase 9 (1. 97 ± 0. 23)and caspase-3 mRNA (2. 31 ± 0. 40)at the apex of basilar artery in rabbits of the 7-day group were increased significantly compared with that of the sham group (P<0.01).Conclusion Apoptosisisinvolvedintheearlyprocessofaneurysmsinsimple hemodynamics-induced basilar terminus aneurysm formation. Its molecular mechanisms are activated by Bcl-2-mediated mitochondrial pathway through caspase-9.

Objective To provide coronary sectional anatomical basis for imaging diagnosis of the injure and disease of the knees.Methods 5 right knees of male adults cadavers were used . After the MR imaging examination,all specimens were frozen and cut into 6 coronary sections . Results The morphological charactenstics relation and the law of variation of the articular facets,articular capsule,articular cavity,cruciate ligaments,menisci,synovial plicae and its surrounding structures on all coronary sections of knees were observed, and compared with the corresponding MR images .Conclusion The variation of morphology and structures of all coronary sectional specimens of knee joint provided foundation of dependable anatomy and clinical value for medical imaging diagnosis .

Objective:To investigate the effect of rapamycin on cell growth and migration of gallbladder cancer GBC-SD cells, and to discuss its potential in clinical therapy of gallbladder cancer. Methods: Proliferation of GBC-SD cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin (12.5, 25, and 50 mmol/L) was examined by MTT assay. Cell cycle distribu-tion and apoptosis of GBC-SD cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin were determined by flow cytometry. Migration ability of GBC-SD cells was assessed by Transwell assay. The expression of mTOR (mammalian target of rapam-ycin) and its phosphorylation in GBC-SD cells were examined by Western blotting assay. Results: Rapamycin significant-ly inhibited the phosphorylation of roTOR, but had no influence on the expression of roTOR in GBC-SD cells. Rapamycin significantly inhibited the growth of GBC-SD cells in a dose-dependent manner (P < 0.01). Raparnycin induced apoptosis of GBC-SD cells and arrested them at the G_1/S phase. Furthermore, rapamycin also significantly suppressed migration of GBC-SD cells as showed by Transwell assay (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Rapamycin can remarkably inhibit the growth and migration of gallbladder cancer cells, probably by inhibition of p-roTOR pathway, induction of apoptosis and cell cycle ar-rest of gallbladder cancer cells.

The vein s near the cardiac area of the stomach were studies in 60 cases of Chines cadavers (26 adults, 34 children). The main results are as follows: The coronary vein (lefe gastric) may be divided into 3 types. Type Ⅰ (2 branches) was found in 55 cases (91.66%.t In 33 cases (55.00%), the gastropancreatic fold was situated on the left side of the vertebral colum, and it ended in the splenic vein in 36 cases (60.00%). The average diameter at its terminal end was 3.81 (2.0-6.0) mm. The cardioesophageal branch may be classified into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) was found most frequently in 55 cases (93.22%), and it ended in the arched portion of the coronary vein in 55 cases (87.30%). The right gastric vein (pylorus) opened into the portal vein in 49 cases (89.09%). The posterior gastric vein may be divided into 2 types. Type Ⅰ (1 branch) occurred in 45 cases (90.00%). The end of this vein was located in the mid-third of the splenic vein in 41 cases (74.55%). Short gastric veins two to six branches in number, among which three or four branches were most frequently observed.

Objective:To observe the killing effect of irradiated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) at low dose combined with apogossypolone (ApoG2) on cultured human prostate cancer PC-3 cells.Methods:Human PBMCs were irradated by gamma ray at 1 gray,the irradiation dose rate was 17 Gy/min.The experiment were divided into PC-3 tumor cell control group,PC-3 cells with irradiated and non-irradiated PBMCs co-culture groups,ApoG2 treatment group,irradiated PBMCs and ApoG2 co-treatment group.Acridine orange/ethidium bromide (AO/EB) staining and MTT method were used to observe the killing effect of PBMCs and/or ApoG2.Results:The killing activity of irradiated PBMCs group and ApoG2 treatment group were obviously increased and were higlaer than that of non-irradiated group (P＜0.05).The killing activity of combined group were much higher than that of irradiated group and ApoG2 treatment group (P ＜0.01 ).Conclusion:Irradiated PBMCs at low dose combined with ApoG2 can enhances the anti-tumor effects markedly.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes and surgical procedures of 32 patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods From January 2013 to July 2018,32 patients who were diagnosed to have hilar cholangiocarcinoma underwent total laparoscopic treatment in Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.The clinical data of these patients were recorded,including the general data,Bismuth types,AJCC types,postoperative complications,pathological findings,and follow-up results.Results This study included 20 males and 12 females with a mean age of 60.9±8.8 years and a body mass index of 22.6±3.2 kg/m2.According to the preoperative imaging studies,the Bismuth types Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲa,Ⅲb,and Ⅳ were found in 12,2,3,4 and 11 patients,respectively.Laparoscopic radical resection of hilar cholangiocarcinoma and bilioenteric anastomosis was performed in 12 patients,with radical resection and external bile drainage in 6 patients,extended hemihepatectomy with caudate lobectomy in 6 patients and concomitant portal vein resection in 2 patients.The mean operative time was 365.6± 121.9min and the median intraoperative blood loss was 300 (75,400) ml.Intraoperative red cell and plasma transfusion were 0-15 U and 400(0,625)ml,respectively.According to the Clavien-Dindo complication classification system,5 of 32 (15.6％) patients developed type Ⅱ morbidity.The postoperative pathological findings revealed bile duct adenocarcinoma in 30 patients and mucinous adenocarcinoma in 2 patients.The median size of cancer was 3.0 (1.0,3.5) cm.According to the 8th AJCC staging system,stage Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,and Ⅳ were found in 6,13,11,and 2 patients,respectively.A negative resection margin was achieved in 24 of 32 patients (75％).Up to August 6,30 of 32 patients (93.8％) were followed up and the overall 1-,2-,and 3-year survival rates for the patients who underwent laparoscopic radical resection for hilar cholangiocarcinoma were 80.0％,53.0％,and 53.3％.The median survival time was 21.8 months.Conclusion Total laparoscopic surgery for hilar cholangiocarcinoma was safe and feasible if performed by an experienced surgeon after accurate preoperative evaluation.

Objective To study the feasibility of laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy ( LPD) in the treatment of pancreatic head cancer, and to analyze the short-term postoperative outcomes. Methods The clinical data of 57 patients with pancreatic head cancer who underwent laparoscopic pancreaticoduode-nectomy from April 2015 to November 2017 in the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University were retro-spectively analyzed. Results Of the 57 patients, conversion to open surgery was required in 2 patients, and major venous resection and reconstruction were performed in 9 patients, including 8 end-to-end anastomosis, and 1 synthetic graft interposition. Total pancreatectomy was carried out in 4 patients. For the remaining 53 patients, pancreaticojejunal mucosal anastomoses were carried out in 50 patients, and sleeve pancreaticojeju-nostomy in 3 patients. The mean operative time and operative blood loss were 497 (240～720) min and 435 (50～3 000 ) ml, respectively. The mean postoperative hospital stay was 17. 7 ( 6. 0 ～59. 0 ) days. Postoperative complications were detected in 26. 3% (15/57) of patients, which included delayed gastric emptying (DGE) in 4 patients, Grade B pancreatic fistula (PF) in 4 patients, biliary fistula ( BF) in 2 patients, postpancreatectomy hemorrhage ( PPH) in 2 patients, intraabdominal infection in 1 patient and pulmonary infection in 2 patients. All the patients with DGE recovered with conservative treatment and they were discharged home. Reoperation was only required in the two patients with PPH. One patient died after the operation. The postoperative pathological results revealed pancreatic duct adenocarcinoma in 53 patients, adenosscale carcinoma in 1 patient and neuroendocrine carcinoma in 3 patients. The maximum and minimum tumor sizes were 7. 0 cm×5. 0 cm×3. 5 cm and 2. 5 cm×1. 5 ×1. 0 cm, respectively. The mean lymph nodes harvest and positive lymph node retrieval were 14(1～60) and 0. 7(0～3), respectively. Negative resection margins were obtained in 84. 2% (48/57) of patients. This study was censored on December 31, 2017. The follow-up for these patients ranged between 1 to 32 months. Mortality occurred in 21 patients, including 1 patient with a ruptured aneurysm 2 months after operation, 2 patients with GI bleeding 2 and 9 months respectively after operation, 1 patient with severe pulmonary infection and 17 patients with cancer recurrence with survival varying from 2 to 21 months. 35 patients were still alive. Conclusion Laparoscopic pancreaticoduodenectomy is a safe and feasible procedure for pancreatic head cancer.

Objective: To explore the association between CDKAL1 rs35261542, FAIM2 rs 3205718, and VGLL4 rs 2574704 polymorphisms with childhood obesity and related metabolic phenotypes to provide evidence for personalized prevention and management strategies. Methods: Based on the 2023 Long term Nutritional Health Effects of Early Childhood Nutrition Package Intervention project, the study enrolled 1 078 children aged 5-7 years from four counties in Henan (Songxian and Ruyang countries) and Guizhou (Guiding and Fuquan countries) provinces. Using BMI Z scores, 87 overweight and obese(OVOB) children were selected and matched by sex, age, and BMI Z score with 117 normal weight controls. Participants were further stratified into four metabolic phenotype groups: metabolically healthy normal weight (MHNW, n =51), metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW, n =66), metabolically healthy obesity (MHO, n =31) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO, n =56) based on four conventional cardiometabolic risk factor (CR) criteria. Data were collected through questionnaires, anthropometric measurements, serum biochemical tests, and KASP genotyping. The distribution of three genetic polymorphisms ( CDKAL1 rs35261542, FAIM2 rs3205718, VGLL4 rs 2574704) across metabolic subgroups was analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression models assessed associations between these polymorphisms and obesity/metabolic phenotypes. Results: Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that Homozygous mutant AA genotype of CDKAL1 rs 35261542 was positively associated with OVOB( OR =3.63), MHO ( OR =11.04), MUO ( OR = 4.88 ) ( P <0.05). Homozygous TT genotype of FAIM2 rs 3205718 increased OVOB risk ( OR =4.44, P <0.05) but showed no association with metabolic phenotypes ( P >0.05). Homozygous mutant TT of VGLL4 rs 2574704 reduced the risks of MHO and MUO ( OR = 0.30, 0.24， P <0.05). Cumulative genetic effects analysis demonstrated carriers of 1 or 2 risk genotypes of rs 35261542 and rs 3205718 had progressively higher OVOB risk ( OR =2.53, 20.79), and the combination of rs 35261542 and rs 2574704 increased risks for both MHO ( OR =8.50) and MUO ( OR =5.00) ( P <0.05). Conclusions The AA genotype of rs 35261542 ( CDKAL1 ) positively correlates with childhood obesity and metabolic abnormalities. The TT genotype of rs 3205718 ( FAIM 2) increases obesity risk but not metabolic phenotypes. The TT genotype of rs 2574704 ( VGLL 4) shows protective effects against metabolic dysfunction. Risk genotypes exhibit dosedependent cumulative effects on obesity and metabolic outcomes.