Objective To evaluate atrial septal defect (ASD) occlusion employing a small right anterior thoracotomy approach. Methods A total of 21 patients with ASD underwent general anesthesia and 2 -3 cm incision was made in the fourth right intercostal space. Utilizing transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography, the occluder was released using a monotube unit. Results All patients were occluded successfully. No patient required open surgery utilizing extracorporeal circulation. There were no major complications and no evidence of residual atrial shunt. Conclusion ASD occlusion via a minimal surgical incision is safe, less invasive, and has excellent outcomes.

Objective To analyze the survival curves of ASIC3 -/-and TRPV1 -/-mice, and provide a reference for further breeding of these strains of mice.Methods Forty-four ASIC3 -/-mice and sixty-one TRPV1 -/-mice were included in this study.The survival of the mice was observed in normal feeding for 500 days, survival curves were drawn, and their survival was analyzed.Results With the passing of time, the survival probability was decreased in ASIC3 -/-mice and TRPV1 -/-mice.The survival probability of TRPV1 -/-mice was significantly better than that of ASIC3 -/-mice (P =0.004, P <0.01).No significant difference was observed between the males and females of the same strain. Conclusions The survival probability of TRPV1 -/-mice is better than that of ASIC3 -/-mice.There is no significant gender difference in the two strains of mice.

Extracellular vesicles(EVs)are membrane-derived lipid bilayers secreted by bacteria and eukaryotic cells.EVs se-creted by Gram-negative bacteria have been extensively studied for many years,but due to differences in cell wall structure,EVs in Gram-positive bacteria have been disregarded.However,the production of EVs in Gram-positive bacteria was confirmed in recent stud-ies.Components of EVs are diverse,including proteins,lipids,nucleic acids and metabolites,play important role in biofilm forma-tion,antibiotic resistance,horizontal gene transfer(HGT)and pathogenesis.EVs have potential applications and are involved in the fields of vaccine research and development,disease treatment and drug delivery.Here,we review the latest findings on the biogene-sis,components,applications and functions of EVs from Gram-positive bacteria,hoping to provide a reference for the research in the field of EVs in Gram-positive bacteria.