Objective To investigate the relationship between plasma visfatin levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with carotid atherosclerosis.Methods 60 subjects were divided into 3 groups,T2DM no carotid atherosclerosis group (20 cases),T2DM with carotid atherosclerosis group (20 cases)and normal control group (20cases).Carotid IMT,plasma visfatin,waist circumference (WC),fasting plasma glucose (FPG),HbA1C,blood lipids,fasting serum insulin (FINS) were assayed or measured in all subjects.Results Plasma visfatin levels in T2DM with carotid atherosclerosis were significantly higher than those in normal control group and T2DM group [ (50.85 ± 20.14) ng/ml vs (18.50 ± 4.60) ng/ml,(50.85 ±20.14) ng/ml vs (35.52 ± 10.18) ng/ml,F = 105.983,P ＜0.01].Correlation analysis showed that plasma levels of visfatin were positively correlated with carotid IMT(r =0.476,P ＜0.01),TG (r =0.328,P ＜0.01),WC (r =0.206,P ＜0.05) and it was negatively correlated with HDL-C(r=-0.298,P ＜0.01).Conclusion Plasma visfatin was correlated with the development of macrovascular complications in T2DM patients,and it might be involved in the atherosclerotic pathological and physiological basis.

The record of speech-language abnormalities scattered in some chapters of two classics of traditional Chinese medicine, Huang Di Nei Jing and Zhong Zang Jing. The descriptive modes of these abnormalities in Huang Di Nei Jing were more diversified than in Zhong Zang Jing. In aspect of clinical values, speech-language abnormalities in Huang Di Nei Jing were used to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment, such as describing body constitution and clinical mistreatments, but rare in Zhong Zang Jing.

Objective To investigate the correlations of plasma eotaxin-2,soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor(sTNFR) Ⅱ and other cytokines levels with the status of metabolic syndrome(MS) in type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN) patients treated with maintenance hemodialysis(MHD).Methods Thirty type 2 DN patients with stable pathogenetic conditions and MHD treatment for more than 3 months,thirty newly diagnosed and untreated type 2 diabetes(T2D) patients and thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled in the study.The MS related markers,including blood pressure,waist circumference,body mass index,triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),fasting blood glucose (FBG),total cholesterol(TC),low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) and C reactive protein(CRP),were determined.The expression levels of 40 cytokines were detected with the AAH-INF-G3 antibody microarray,and their correlations with MS related markers were analyzed by the Pearson method.Results The incidence rates of MS in DN patients with MHD and T2D patients were 88.89％ and 33.33％,respectively.Compared with T2D patients and healthy controls,the DN patients had more MS related markers,higher waist circumference and lower body mass index,and their plasma eotaxin-2,I-309 and sTNFR Ⅰ / Ⅱ levels increased significantly.Pearson correlation analysis showed that plasma eotaxin-2 and I-309 levels were positively related to MS risk factors such as TG,FBG and diastolic blood pressure(DBP) levels.Plasma sTNFR Ⅱ and I-309 levels were significantly positively correlated with plasma CRP levels.Conclusion A micro inflammatory state exists in type 2 DN patients with MHD.Abnormal glycolipid metabolism may influence on the immunologic and physiological state of human body,and then form the micro inflammatory state.Eotaxin-2 and I-309 may participate in this chronic and persistent process and further induce renal damage by upregulating sTNFR Ⅰ / Ⅱ levels,which may result in the formation of MS state in type 2 DN patients with MHD.

Objective Study of pulmonary hypertension (PAH) during pregnancy has characteristics of the high risk factors for patient death and its clinical characteristics.Methods Death in patients with clinical data was collected from January 2006 to October 2013 in Beijing Anzhen Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University treated 8 cases of pregnancy complicated with PAH in hospital. According to the mechanism of PAH patients will be divided into two categories, Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) in 4 cases, 4 cases of secondary PAH [are secondary to congenital heart disease, also known as congenital heart disease associated PAH (CHD-PAH)]. Analyze the clinical features of 8 cases of patients and pregnancy outcome.Results (1) In 8 patients,4 cases were IPAH, none of them with primary diseases, and they were complicated with severe tricuspid regurgitation. 4 cases were CHD-PAH, all with Eisenmenger′s syndrome. 8 patients were not preconception counseling and regular prenatal examination. (2) The pregestational cardiac function of 8 cases was gradeⅠ-Ⅱ, and it was gradeⅢ-Ⅳon admission. The estimation pressure (sPAP) of pulmonary artery systolic by echocardiography was 101 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa). In 8 patients, 7 cases were in pregnancy 27 weeks and beyond for treatment since the clinical symptoms increased, 1 case of pregnant 18 weeks for treatment caused by the increased clinical symptoms. (3) In 8 patients, 1 patient with CHD-PAH secondary to patent ductus arteriosus, its sPAP was 170 mmHg, dead at 12 hours after admission; the remaining 7 cases termination with cesarean section. 4 patients with IPAH were continuous epidural anesthesia, including 1 case for the intraoperative PAH crisis and respiratory and cardiac arrest with general anesthesia, 3 cases of CHD-PAH patients in 1 case with continuous epidural anesthesia, 2 cases of general anesthesia.(4) In 8 patients, 7 cases of median death time were 3 days after delivery, including 4 cases of IPAH patients death for 2.5 days after delivery;the causes of death were PAH crisis and heart failure. Time of death in 4 cases of CHD-PAH, 1 case was dead at 12 hours after admissions, the remaining 3 cases median death time were 13 days after delivery;the death causes for 4 cases of CHD-PAH were PAH crisis and multiple organ failure. (5) In 8 patients, 1 patient with CHD-PAH secondary to patent ductus arteriosus in gestational week 31 stillbirths occur. 1 case of pregnant 19 weeks had treatment of caesarean operation, the remaining 6 cases respectively at 28-30 weeks of gestation live birth, neonatal survival. (6) Before delivery, 4 cases of IPAH and 3 cases of CHD-PAH patients treated with alprostadil, iloprost, sildenafil, reduction of pulmonary artery pressure treatment, 1 case of CHD-PAH patient was dead after 12 hours in hospital, no drug treatment.Conclusions (1) PAH in patients need for consultation prior to conception, pregnancy must conduct regular prenatal examination, symptoms occur during pregnancy, the cardiac function was significantly decreased, and no improvement of drug treatment should be early terminated the pregnancy. (2) Compared with the pregnant women with CHD-PAH, faster progress and poor prognosis in patients with IPAH disease. (3)The patients during cesarean operation or intrapartumare easy to cause PAH crisis and heart failure or multiple organ failure. Taking active measures to maintain stability of hemodynamics is the key to prevent the occurrence of death of pregnant women with PAH.

Objective To establish a stable orthotopic transplantation nude mouse model of the human pancreatic cancer and to explore the role of monitoring tumor growth with noninvesive MRI.Methods The tumors cells suspension made by the subcutaneous injection of human pancreatic cancer cell lines PANC1 were used as the source of tissue for orthotopic implantation of tissue.and transplanted into the pancreas of 20 BALB/C-nu nude mice.After implantation,the successful rate,tumor formation time,tumor growth speed,tumor shape and the change of signal of the tumor were monitored and recorded noninvasively by MRI.At the end of the 7th week,all the specimens were examined by pathological methods.Results Thirty-five percent (7/20)mice with implantation of primary human PANC1 adenocarcinoma cells were detected to have orthotopic implanted tumors by MRI after 15 days,and all the 20 nude mice developed pancreatic tumor within 27 days after operations,and the successful rate was 100%.Compared with adjacent normal tissue,the T1 WI imaging of 90%(18/20)of all the tumors showed uniformly hypo-intense signal,10%(2/20)showed iso-intense signal,the T2W 75%(15/20)showed uniformly hyper-intense signal.The tumor size 2,3,4,5,6,7 weeks after implantation was(912.6±2.4)mm3,(94.3±11.2)mm3,(175.9±82.5)mm3,(395.8±126.6)mm3,(1290.2±167.2)mm3,(1583.4±87.4)mm3,respectively.Pathologic examination confirmed poody differentiated pancreatic adenocatcinoma and it remained the primary tumor's biolosic features.Conclusions The orthotopic transplantation nude mouse model was in accordance with the feature of human pancreatic cancer and was easy for noninvasive monitoring,which provided an effective and stable in vivo experimental system.

Objective To investigate the role of interleukin-17 (IL-17) in spinal dorsal horns in neuropathic pain (NP) in rats and its effect on activation of astrocytes.Methods In vivo experiment Sixty-four male SPF Sprague-Dawley rats,aged 6-8 weeks,weighing 180-200 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n =16),sham operation group (group S,n =24) and group NP (n =24).The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal pentobarbital sodium,the L5,6 spinal nerves of the left side of the rat were gently separated and exposed,tightly ligated with 5-0 silk suture and transected.In group S,the L5,6 spinal nerves of the left side of the rat were only exposed.In group C,no operation was performed.Mechanical pain threshold was measured at day 1 before operation and days 1,3,5,7,10 and 14 after operation.The expression of IL-17,IL-6,IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn was determined using quantitative real-time PCR at day 7 and day 14 after operation.At day 7 after operation,the activation of astrocytes in the spinal dorsal horn was detected.In vitro experiment Primarily cultured astrocytes of neonatal rats were randomly divided into 4 groups using a random number table:control group (group C,n=22),10 ng/ml IL-17 group (I10 group,n=18),50 ng/ml IL-17 group (I50 group,n-18) and 100 ng/ml IL-17 group (I100 group,n=22).In I10,I50 and I100 groups,the astrocytes were incubated with the culture medium containing 10,50 and 100 ng/ml IL-17,respectively.The proliferation of astrocytes was detected by MTT at 24,48 and 72 h of incutation or culture.The expression of IL-6,IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA was determined using quantitative real-time PCR.Results In vivo experiment Compared with group C,the mechanical pain threshold was significantly decreased at 3-14 days after operation,the expression of IL-17,IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA in the spinal dorsal horn was up-regualted at 7 days after operation,and the activation of astrocytes was increased in group NP,and no significant change was detected in the mechanical pain threshold at each time point after operation in group S.In vitro experiment Compared with group C,the proliferation of astrocytes was significantly increased at 48 h of incubation in I10 and I50 groups,the proliferation of astrocytes was significantly increased at 48 and 72 h of incubation,and the expression of IL-6 and IL-1β mRNA was up-regulated in I100 group,and no significant change was found in the proliferation of astrocytes in group S.Conclusion Up-regulated expression of IL-17 in spinal dorsal horns may be involved in the maintenance of NP,and the mechanism is related to promoted activation of astrocytes and induced inflammatory responses in rats.

Objective To investigate the prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) for early virological response in Entecavir (ETV)-treated chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients with genotype C infection.Methods Ninety-one genotype C CHB patients with HBV DNA≥1×105 copies/mL were treated with ETV (0.5 mg/d) for 10-13 days.The correlation between PLR and viral load decline was evaluated by Pearson or Spearman's rank correlation coefficient.Stepwise linear regression analysis was used to establish the prediction model of virological response.Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the predictive value of PLR for early virological response in ETV-treated patients with genotype C hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection.Results After 10-13 days of ETV treatment, HBV DNA decreased ≥1×lg copies/mL from baseline in 89 cases of the 91 patients, while HBV DNA declined ≥2×lg copies/mL in 65 patients and 4 patients achieved HBV DNA<500 copies/mL.HBV DNA decline was positively correlated with baseline PLR levels (r=0.235 09, P<0.05).After adjustment for age, gender, Hepatitis B e Antigen (HBeAg), and treatment days, HBV DNA decline was still positively correlated with baseline PLR levels (r=0.220 26, P<0.05).Area under curve (AUC) of prediction model including age , baseline aspartate transaminase (AST) and HBV DNA was 0.759 (95% CI : 0.660-0.859, P<0.01).After adding PLR to the prediction model, the AUC was 0.780 (95% CI: 0.685-0.875, P<0.01).Conclusions PLR is predictive to early virological response in ETV-treated CHB patients with genotype C infection.Higher baseline PLR level indicates a better virological response.PLR monitoring should be recommended in CHB patients with antiviral treatment in clinical practice.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of B10 cell involved in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy following myocarditis, and to develop potential therapeutic strategies.Methods:BALB/c mice infected with Coxsackie virus B3 induced viral myocarditis model. The expression of angiotensin (ANG)Ⅱ and its receptor in myocarditis mice was detected. The changes of B10 cells in the hearts of control mice and myocarditis mice were analyzed by flow cytometry. After losartan was administered to myocarditis mice, the degree of myocardial inflammation was detected by HE staining, the expression of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA, the myocardial hypertrophy was detected by wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) staining, and the changes of B10 cells in the heart were analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of cardiac troponin T (C-TNT) and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein in neonatal mouse cardiomyocytes treated with ANGⅡ and ANGⅡ+ IL-10 were detected. Cardiomyocytes were treated with ANGⅡ, ANGⅡ+ B10 cells, ANGⅡ+ B10 cells + IL-10 receptor antibody and ANGⅡ+ B cells to detect C-TNT protein levels, and Annexin-V/PI was used to detect the apoptosis of cardiomyocytes. Cardiomyocytes were treated with oxidized HMGB1, reduced HMGB1 and disulfide HMGB1, and C-TNT expression was detected.Results:Coxsackievirus B3 infection caused cardiac hypertrophy, high expression of ANGⅡ and its receptor, and transient increase of B10 cells in mice. Losartan treatment blocked the angiotensin receptor, reduced expansion of B10 cells. B10 cells alleviated apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and inhibited the production of HMGB1 induced by ANGⅡ patch by producing IL-10, thus alleviating viral myocarditis and cardiac hypertrophy.Conclusions:B10 cells may play an important role in myocardial protection in myocarditis.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of genes conferring aminoglycoside resistance in multidrug-resistant strains of Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-ABA).Methods Multidrug-resistant A.baumannii strains were isolated during the period from August to November 2012 from patients in the affiliated hospital of Jiangsu University and the First Hospital of Zhen-jiang.Kirby-Bauer diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of these strains to antimicrobial agents.PCR was performed to detect the aminoglycoside resistance genes.Results The 36 MDR-ABA strains showed high resistance rates to most antimicrobial agents except cefoperazone-sulbactam.The prevalence of the genes conferring aminoglycoside resistance, aac (3)-I,aac (6’)-Ib,aph (3’)-I and armA,was 72.2% (26/36),72.2% (26/36),80.6% (29/36)and 80.6% (29/36), respectively.Conclusions The MDR-ABA strains in this study are highly resistant to antimicrobial agents,which is closely as-sociated with the genes conferring aminoglycoside resistance.

Avian influenza has emerged as one of the primary public health concern of the 21st century. Influenza strain H5N1 is capable of incidentally infecting humans and other mammals. Since their reemergence in 2003, highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) viruses have been transmitted from poultry to humans (by direct or indirect contact with infected birds) in several provinces of Mainland China, which has resulted in 22 cases of human infection and has created repercussions for the Chinese economy. People have been concerned whether a new pandemic will occur in the future. The eradication of pathogenic avian influenza viruses appears to be the most effective way to prevent an influenza pandemic. This paper will examine the features of H5N1, including incidence, infection, immunity, clinical management, prevention and control, and therapy in Mainland China.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Animals ; Birds ; Child ; China/epidemiology ; Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; Influenza in Birds/prevention & control ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/immunology/therapy ; Male ; Zoonoses/epidemiology/transmission/virology