Objective: To observe the effects of neuromuscular blockade after combining atracurium (ATC) with veeuronium (VEC). Method: Fifty-four patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery(ASA grade Ⅰ-Ⅱ) were allocated randomly into 3 groups. After induction with intravenous midazolam-etomidate-fentanyl, neuromuscular blockade was measured with the train of four (TOF) to the ulnar nerve by monitoring the contraction of musculus adductor pollicis. The onset time and the peak effect were observed. According to the dose-effect relationships of the combination of ATC and VEC and that of either ATC or VEC given alone,the ED_(50) and ED_(95) were caeulated. The isogram and algebraic methods were used to analyse interaction between them. Result: The fraction ED_(50) values of ATC and VEC in combination were 52.26 and 11.71?g/kg respectively, The algebraic subtotal of combinations was 0.75

Results: The C 2-C 7 Cobb angle at last follow-up was significantly decreased when compared with preoperative value ( t=8.000, P=0.000), but there was no significant difference in C 2-C 7 SVA between pre- and post-operation ( t=-1.842, P=0.074). The preoperative T 1S was (19.69±3.39)°; there were 17 cases in group A and 19 cases in group B with no significant difference in gender and age between 2 groups ( P>0.05). The preoperative C 2-C 7 Cobb angle in group B was significantly lower than that in group A ( t=-2.150, P=0.039), while there was no significant difference in preoperative C 2-C 7 SVA between 2 groups ( t=0.206, P=0.838). At last follow-up, except for the curvature loss after operation in group B was significantly lower than that in group A ( t=-2.723, P=0.010), there was no significant difference in the other indicators between 2 groups ( P>0.05).

BACKGROUND:The greatest risk of osteoporosis in total knee arthroplastyisperioperative and long-term periprosthetic fractures. However, limited by the traditional concept of osteoarthritis patientswhousualy not associated with osteoporosis, domestic clinical trials have not given enough attention to the osteoporosis before total knee arthroplasty.
OBJECTIVE:To analyze the osteoporosis and its relative factors in osteoarthritis patients before total knee arthroplasty.
METHODS:Data of 81 cases (81 knees) of knee osteoarthritiswhounderwenttotal knee arthroplasty in the Department of Joint Surgery of Tianjin People’s Hospital from January 2012 to November 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. They received lumbar spine and hip bone mineral density examination before surgery. The correlation of bone mineral density with age, body mass index, knee motion range,and knee deformity was analyzed before surgery. The independent risk factors for osteoporosis before replacement were analyzed.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Of 81 patients, there were normal bone mineral density in 25 cases (31%), osteopenia in 35 cases (43%),andosteoporosis in 21 cases (26%). Al 10 males had no osteoporosis and 21 in 71 female cases suffered osteoporosis (30%). Theincidence of osteoporosis in females was significantly higher than in male patients (P=0.046). (2) There was a linear correlation of bone mineral density with age and body mass index (correlation coefficientr=-0.230, 0.225). (3) The age of≥65 years and body mass index≥25 kg/m2were independent risk factors of osteoporosis before replacement (P< 0.05). (4) Patients with knee osteoarthritis had higher incidence of osteopenia and osteoporosis before total knee arthroplasty. The degree of osteoporosis was negatively correlated with age, but positively correlated with body mass index. The age of≥65 years and body mass index < 25 kg/m2were independent risk factors for preoperative osteoporosis. Thus, bone mineral density examination is essential for those patients before total knee arthroplasty.

Objective To explore the feasibility of anterior cervical decompression assisted with the microscope and mobile microendoscopic discectomy (MMED),and to compare their clinical efficacy.Methods From May 2015 to February 2017,thirty patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) underwent anterior cervical decompression assisted with microscope or MMED.Among them,conventional transverse anterior cervical incisions were used,and intervertebral distractors were placed in order to complete the decompression,then the fusion and fixation procedure were conducted under direct vision,and the operative time and intraoperative blood loss were recorded.Of 30 cases,15 cases were in microscope cohort (anterior cervical discectomy and fusion,ACDF 12 cases;anterior cervical corpectomy and fusion,ACCF 3 cases),including 4 males and 11 females with a mean age of 54.00±11.10 years (range,32-71 years).Another 15 cases were in MMED cohort (ACDF 13 cases,ACCF 2 cases),including 9 males and 6 females with a mean age of 59.60± 11.10 years (range,39-73 years).Neurological and cervical function were evaluated before surgery and at the follow-up according to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) and the neck disability index (NDI) scores,and the neurologic improvement grade (NIG) was used to evaluate the neurological function.Results Both the microscope and MMED cohort underwent decompression successfully,and the visual field was clear.No neurological symptoms became worse.For the microscope,its lens and the instrument had to be adjusted separately,whereas MMED lens could move synchronously with the instrument.It was easier for MMED to reveal the posterior edge of the vertebral body and the left and right side of the spinal canal.The operation time of the microscope cohort was 90-180 min,with an average of 124.67±36.42 min;the M MED cohort was operated for 80-130 min with an average of 110.00± 15.12 min,and there was no significant difference between the two cohorts (t=1.440,P=0.161).The intraoperative blood loss for microscope cohort was 20-200 ml,with an average of 66.00±49.11 ml;MMED cohort was 30-150 ml with an average of 60.00±35.25 ml;there was no significant difference between the two cohorts (t=0.384,P=0.704).The JOA score of the microsurgery cohort improved from 8.67±3.20 preoperatively to 15.93± 1.53 at the latest follow-up,and its difference was significant (t=8.687,P=0.000).According to NIG,neurological improvement was excellent in 12 cases and good in 3 cases,giving an excellent to good rate of 100％.NDI was reduced from 18.00％±9.75％ preoperatively to 5.93％±2.58％ at the latest follow-up,with significant difference (t=5.137,P=0.000).The JOA score in MMED cohort improved from 8.87±3.11 preoperatively to 15.53±1.69 at the latest follow-up,and its difference was significant (t=9.413,P=0.000).and Among these 15 patients,11 were excellent and 4 were good,giving an excellent-good rate 100％.NDI decreased from 17.13％± 8.00％ preoperatively to 5.80％±2.43％ at the latest follow-up,and its difference was significant (t=5.592,P=0.000).There was no significant difference in JOA (t=0.680,P=0.502),NIG (P=1.000) and NDI (t=0.146,P=0.885) between the two cohorts at the latest follow-up.Conclusion Both microscope and MMED could provide a clear and magnified field of view,which was beneficial for adequate decompression during the anterior cervical surgery to ensure better clinical results.Compare to the microscope,MMED has relatively narrow indications and steep learning curve,so the surgeon should select cases strictly.

Objective: To evaluate of the specificity of a new norovirus (NoV) detection method of in situ capture real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (ISC-RT-qPCR) and to apply the method for the detection of NoVs in fresh strawberry. Methods: A panel of stool samples with different NoV genotypes and various inoculums were used for the experiments. Results: We found that all the tested samples of eight genogroup Ⅱ (GⅡ) NoVs could be detected specifically by ISC-RT-qPCR. Moreover, in contrast to the conventional RT-qPCR method , the situation that the Ct value increased as the inoculum of NoV GⅡ decreased was not shown using ISC-RT-qPCR. When we tested NoVs in strawberry samples by ISC-RT-qPCR, the minimum test limit could reach 1.36 genocopy/10 g of fresh strawberry. Conclusions ISC-RT-qPCR is an effective and specific technic and it could be applied for the detection of infectious NoVs from stool samples and fresh strawberry samples.