Objective: To evaluate the noise characteristic of different reconstruction type CT image by using the noise power spectrum (NPS), and analyze the correlation between this results and subjective vision noise evaluation. Methods: QA water phantom of CT equipment was scanned and 8 common reconstruction algorithms were applied to dispose image. NPS peak value, the peak frequency and standard deviation (SD) were compared with the subjective evaluation measurements, such as granularity, contrast, sharpness and optical noise level, by using the correlation analysis. Results: Each reconstruction algorithm owned different peak value and peak frequency. Granularity negatively correlated with the peak frequency. A positive correlation was found between contrast and peak value. Sharpness was positively correlated with both peak value and peak frequency. All of the subjective evaluation measurements were correlated with SD. Conclusion: Comparing with SD, NPS can reflect both intensity and morphological feature of the noise and possess applicative potential as a more comprehensive evaluation index.

Objective To evaluate the effects of penehyclidine hydrochloride (PHC) on the expression of Toll like receptor-4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κcB) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI).Methods Seventy-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 180-220 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =24 each) using a random number table:shame operation group (group S),ALI group and PHC group.Sepsis-induced ALl was induced by cecal ligation and puncture in anesthetized rats.In group PHC,PHC 0.45 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected immediately after cecal ligation and puncture.At 6,12,24 and 36 h after ligation,the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was collected for detection of TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations and the lungs were removed for determination of the expression of TLR4 (using RT-PCR and Western blot) and NF-κBp65 (using Western blot) in lung tissues and for microscopic examination.The pathological changes of lungs were scored.The wet to dry lung weight (W/D) ratio was calculated and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) in lung tissues was measured.Results As compared with S group,the IL-6 concentrations in BALF at 6,12 and 24 h after ligation,TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly increased in ALI group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with ALI group,the TNF-α concentration in BALF at 6 and 12 h after ligation,and IL-6 concentrations in BALF,the expression of TLR4 and NF-κBp65,pathological scores,W/D ratio and MPO activity at each time point were significantly decreased in group PHC (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion PHC inhibits NF-κB activation and decreases inflammatory responses through blocking TLR4 expression in lung tissues,thus attenuating sepsis-induced ALI in rats.

Objective To deeply understand the postoperative real experience of colostomy patients on ostomy management, and try to explore the difficulties and needs after discharge in order to provide theoretical basis for postoperative nursing intervention. Methods By using phenomenological research method, 10 colostomy patients were interviewed face- to- face, and the content was analyzed by Colaizzi method. Results Three themes were concluded: self- care obstacle related to ostomy; self- growth brought by ostomy; expectations for social support and family care. Conclusions Colostomy patients have to face so many problems after operation on ostomy management, and hospital, society and family have responsibility to help patients adapt to ostomy as soon as possible and improve their quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the perfusion parameters in different zone of placenta using CPS,to research placental blood perfusion of different zone. Methods A total of 60 pregnant rats were divided into 3groups, 15 day,17 day and 20 day of gestation with 20 animals in each group,the placenta was divided into the central zone and marginal zone. SonoVue was injected by tail vein of rat using CPS, the time-intensity curves of the central zone and marginal zone were drawn and perfusion paramcters were calculate by software ACQ and Sonoliver. Surface area densities of different zone of placental maternal blood space was measured with histoligical method,and using immunohistochemical marked the placenta vascular. Results Arrivel time(AT) and time-to-peak(TTP) of placenta central zone was earlier than marginal zone,the peak intensity(PI) of the central zone was higher than that of the marginal zone ( P ＜ 0.05). There was significant difference between the central zone and marginal zone of surface area densities of placental maternal blood space ( P ＜0.05). PI of the central zone and marginal zone and the surface area densites of placenta was positively correlated ( P ＜0.05). The placental blood vessels was not expressed by factor Ⅷ.Laminin in the placental basement membrane expression of 20 day of gestation was not continuous or missing. Conclusions The surface area densities of central zone and marginal zone was different. CPS technique can be sensitive to detect changes of the placenta vascular bed in different zone.

Objective To explore the influence of type A character on early renal impairment in elderly patients with essential hypertension and the protective effect of benazepril. Methods According to the type A behavior measuring scale, 80 cases with type A character and 80 cases without type A character were screened out from the elderly patients with essential hypertension. The patients received benazepril intervention with incipient dose of 10 mg daily, which increased gradually to the largest does of 20 mg daily within 1 month, The treatment lasted 6 months in order to make the patients achieve the normal blood pressure (BP). The general data, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ )> urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pretherapy and post-treatment respectively. Results There were no statistically significant differences at pretherapy between the two groups in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (all P>0.05). Ang Ⅱ [(60.3±11.6)mg/Lvs (55.8±10.2)mg/L], UAER[(83.3±23.3)μg/min vs. (75.7±16.3)μg/min] and β2-MG [(75.6±24.5)mmol/L vs. (66.0±19.4)mmol/L] were significantly higher in type A character group than in non-type A character group (t=2.598, 2.603, 2.742; P= 0.016,0.012, 0.008). TypeA character value of the two groups showed a positive correlation with Ang Ⅱ (r= 0.361, P=0.002), UAER (r=0.198, P=0.015) and β2-MG (r=0.202, P = 0.021). Only Ang Ⅱ (β=0.291, t=2.793, P= 0.008) was correlated to type A character value independently by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Before treatment in both of the type A character group and the non-type-A character group, there was a positive correlation between Ang II and UAER, (β2-MG, and obvious correlation in type-A character group. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Ang Ⅱ , UREA and β2-MG were all decreased obviously in two groups post treatment. And the variable value of AngⅡ was also positively correlated with UAER (r=0.373, P=0.005; r=0.282, P=0.032), fr-MG (r= 0.385, P=0.003; r= 0.279, P=0.039) before and after treatment. Conclusions Type A character can aggravate injury of early renal function by certain stress systems in the elderly patients with essential hypertension and benazepril has better protective effect for it.

BACKGROUND: Qinggong changchun dan (QGCCD) capsule has efficacy in profiting kidney-yang and bettering muscle or bone, it could treat debility, deficiency of energy, forgettery and tiredness and the ache of waist or knee in clinic.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of QGCCD capsule on stress capability of mice with kidney-yang deficiency.DESIGN: Completely randomized controlled trial.SETTING: Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengde Medical College (Key Laboratory of Research and Exploiture of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Hebei Province).MATERIALS: Totally 60 stirp Kunming mice, weighting 19-21 g, of either gender, of grade Ⅱ, were selected in this study.METHODS: The experiment was conducted in the Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Chengde Medical College from February 2002 to December 2002. Totally 160 Kunming mice of either gender were randomly divided into three groups:Swimming endurance group (n=60), tolerance of hypoxia at normal pressure group (n=50) and single macrophage function group (n=50); and mice in each group were divided into 5 subgroups, including 0.25, 0.5,1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups, model control group and normal control group.Mice were fasted for 12 hours and injected with 25 mg/kg hydrocortisone for 7 successive days to establish yang-deficiency model. Various dosages of QGCCD were given with the same volume of 20 mL/kg for 7 successive days. Mice in model control group were treated with the same volume of saline. Forty minutes later, testes of swimming tolerance, tolerance time of anoxia and engulfment capability of macrophage were performed on mice [To take 20 μL blood in the eyepit vein plexus after the mice were injected 2 minutes and 10 minutes later respectively, and to count the charcoal particle expurgation index (K) of macrophage] to observe effect of various dosages of QGCCD on swimming tolerance, tolerance time of anoxia and engulfment capability of macrophage.RESULTS: Data of totally 160 mice was entered the final analysis without normal control group were longer than those of mice in model control group [(10.94±3.79), (13.68±5.62), (14.58±5.49), (16.12±2.35), (6.45±4.87) minutes;ia of mice in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups and normal control group were longer than those of mice in model control group [(19.45 ±4.63),(21.18±4.25), (22.58±5.21), (23.12±4.78), (12.35±4.89) minutes; t=1.566,macrophage and K index of mice in 0.25, 0.5, 1.0 g/kg QGCCD groups and normal control group were higher than those of mice in model control group (0.023 6±0.010 6, 0.029 1±0.0092, 0.030 8±0.008 6, 0.031 8±0.010 1, 0.012 5±0.008 1; t=2.63, 4.282, 4.898, 4.714, P ＜ 0.05-0.01).CONCLUSION: QGCCD can prolong the swimming time of mice obviously, prolong tolerance time of anoxia according to dosage dependence,increase engulfment capability of macrophags, and strengthen stress capability of mice with kidney-yang deficiency.

Objective: To investigate the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)on high glucose-induced apoptosis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and the mechanism involved. Methods: HUVECs were cultured under varying conditions for 48 h, and the cell viability was spectrophotometrically measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry detected the ratio of cell apoptosis. Western blot detected the protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS, while NO assay kit detected the NO concentration.
Results: Treatment of high glucose (33 mmol/L) for 48 h signiifcantly decreased the HUVECs viability and induced the apoptosis of HUVECs, concomitant with decreased Akt and eNOS phosphorylation leves and subsequent NO production. Treatment with GLP-1 (3 nmol/L) for 48 h in the high glucose group increased the HUVECs viability (P<0.01), decreased the ratio of HUVECs early apoptosis (P<0.05), ameliorated the reduced protein levels of p-Akt and p-eNOS caused by high glucose, and increased the NO production (P<0.05). The anti-apoptotic effect and the increased NO production of GLP-1were inhibited by PI3K inhibitor wortmannine (100 nmol/L) or eNOS inhibitor L-NAME (100μmol/L). The effect on p-Akt, p-eNOS of GLP-1 was inhibited by wortmannine (100 nmol/L) while L-NAME (100μmol/L) did not have any influence on the expression of p-Akt.
Conclusion: GLP-1 can ameliorate high glucose-induced HUVECs apoptosis, which is probably related to the up-regulation of PI3K/Akt/eNOS pathway.

Background and purpose:Inlfammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). This study identified differentially expressed miRNAs in UC, CD and colitis-associated colorectal cancers (CAC) to explore their potential as novel molecular biomarkers. Methods:Tissue samples were taken from 13 UC patients, 3 CD patients, 12 CAC patients, and 8 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. The miRNA expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) assay. Known targets of deregulated miRNAs were utilized using miRWalk 2.0 database, and subsequent bioinformatics analysis of these target genes was performed by DAVID software (GO-analysis, KEGG-analysis and BIOCARTA-analysis). Results:The data showed that miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 were upregulated in UC, CD and CAC tissues compared with normal control. Moreover, the target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several key signal transduction pathways including cancer-related pathway and immu-nity-associated pathway. Conclusion:miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 may play important roles in the switching from IBD to CAC.

Objective By simulating a high-glucose condition of peritoneal dialysis (PD)fluid,to explore the effect of high glucose on the expression of leptin and its relationship with peritoneal angiogenesis.Methods Adipocytes differentiated from 3T3-L1 were divided into high glucose group (139 mmol/l glucose) and high mannitol group.Leptin levels in supernatant collected at 0 h,12 h,24 h and 48 h were measured by ELISA.Endothelial cells (ECs) were respectively cultured with normal glouse,high glucose,high mannitol condition,supernatants of adipocyte induced by normal glouse,high glucose and high mannitol,high glucose supernatants+leptin antibody,and high mannitol supernatants + leptin antibody.Tubular structure formation and migration of ECs were detected.Results Adipocytes exposed to high glucose for 48 h produced more leptin as compared with control group,high mannitol group,12 h-high glucose group and 24 h-high glucose group (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared with ECs in normal group,ECs in high glucose had less tubular structure formation and increased migration (all P ＜ 0.01).Compared with those of ECs in high glucose,the tubular structure formation and the migration of ECs in adipocyte supernatants induced by high glucose had increased (all P ＜ 0.01),and these effects were reduced by leptin antibody (all P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is an up-regulation of leptin in adipocytes exposed to high glucose,which may be an alternative way to prevent peritoneal angiogenesis.

Objective To explore surgical treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Methods Clinical data of 16 patients of UC undergoing surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Results In this series,16 out of 78 UC patients undergoing surgery included failing to control symptom by conservative therapy in 10, bowel obstruction in 3,suspected malignance in 3. Eight cases underwent total proctocolectomy and ileostomy,4 with total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis (IPAA),2 with total colectomy and ileorectal anastomosis,2 with partial colectomy. Conclusions The main indications for surgery in UC patients were failure of medical treatment, complicated bowel obstruction and suspected malignance. Total proctocolectomy and ileostomy is a cure for UC, total proctocolectomy and ileal pouch-anal anastomosis benifits defecation control but suffering from high incidence of stomal ulcer.