Objective To understand the advanced schistosomiasis prevalence trend in Jingmen City so as to provide the evidence for improving the disease prevention and control. Methods The changes of advanced schistosomiasis prevalence were investigated and the distribution characteristics of the patients were analyzed in Jingmen City from 2004 to 2013. Results In re-cent 10 years the incidence of advanced schistosomiasis dropped from 0.014/thousand to 0.009/thousand and the regional dis-tribution of the patients did not change. The number of male patients was still more than that of female patients but more old ag-ing patients were found. The ascetic type and splenomegaly type of advanced schistosomiasis patients were the most. Conclu-sion In the next few years the advanced schistosomiasis patients Jingmen City will reduce quickly and concentrate on the ag-ing group and ascetic type.

Objective To evaluate the clinical curative effect,survival rate and adverse reactions of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy(3D-CRT )in combination with chemotherapy on lymph nodes metastasis of esophageal carcinoma.Methods Using supraclavicular 3D-CRT combined with chemotherapy on and simple 3D-CRT supraclavicular lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer patients,3D-CRT com-bined synchronous chemotherapy (treatment group),51 cases,only 3D-CRT 49 cases (control group).3D-CRT combined synchronous chemotherapy 51 cases (treatment group),simple 3D-CRT 49 cases (control group).These patients 3D-CRT were given the total dose of 50 ~60Gy/25 ~30F.TN chemotherapy regi-mens were applied:paclitaxel 135 mg/m2 ,d1;Nedaplatin 25 mg/m2 ,d1,1 ~3,21 days cycle in fist week and fourth week.Results Local control and treatment group survival rates in 1,2 year were significantly higher than that of control group (P <0.05).Treatment group adverse reaction rate is higher than the con-trol group,but there was no statistically significant difference.Conclusions The recent curative effect and survival rate could be significantly improved by 3D-CRT joint TN synchronous chemotherapy regimen for pa-tients with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis of esophageal cancer,but the relatively high incidence of adverse reactions,clinical application should be considered comprehensively according to actual situation.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse effects of low doses gemcitabine chemotherapy combined with synchronous high-low oxygen radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer.Methods Fifty-six patients with locally advanced pancreatic cancer were randomly divided into two groups by envelop method:radio-chemotherapy group or chemotherapy group.Patients in radio-chmotherapy group were treated with low doses of gemcitabine chemotherapy ( 600 mg/m2 ) combined with high-low oxygen radiotherapy synchronously,paients in chmotherapy group were treated with full doses of gemcitabine chemotherapy ( 1000 mg/m2).The short-term effect,distant metastasis rate,clinical benefit rate,survival rate and adverse events of two groups were observed.Results There was one patient achievedcomplete relief and 15 patients achieved partial relief in radio-chemotherapy group with an overall effective rate of 66.7％ (16/24) ; there were 9 patients achieved partial relief in chemotherapy group with an overall effective rate of 36.0％ (9/25),the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (X2 =4.6082,P =0.0318 ).The clinical benefit rates were 83.3 ％ ( 20/24 ) and 60％ ( 15/25 ),respectively,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant ( P =0.070).The distant metastasis rates were 66.7％(16/24) and 72％ (18/25),respectively,the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P =0.6855).The 12,24 months survival rates were 62.5％ vs 32％,37.5％ vs 12％,the difference between the two groups was statistically significant ( P =0.0325,0.0380).The incidence of serious adverse events was 45.8％ and 4 0 ％ without statistical difference.Conclusions Low doses of gemcitabine chemotherapy combined with high-low oxygen radiotherapy synchronously is better than full doses of gemcitabine chemotherapy with regard to total effective rates and 12,24 months survival rates,with no obvious increase in the incidence of serious adverse events.

One imported endemic of schistosomiasis occurred in historical non-endemic area in Shayang County in 2006.Through the comprehensive control measures of surveillance,control of infectious sources and health education,the endemic was controlled effectively.

Objective To investigate the effect of different concentrations of arsenic trioxide (As2O3,ATO) on neurokinin A (NKA) in renal tissue of BXSB mice and explore its clinical value.Methods Fifty BXSB mice (twelve weeks old and weighted 23～26 g) were randomly divided into control group,systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) group,and therapeutic group of three different concentrations of ATO.All biochemical indicators were analyzed before and after treatment.The pathology of renal tissue was examined by immunohistochemistry.The concentration of NKA in renal tissues was detected by ELISA and the concentration of NKA mRNA was detected by RT-PCR.Results The concentration of NKA in SLE group in renal tissue (299±26) pg/g was significantly higher than that of normal control group (122±7) pg/g (P＜0.05).The concentration of NKA in the SLE group in renal tissue was significantly higher than that of three different concentrations of ATO in low-dose group (151±14) pg/g,moderate--dose group (147±9) pg/g and in highdose group (155±14) pg/g (P＜0.05).No difference was found between three different dosages of ATO treatment groups and normal control groups (P＞0.05).There were no significant differences among three different dosages of ATO treatment group (P＞0.05).The side effects in low-dose group were significantly lower than those of moderate and high-dosage groups (P＜0.05).Conclustion NKA concentration expressed in the renal tissues in the SLE group is higher than that in the control group.Decreasing the concentrations of NKA mRNA in renal tissues may be one of the important mechanisms of ATO in treating SLE.Low-dosage ATO is safe and effective to treat SLE and has therapeutic potentials.

Objective: To investigate the effect of nerve growth factor-β(NGF-β) on the proliferation and cell cycle of human pancreatic cancer MIA PaCa-2 cells. Methods: MIA PaCa-2 cells were treated with different concentrations of NGF-β and K252a (inhibitor of NGF-β receptor TrKA) alone or in combination. Clone forming rate, proliferation, and cell cycle of MIA PaCa-2 cells treated with different strategies were examined by clone formation assay, MTT, and flow cytometry, respectively. Results: NGF-β significantly increased the clone formation and proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells (P<0.05, P<0.01). K252a significantly inhibited the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells (P<0.05), while NGF-β combined with K252a had no significant effect on the proliferation of MIA PaCa-2 cells. NGF-β arrested MIA PaCa-2 cell cycle in S phase, K252a arrested cell cycle in G_0/ G_1 phase, and NGF-β combined with K252a arrested cell cycle in S phase. Conclusion: NGF-β can enhance the proliferation of pancreatic carcinoma MIA PaCa-2 cells.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT) combined with thermochemotherapy in the treatment of locally advanced pancreatic cancer (LAPC).Methods From June 2008 to June 2011,70 patients with LAPC were divided into radiotherapy group (30 patients) and combination group (40 patients).Radiotherapy used 3D-CRT with a 90％ to 95％ isodose curve,a single dose of 1.8 to 2.OGy,and total radiation dose 50 ～ 70 Gy.The combination group patients received simultaneous thermotherapy at 41.5 ～43.5 ℃ (1 h/fraction,twice a week for 6 times),and hyperthermia given simultaneously injected using arsenic trioxide 20 mg,recombinant mutant human tumor necrosis factor(rmhTNF) intravenous infusion of 10 million U,4 to 6 times,or 3D-CRT at the same time and the treatment given after gemcitabine(0.6 ～ 1.0 g/m2) on Days dl and 8 and cisplatin (DDP) (20 ～ 30 mg/m2) on Days d1-3 intravenous infusion,repeated every 28 days for 3 ～ 6 cycles.Results At 3 months after treatment,the total response (complete remission and partial remission) rate was 70.0％ (49/70),the efficiency of radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and radiotherapy combined with thermo-chemotherapy were 56.5％ and 88.2％,and the radiotherapy alone group was 56.7％.There were significant difference in efficiency between radiotherapy combined with thermo-chemotherapy group compared to radiotherapy-chemotherapy group and radiotherapy group (x2 =4.68,4.98,P ＜ 0.05),the last two groups showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).The 1-year and 2-year survival rate was 46.8％ and 20.3％,respectively.The 1-year and 2-year survival rates were 52.4％ and 26.7％ in combination group,and 42.5％ and 16.2％ in radiotherapy group (x2 =14.17,P ＜ 0.05 ; x2 =9.74,P ＜ 0.05).No serious complications such as perforation,bleeding,and high fever were seen during treatment and follow-up.Conclusions 3D-CRT combined with thermochemotherapy is well tolerated and is relatively effective for the LAPC patients.

Objective To investigate the effects of artemin and its receptor GFRα - 3 on the invasion and metastasis of pancreatic cancer cells. Methods Human pancreatic cancer cell line MIA PaCa -2 was used in this study. Transwell cell culture chamber assay in vitro was used to detect the ability of invasion and metastasis of MIA PaCa -2 cells. The influence of artemin and GFRα -3 on the protein expression of MMP-2 and E-cadherin was investigated by Western blot and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction-analyses (Q-RT-PCR). Results As the increase of artemin and GFRα -3, the invasion and metastasis of MIA PaCa- 2 was markedly increased [ 150 ng / ml concentration: Artemin group: 107.4 ± 11.4;GFRα3 group:94. 4 ± 9. 3 ;control group:34. 6 ± 7. 3, P < 0. 01 ]. With 150 ng / ml artemin and GFR-3,the synthesis of MMP-2 in MIA PaCa 2 cells was significantly increased than that in control group[ Artemin grou: (2. 17 ± 0. 05 ) × 108; GFRα3 group: (2. 02 ± 0. 03 ) × 108; control group: ( 1.02 ± 0. 02 ) × 108, t =6. 35,7. 32 ], while E-cadherin significantly decreased [ Artemin group: ( 0. 65 ± 0. 04 ) × 108; GFRα3 group: (0. 74 ± 0. 01 ) × 108; control group: ( 1. 36 ± 0. 03 ) × 108, t = 4. 27,5.61 ], the difference was statistically significant ( P <0. 01 ). Conclusions Artemin and its receptor GFRα3 could promote pancreatic cancer cell invasion and metastasis. This effect may be related to the up-regulated expression of MMP-2 and down regulated expression of E-cadherin.

pancreatic carcinoma by some signal transduction.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of three dimensional confoimal radiotherapy(3D-CRT)concurrent taxotere for patients with esophageal carcinoma.Methods Ninty-six patients with esophageal carcinoma were received 3D-CRT concurrent taxotere,the radiotherapy was carried out by 3D-CRT,to a total dose 95% PTV 66Gy/33f/6.6W.The trial results were evaluated by the clinical curative effect criterion.Results Complete response rate(CR)was 67.7%.Overall response rate(CR+PR)was 89.6%.The local control rates of 1 year and 3 years were 86.5% and 63% ,respectively.The survival rates of 1 year and 3 years were 76.1% and 50.0%,respectively.The main acute toxic effect was radioactive esophagitis.Conclusions 3D-CRT concurrent taxotere could improve the overall response rate and survival rate of esophageal carcinoma.Although it increased the acute toxic effect,the patients could accept the therapy.