Objective To evaluate the clinical value of laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods Laparoscopic nephrectomy was used in 26 cases (transperitoneal approach in 19 cases and retroperitoneal approach in 6 cases), including 8 cases of radical resection of renal cancer, 7 cases of total resection of kidney and ureter (2 cases of carcinoma of renal pelvis and 5 cases of carcinoma of ureter ), 6 cases of non-functioning or atrophic kidney and 5 cases of living donor nephrectomy. Results All the operations were accomplished successfully. The operative time was 120 min ～ 250 min (mean, 190 min) and the intraoperative blood loss was 50 ml ～ 200 ml (mean, 130 ml). No blood transfusion was needed and no operative complications occurred. Follow-up for a mean of 16 months in 8 cases of renal cancer and 20 months in 7 cases of total resection of kidney and ureter revealed no recurrence or metastasis except for 1 case of local recurrence of ureteral carcinoma. Conclusions The laparoscopic nephrectomy has the advantages of minimal invasion, less blood loss and rapid recovery.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the inhibitive effect of Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with different parameters on dental caries formation in rats.MethodsWistar rats were infected with S.mutans to establish the rat caries mode 1.The rat's teeth were treated with 0.9% NS and 0.2% NaF as controls;laser,photosensitizer and laser plus photosensitizer,respectively as treated groups.Hematoporyrin monomethyl ether(HM ME) was used as photosensitizer and laser as the light source.The rats were sacrificed after five weeks.Keyes count was used to measure the inhibitory effect of PDT on dental caries.The surface morphology of the teeth was evaluated by scan electronic microscopy(SEM).Results The PDT-treated group and NaF-treated group showed significantly reduced Keyes scores compared with the negative controls (P＜0.05).The laser-treated group,photosensitizer-treated group and NS-treated group showed no significantly reduced Keyes scores compared with the negative controls (P＜0.05).The differences of Keyes scores between various parameter PDT treated groups were significant (P＜0.05).Additionally,Keyes scores reduced gradually with the increasing of laser power.The outcome of SEM showed that the teeth treated with different laser powers exhibited different changes in morphology.Conclusion HMMEPDT had significant inhibitive efficacy on caries development in rats and its inhibitory effect presented close correlation with the power of laser,which indicates that it is important to apply appropriate power in clinical treatment.

Objective The purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial effects of hematoporphyrin monomethylether-photodynamic therapy (HMME-PDT) on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals in vitro with different energy.Methods Simulated lateral canals were prepared on extracted teeth.The specimens were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and then were randomly divided into eight groups.Group A was considered as negative control,its specimens were irrigated with physiological saline.Group B was the positive control,they were irrigated with 5.25％ NaClO.Other groups were incubated with HMME at concentration of 40 μg/ml for 5 min,followed by exposure to light at 532 nm for 120 s with different powers in a spiral pattern.Groups were named C-H,in corresponding with the power 50,60,70,80,90,100 mW.Microbial samples (the dentin chips from simulated lateral canals) were taken before and after the treatments.The survival fractions in each simulated lateral canal was calculated by counting colony-forming units(CFUs).Results 1.The HMME-PDT-treated groups resulted in a significant reduction in the number of E.faecalis in simulated lateral canals compared with the negative controls(P＜0.05).2.The antibacterial effects of group D、E、F、G、H were higher than the NaCl0-irrigated group(P＜0.05).3.The difference of antibacterial effects between the F、G、H groups was in significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion HMME-PDT had significant inhibitive efficacy on Enterococcus faecalis within infected simulated lateral canals and the efficacy was power-depended.It can play the best effect with the power of 80 mW.

Objective To Study the effect of efflux pump-inhibitors(EPI)-Verapamil in photodynamic therapy (PDT) using hematoporphyrin monomethylether (HMME) as photosensitizer on the cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilms.Methods According to the administrator order of the verapamil and photosensitizer in PDT,streptococcus mutans,streptococcus sanguis,eosinophilic lactobacillus and actinomyces viscosus were used to establish the dental plaque biofilm model.The experiment was divided into five groups,group A was incubated with the photosensitizer and verapamil group,group B using verapamil before incubated the photosensitize,group C suing photosensitizer before incubated verapamil,group D with PDT only,group E was control group.After laser treatment,the influence of the dental plaque biofilms was observed by confocal laser scanning microscope.Results As saline-treated group is a group of normal the dental plaque biofilms.In PDT only group,compared with the saline group,red fluorescence increased significantly,the bacteria lose accumulation capacity,and were isolated and scattered in dispersed state.In PDT plus verapamil group,compared with only PDT group,green staining increased,bacterial activity increased.In group B,cells were incubated with verapamil before incubated the photosensitizer group,green staining increased significantly,red fluorescence reduced,indicating live bacteria increased,and bacteria activity was significantly increased.Conclusion PDT is an effective method in eliminating cariogenic bacteria of dental plaque biofilms.Bacterial efflux pump inhibitors can lower HMME-PDT inhibition cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque biofilm,and pre-verapamil administration could significantly inhibit the effect of PDT treatment of dental caries.

Background and purpose:Inlfammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic intestinal diseases, including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD). This study identified differentially expressed miRNAs in UC, CD and colitis-associated colorectal cancers (CAC) to explore their potential as novel molecular biomarkers. Methods:Tissue samples were taken from 13 UC patients, 3 CD patients, 12 CAC patients, and 8 age-and gender-matched healthy controls. The miRNA expressions were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTFQ-PCR) assay. Known targets of deregulated miRNAs were utilized using miRWalk 2.0 database, and subsequent bioinformatics analysis of these target genes was performed by DAVID software (GO-analysis, KEGG-analysis and BIOCARTA-analysis). Results:The data showed that miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 were upregulated in UC, CD and CAC tissues compared with normal control. Moreover, the target genes of these miRNAs were enriched in several key signal transduction pathways including cancer-related pathway and immu-nity-associated pathway. Conclusion:miR-146a, miR-27a, miR-29a, miR-20a and miR-21 may play important roles in the switching from IBD to CAC.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of photodynamic therapy(PDT) on the activity and structure of the dental plaque biofilm formed by the main cariogenic bacteria.MethodsS.mutans,S.sangius,L.acidophilus and A.viscosus were chosen as the experimental bacteria to establish dental plaque biofilm model.They were separated into three groups:group of PDT、group of chlorhexidine and group of normal saline.The influence of the dental plaque biofilms was observed according to plate counting of bacteria method.The changes in the structure of biofilms after PDT were analyzed by means of confocal laser scanning microscopy.Results Compared to normal saline group,chlorhexidine cariogenic bacteria (CFU/ml) in plaque biofilms significantly reduced (P＜0.05),with the bactericidal rate 57.84％.After PDT treatment against artificial caries model,the number of cariogenic bacteria (CFU/ml) in plaque biofilms reduced more significantly (P＜0.05),the bactericidal rate up to 94.92％,and the structure of dental plaque biofilns changed evidently.ConclusionPDT is an effective method in eliminate cariogenic bacteria of dental plaque biofilms and to destroy the integrity of dental plaque biofilms,and it is a promising method for elimination of dental plaque and prevention of caries.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the optimal operation mode for the management of donated drugs.METHODS: The possible problems existed in the management of donated medicines were found out through summarizing our practical experience in the inventory,storage and use etc of the donated drugs.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: In the management of donated medicines,emphasis should be attached to the inventory,storage and use of the donated medicines,meanwhile,a sound supervising system for the donation affairs should be set up to standardize the donation behavior,strengthen expiration date management and gradually establish the practical and effective work mode.

Objective:To determine the proper dosage of ~(125)I seed for brachytherapy of malignant glioma.Methods: C6 malignant glioma cell line was implanted subcontaneously in 24 female BALB/c nude mice and mice were allowed to grow till the diameter of the tumor reached 11 mm(7 ml),and then the mice were randomly divided into 4 groups:control group(without therapy),blank seed group,0.4 mCi(14.8 MBq) ~(125)I seed group and 0.8 mCi(29.6 MBq) ~(125)I seed group(seeds in the latter 3 groups were implanted into the center of the tumor).The growth of the tumor was observed and the growth curve was drawn.Mice were then killed and tumor specimen was obtained for H-E staining.Cell apoptosis was observed with flow cytometry and the expression of p53 protein was dectected with immunohistochemical method.Results: The tumor volume of 0.4mCi group was smaller than those of control group and blank seed group(P

Objective To test the central frequency (CF) and transmitter gain(TG) of MRI scanners,and set up their action limits.Methods Three different MRI devices (GE 3.0T HD,GE 1.5T HDi and GE 3.0T 750W) were tested by scanning American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom with the axial T1WI series.In the pre-scanning of T1WI series for the ACR phantom,the CF and TG were recorded.It was tested for eight times when MRI scanners were in good condition.The action limits of CF and TG were calculated based on mean values and standard deviations.Results The mean values of CF for three devices were (127 725 772.38±39.68)Hz,(63 875 740.13± 34.15)Hz,and (127 771 958.38±12.19)Hz,respectively.Their action limits were ≤119.04 Hz,≤68.30 Hz,and ≤36.57 Hz,respectively.The mean values of TG for three devices were (125.25±1.28)dB,(101.75±1.98)dB,and (113.25±0.89)dB,respectively.Their action limits were (125.25±2.56)dB,(101.75±3.96)dB,and (113.25±1.78)dB,respectively.Conclusion The CF and TG for three MRI scanners are all consistent with the action limits in this study.The CF and TG action limits will provide criterions for the clinical quality control.

Objective To study the inhibition effect of non custodial terpenes-3β-alcohol to experimentally in-duced autoimmune encephalomyelitis in guinea pigs. Methods Different doses (25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) of non custodial terpenes-3β-alcohol were given to the experimentally induced autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of guinea pigs by gavage for 8 weeks. Plasma levels of CD4+/CD8+, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, neuropeptide Y (NPY), beta endorphin (β-EP) , transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β), matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-2), nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and leuko-cyte differentiation antigen CD3 were assessed. The brain neuron morphology changes was observed under light microscopy while its ultrastructure changes was observed under electron microscope. NOS expression in neurons was observed through immunofluoresce technology. Results Non custodialterpenes-3β-alcohol inhibited the increase of plasma CD4+/CD8+, IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, MMP-2, CD3 and NPY while decrease of plasmaβ-EP, brain TGF-β. It also increase NOS expres-sion in neuronal cytoplasm and maintained neuron morphology. Conclusion Non custodial terpenes-3β-alcohol inhibit-ed the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in guinea pig.