Objective: To study the influence of ligating different sites of carotid arteries on face and nose blood flow in rabbits. Methods:Different levels of carotid arteries were ligated using laser Doppler flowmetry to observe the change of blood flow in face and nose regions before and after operation. Results: Blood flow of rabbit nose was more than that of the face region. Among the four operations of ligating different blood vessels to reduce blood flow of face and nose region, the most effective method was to ligate ipsilateral carotid artery and its branches on the same side. Conclusion: Ligation of some relating blood vessels, resulting in the establishment of collateral circulation, and the blood flow is quicker in the early stage. [

Objective: The activity of nitric oxide synthase(NOS)in nasal mucosa of normal guinea pigs was compared with that of allergic rhinitis(AR)guinea pigs to investigate the relationship between NOS and AR. Methods: Localization of NOS in nasal mucosa of normal and AR guinea pigs was examined by means of NADPH diaphorase (NADPH d) histochemical stain. Results: Nasal mucosa of both normal and AR groups was positive for NADPH d, though the AR group reacted more strongly. Reaction was localized to the cytoplasm of glandular cell, epithelium and vascular endothelium. Conclusion: There is distribution of NOS in nasal mucosa of normal guinea pigs. The activity of NOS in guinea pig AR model was significantly stronger than that in normal group. NOS is related to AR. [

Objective: To investigate the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis at cell level by determing basophil histamine releasability in guinea pigs and attempt to find an objective way for the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis. Methods: A model of allergic rhinitis was established after healthy guinea pigs were randomly divided into 2 groups. The basophil histamine releasability to the stimulant of concanavalin A between normal and experimental guinea pigs was compared by means of fluorometric assay of histamine. Results: Basophil histamine release to various concentrations of concanavalin A in allergic rhinitis group was significantly enhanced as compared with that in normal control ( P

Aim: To report 3 cases of relapsing polychondritis admitted within a month, and to explore the therapeutic programme. Methods: Based on therapeutic effect of traditional immuno suppressant and their side effects, the programme was designed as follows: During acute episode, 60～90mg of tripterygium glucosides and 30～60mg of prednisone were medicated orally every day and 1ml(5mg) of diprospan was injected into the painful cortilaginous areas. After the symptoms subsided, the daily dosages of oral drug were gradually decreased to 30～60mg of tripterygium glucosides and 10～20mg of prednisone for four months' course. Results: All the 3 cases′ symptoms were obviously subsided within a half month. All of them were followed up for 22 months. hyperemia, swelling or pain were not fou and in all suffering areas. One case remained a mild cauliflower ear and another case a mild saddle nose. Conclusions: Otorhinolaryngologists need to improve the capabillity of detecting the relapsing polychondritis, in order to make the diagnosis and treatment as early and correctly as possible. Tripterygium wiifordii and steroid have a good therapeutic effect for relapsing polychondritis.

To study an improved translabyrithine approach, twenty adult cadaver heads (40 sides) fixed with formalin were dissected by mimicking translabyrithine method under light microscope ,and measurements were performed . The results showed that the rate of meeting with mastoid emissary was 33/40(82. 50%). The distance between the middle part of sigrnoid and the vertical part of facial nerve was 7. 22 ?1.95 mm. The width of the middle part of sigmoid was 10. 5 ? 0. 79mm, the left side was 8. 89 ? 1. 03mm, and the right side was 9. 88 ?2.14mm. The height of jugular bulb was 8. 08?3. 46mm,the left side was 6. 78 ? 3. 17mm,and the right side was 9. 07?3. 04mm. The distance between the highest point of jugular bulb and the base of internal acoustic meatus was 4. 54 ? 2. 81 mm, the left side was 5. 93?3. 12mm, and the right side was 2. 65?1. 87 mm. The distance between the inferior margin of internal acoustic meatus aperture and superrior petrosal sinus was 5. 09?1. 29mm . The diameter of superrior petrosal sinus was 1. 43?0. 08 mm. There were two types of superrior petrosal sinus entering to the sigmoid (or transverse sinus). The angle between superrior petrosal sinus and sigmoid was 52. 17 ?6. 93?. The results suggest that the improved translabyrithine approach can give enough vision for cerebellopontine angle operation.

In order to verify the dependability of 3D data, twenty-four temporal bones of adult head specimen fixed with formaldehyde were scanned by multi-slice helical CT. The technique of shade surface display and volume rendering were used in reconstruction. The 3D data of the surface structure of temporal bone were compared with anatomical specimens. The result showed that the new type CT has more rapid speed in 3D reconstruction and clearer imaging. The technique of shade surface display and volume rendering can give very clear structure of temporal bone. The 3D data makes no difference with anatomical measurement (no statistic difference). It is suggested that the 3d data can instruct the clinic directly.

AIM: There has been accumulating evidence demonstrating that activators for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ? (PPAR?) have antiinflammatory, antiatherogenic, and vasodilatory actions. We investigated the effect of PPAR? activator, fenofibrate, on trombin-induced endothelin-1 (ET-1) expression in cultured vascular endothelial cells. METHODS: Bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAECs) were treated with the PPAR? activator, fenofibrate. The ET-1 concentrations were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the ET-1 mRNA expression. RESULTS: Thrombin(10U/L) induced ET-1 release in BAECs [(22.4?4.7) nmol/g protein vs control (13.2?1.6) nmol/g protein, P

Objective:To investigate the surgical methods and results of enlarged translabyrinthine approachin the removal of large acoustic neuromas. Method:A large mastoidectomy involved complete exposure of sigmoidsinus, the dura behind the sinus for at least lcm, the superior petrosal sinus and the middle fossa dura. Thejugular bulb was exposed and pressed downwards if necessary. The internal auditory meatus was skeletonizedand uncovered for at least 270°. The debulking of the tumor began inside the anterior and inferior poles in orderto find the brainstem and the facial nerve root as early as possible, then the dissection of the nerve was performedmedially to laterally. Intraoperative facial nerve monitoring and postoperative CT and MRI were performed in allcases. Result:Total removal was achieved in all 18 patients with tumors larger than 3 cm (mean size:4.2 cm).There were no death as well as other complications such as intracranial infection and persistent cerebrospinalfluid leakage. There were no obvious cerebral sequela. The facial nerve was preserved both anatomically andfunctionally in 14 cases, with Grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ in 8 cases,Grade Ⅲ or Ⅳ in 6 cases. Nerve interruption occurred in4 cases who all had severe facial paralysis or nerve interruption before operation. 16 patients returned to workwithin 1～3 months. Conclusion: Total removal of large acoustic neuroma could be acomplished via thetranslabyrinthine approach, with good result of facial nerve function and minimum incidence of morbidity.

Myringoplasty using exogenous collagen membrane was carried out in 10 rabbits (20 ears) after complete removal of drumhead. The healing results were observed at 10, 20, 40, and 60 d, after operation. The 19 ears were transplanted successfully. Meanwhile, observational comparisons were made of the histology and ultrastructural morphology of the rabbits tympanic membrane before and after transplantation. The results confirmed that the graft has a good property of biocompatibility.and that it is of great practical value in the transplantation of tympanic membrane.

Objective: To study quantitative changes of cochlear hair cells and spiral ganglion cells after blast exposure in guinea pigs. Methods: The number of hair cells was calculated using the surface specimen technique and computer image analysis technique after blast exposure. The number of spiral ganglion cells was calculated using pathologic technique and computer image analysis technique after blast exposure. Results: Quantitative observation was carried out 21 days after blast exposure. The number of total hair cells in uncus, the first and second gyre in normal control group and in blast group was 3 599?159.6 and 6 022?98.4 respectively, and the number of spiral ganglion cells in the 2 low parts of cochlear in normal control group and in blast group was 51? 4.72 and 27? 6.94 respectively, the difference in mean value between the groups being significant. Conclusion: Not only the hair cells reduce, but also the spiral ganglion cells are severely damaged after blast exposure. [