Objective To review the relationship between absence of expression of DPC4/SMAD4 gene and pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma(PC). Methods A summerized paper was made on the review of relative literatures. Results and Conclusions A new gene DPC4 (located on chromosome 18q21.1 region) has been identified as a candidate tumor suppression gene. SMAD4 belongs to the evolutionarily conserved family of SMADs proteins that are crucial intracellular mediators of signals from the transforming growth factor ?(TGF-?). In TGF-? super family signal pathways, SMAD4 plays a pivotal role .There is a close relationship between absence of expression of DPC4 gene and pathogenesis of pancreatic carcinoma.

[Objective]To analyze the causes of anterior knee pain after intramedullary(IM) nailing treatment of tibial shaft fractures.[Method]A total of 256 patients with tibial shaft fractures were treated with intramedullary nailing from 2000 to 2007 in our hospital.There were 183 males and 73 females with a mean age of 45 years.All patients were followed up at least once after fracture healing.[Result]Among 256 patients,166 experienced anterior knee pain,accounting for 65%.Ninety-six(58%) treated with transtendinous nailing complained of and 70(42%) treated with paratendinous nailing complained of anterior knee pain.It was worsened after activity but relieved only in 33(20%) by resting or taking analgesic drugs.The anterior knee pain disappeared one year after the IM nailing was taken out.[Conclusion]Anterior knee pain can not be reduced by different approaches of operation for tibial shaft fractures.However,the removal of intramedullary nailing and the muscle exercises around the knee joint can reduce the occurrence of anterior knee pain.

ObjectiveTo observe the immunotherapeutic effects of dendritic cells vaccine pulsed with tumor cell lysate on mice with pancreatic carcinoma. Methods Dendritic cells (MTSC4)were pulsed with tumor cells lysate. The immune preventative and immnotherapeutic effects of DC vaccines on mice with pancreatic carcinoma were assessed. Results After vaccination of the DC vaccines, mice remained tumor-free for at least 25 days in DCs vaccines group,but in other groups the subcutaneous implantation tumorigenesis were found beginning 3 to 9 days. CTL stimulated by DC vaccines effected cytolytic activity against pancreatic carcinoma cells. The survival period was obviously prolonged in DCs vaccines group (56?9)?d than in other groups (P

From pregnant women's psychological point of view, the variant characters and the underlying causes are analyzed when they are in the period of childbirth and puerperium. The role of medical staff and the treatments in clinical psychological heath for pregnant women are discussed, which could help the pregnant women give birth smoothly and healthy in puerperium.

Objective To Study the effect of efflux pump-inhibitors(EPI)-Verapamil in photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin monomethylether (HMME) as photosensitizer on the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilms.Methods According to the administrator order of the verapamil and photosensitizer in PDT,streptococcus mutans,streptococcus sanguis,eosinophilic lactobacillus and actinomyces viscosus were used to establish the dental plaque biofilm model.The experiment was divided into five groups,group A was incubated with the photosensitizer and verapamil group,group B using verapamil before incubated the photosensitize,group C suing photosensitizer before incubated verapamil,group D with PDT only,group E was control group.After laser treatment,the influence of the dental plaque biofilms was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope.Results As saline-treated group is a group of normal the dental plaque biofilms.In PDT only group,compared with the saline group,red fluorescence increased significantly,the bacteria lose accumulation capacity,and were isolated and scattered in dispersed state.In PDT plus verapamil group,compared with only PDT group,green staining increased,bacterial activity increased.In group B,cells were incubated with verapamil before incubated the photosensitizer group,green staining increased significantly,red fluorescence reduced,indicating live bacteria increased,and bacteria activity was significantly increased.Conclusion PDT is an effective method in eliminating cariogenic bacteria of dental plaque biofilms.Bacterial efflux pump inhibitors can lower HMME-PDT inhibition cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilm,and pre-verapamil administration could significantly inhibit the effect of PDT treatment of dental caries.

Objective To study the application of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for dental caries prevention using whole body luminescence fiber,and to investigate the effects of PDT on the content of Ca and P in rat molar enamel.Method The rat dental caries model was established by inoculating with S.mutans.Eighty male rats were randomly divided into five groups,including three experimental groups:17 mW (8 mW/cm2) PDT (group A),34 mW (15 mW/cm2) PDT (group B),68 mW (30 mW/cm2) PDT (group C),a positive control group:20 g/L NaF solution (group D),and a negative control group:0.9％ physiological saline (group E).The experimental groups were treated by 40 μg/mL hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether (HMME) and 650 nm diode laser irradiation.The experiments were conducted for 4 weeks.The contents of Ca and P in the molars of each group were measured by inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry.Results The contents of Ca and P in group B,C and D after PDT were significantly higher than those in group A and E (all P＜0.05).The contents of Ca and P in group A showed no significant difference before and after PDT,while those in groups B and C showed significant increase after PDT (all P＜O.05).The increment of Ca in group A after PDT was lower than that in group D (P＜0.05),while those in group B and C were significantly higher than those in group D (all P＜0.05).There was no significant difference in the increment of Ca and P between group B and C after PDT.Conclusions In the range of the experimental parameters,the PDT promoted effect of tooth remineralization is better than 20 g/L NaF.The levels of Ca and P in the tooth enamel can be promoted by PDT treatment,and the contents of Ca and P are related to the pewer of PDT.The effect of low power PDT on the remineralization of enamel is not obvious.The contents of Ca and P in the tooth enamel are increased with laser power of PDT.When the laser power increased to a certain value,the change in contents of the two elements is not obvious.PDT can maintain the tooth remineralization microenvironment.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy(PDT) on the activity and structure of the dental plaque biofilm formed by the main cariogenic bacteria.MethodsS.mutans,S.sangius,L.acidophilus and A.viscosus were chosen as the experimental bacteria to establish dental plaque biofilm model.They were separated into three groups:group of PDT、group of chlorhexidine and group of normal saline.The influence of the dental plaque biofilms was observed according to plate counting of bacteria method.The changes in the structure of biofilms after PDT were analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results Compared to normal saline group,chlorhexidine cariogenic bacteria (CFU/ml) in plaque biofilms significantly reduced (P＜0.05),with the bactericidal rate 57.84％.After PDT treatment against artificial caries model,the number of cariogenic bacteria (CFU/ml) in plaque biofilms reduced more significantly (P＜0.05),the bactericidal rate up to 94.92％,and the structure of dental plaque biofilns changed evidently.ConclusionPDT is an effective method in eliminate cariogenic bacteria of dental plaque biofilms and to destroy the integrity of dental plaque biofilms,and it is a promising method for elimination of dental plaque and prevention of caries.

Objective To observe the effect of a specific T-cell induced by lysate-pulsed human dendrtic cells against pancreatic cancer(PC) cells . Methods Dendritic cells were amplified and purified from peripheral blood of PC patient and were pulsed with tumor cells.Then they were co-cultured with autologus T-cell in vitro and divided into lysate-pulsed DCs group, unplused DCs group, lysates group,and control group. The supernatants of every co-culture group were collected and the concentration of IL-12 and IFN-? were measured by ELISA. The capacity of DC induced proliferation of T-cells was tested.The specific cytolytic activity of CTL was assessed in a 4-hr 51 Cr-release assay. Results Difference in the concentration of IL-12 and IFN-? was statistically significant in lysate-pulsed DCs group(1161?239 pg/ml and 1044?312 pg/ml)than these in unplused DCs group and lysates group (P

Objective To observe the change of serum ischemia modified albumin (IMA) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.Methods Seventy-four end stage renal disease patients undergoing CAPD more than 3 months (CAPD group) were divided into 2 groups according to clinical symptoms of cardiovascular diseases:CAPD symptoms group (29 cases) and CAPD asymptomatic group (45 cases).Seventy healthy subjects were selected as control group.The serum IMA level and abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and heart color ultrasonic were examined and compared.Results The serum IMA level in CAPD group was significantly higher than that in control group [(92.33 ± 17.17) kU/L vs.(69.63 ± 9.24)kU/L,P＜ 0.01].The serum IMA level in CAPD symptoms group was significantly higher than that in CAPD asymptomatic group [(109.37 ± 21.34) kU/L vs.(85.31 ± 8.58) kU/L,P ＜ 0.05].The elevatory rate of serum IMA level and abnormal rate of electrocardiogram and heart color ultrasonic in CAPD symptoms group were significantly higher than those in C APD asymptomatic group [37.9％ (11/29) vs.15.6％(7/45),62.1％ (18/29) vs.22.2％ (10/45),P ＜0.05].Conclusions The serum IMA level in CAPD patients is elevatory.Serum IMA level is significantly higher in CAPD patients with cardiovascular disease clinical symptoms,it can be used for diagnosis of myocardial damage in CAPD patients.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of hematoporphyrin monomethylether-photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals in vitro with different energy.Methods Simulated lateral canals were prepared on extracted teeth.The specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and then were randomly divided into eight groups.Group A was considered as negative control,its specimens were irrigated with physiological saline.Group B was the positive control,they were irrigated with 5.25％ NaClO.Other groups were incubated with HMME at concentration of 40 μg/ml for 5 min,followed by exposure to light at 532 nm for 120 s with different powers in a spiral pattern.Groups were named C-H,in corresponding with the power 50,60,70,80,90,100 mW.Microbial samples (the dentin chips from simulated lateral canals) were taken before and after the treatments.The survival fractions in each simulated lateral canal was calculated by counting colony-forming units(CFUs).Results 1.The HMME-PDT-treated groups resulted in a significant reduction in the number of E.faecalis in simulated lateral canals compared with the negative controls(P＜0.05).2.The antibacterial effects of group D、E、F、G、H were higher than the NaCl0-irrigated group(P＜0.05).3.The difference of antibacterial effects between the F、G、H groups was in significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion HMME-PDT had significant inhibitive efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals and the efficacy was power-depended.It can play the best effect with the power of 80 mW.