Objective To study the optimum component proportion of media and the best fermentation conditions for the flocculatnt-producing strain B5. Methods Through single factor experiment to seek the best carbon sources, nitrogen sources and inorganic salts. Furthermore, through orthogonal test to select the best conditions for producing flocculants by strain B5. Results The best carbon source, nitrogen source and inorganic salt were glucose, (NH4)2SO4 and CaCl2, the content of glucose was 2.0%, the initial pH value of medium was 7.0, the temperature was 30 ℃, agitation rate was 160 r/min and culture time was 24 hours in flakes, 50 ml liquids (250 ml triangular flask), the inoculation volume was 0.2 ml. The flocculants produced by strain B5 under the best fermentation conditions has been furnished for multifarious waste water, the flocculating activities were from 88.4% to 97.2% and reached to the highest on the waste water of dairy farming. Conclusion The flocculants produced by the strain B5 is applicable to the waste water treatment.

In both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus,β-cell mass (BCM) is lost.Various treatments are developed to restore or reconstruct BCM.The development of non-invasive methods to quantify BCM in vivo offers the potential for early detection of β-cell dysfunction prior to the clinical onset of diabetes.PET imaging with radioligands that directly target the pancreatic β-cells appears promising.The ability to determine the BCM has been investigated in several targets and their corresponding radiotracers,including radiolabeled receptor ligands,antibodies,metabolites and reporter genes.Therefore,we summarize the recent progress in radionuclide molecular imaging of pancreatic β-cells.

Objective To study the presence of microflammation state in ESRD patients and the relationship between microinflammation state and atherosclerosis. Methods Inflammatory cytokines and carotid artery B ultrasound data of 246 ESRD patients and 43 cases with normal renal function as control were collected. The presence of microflammation state and its relationship to atherosclerosis were studied. Results The levels of inflammatory cytokines(CRP,IL 6,TNF ?)in ESRD patients were mostly in normal range, but still much higher than those in control.According to the level of CRP,the patients were divided into three groups.Significant differences of carotid artery B ultrasound and prevalence of cerebrocardiovasculer events were found between two groups with CRP levels less and higher than 4 mg/L. According to the history of atherosclerosis cerebrocardiovasculer disease,patients were divided into two groups. Levels of CRP, IL 6, TNF ?were higher in patients with cerebrocardiovasculer disease than those in patients without, but still in normal range. Conclusions There is a microinflammation status in ESRD patients. The microinflammation status may be a risk factor of high prevalence and mortality of atherosclerosis related cardiovascular events in ESRD patients.

To study the effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL) on PC-3M cell line, PC-3M cell line was incubated with gradient concentrations of TRAIL for 4--24 h. Annixin-V fluorescence staining and TUNEL method were employed to detect the apoptosis of PC-3M cells. The morphology of apoptotic PC-3M cells was observed by electron microscopy. The relationship between TRAIL concentrations and the percentage of apoptotic cells was evaluated by flow cytometry. The proliferation inhibitory ratio was calculated by using MTT colorimetry. Our results showed that apoptosis of PC-3M cells could be induced by treatment with TRAIL for at most 4 h. The results of flow cytometry and MTT colorimetry demonstrated a time- and concentration-dependent relationship between cell apoptosis rate and TRAIL concentration. It is concluded that apoptosis of PC-3M cells can be induced by TRAIL. Because of the selective killing effect of TRAIL on tumor cells, it may become a potential alternative for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer.
Apoptosis/*drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism ; Prostatic Neoplasms/*pathology ; TNF-Related Apoptosis-Inducing Ligand/*pharmacology

In order to compare the effects of several experimental renal calcium oxalate stones formation models in rats and to find a simple and convenient model with significant effect of calcium oxalate crystals deposition in the kidney, several rat models of renal calcium oxalate stones formation were induced by some crystal-inducing drugs (CID) including ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium chloride (AC), vitamin D(3)[1alpha(OH)VitD(3), alfacalcidol], calcium gluconate, ammonium oxalate, gentamicin sulfate, L-hydroxyproline. The rats were fed with drugs given singly or unitedly. At the end of experiment, 24-h urines were collected and the serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the extents of calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the renal tissue, urinary calcium and oxalate excretion were measured. The serum Cr levels in the stone-forming groups were significantly higher than those in the control group except for the group EG+L-hydroxyproline, group calcium gluconate and group oxalate. Blood BUN concentration was significantly higher in rats fed with CID than that in control group except for group EG+L-hydroxyproline and group ammonium oxalate plus calcium gluconate. In the group of rats administered with EG plus Vitamin D(3), the deposition of calcium oxalate crystal in the renal tissue and urinary calcium excretion were significantly greater than other model groups. The effect of the model induced by EG plus AC was similar to that in the group induced by EG plus Vitamin D(3). EG plus Vitamin D(3) or EG plus AC could stably and significantly induced the rat model of renal calcium oxalate stones formation.

Objective To report the clinical outcomes of applying endoscopic incision in the treatment of ureterovesical anastomosis site obstruction in transplanted kidneys. Methods Between February 2001 and April 2008, 13 men and 5 women with ureterovesical anastomotic site obstruction in their transplanted kidneys were treated by endoscopic incision with electrocautery or holmium: YAG laser. After the anastomosis was completely resected, two Double-J stents were placed in the ureter for 6-8 weeks. During follow-up, renal function, ultrasound examination and wash-out renal scintig-raphy were performed every month for the first 6 months, then every 3 months. Results Total 25 procedures of endoureterotomy were performed and all procedures resulted in successful incision of the obstruction. No complication was recorded during or after the procedure. At the mean follow-up of 51 months (range 4-90 months), 5 patients presented with recurred obstructive uropathy immediately after the Double-J stent removal and finally underwent open surgical correction. Conclusions Endo-scopic incision is safe and effective in the treatment of ureterovesical anastomosis site obstruction in transplanted kidney. However, open surgical reconstruction should be considered if endoscopic inci-sion procedure has failed.

Objective To establish a scientific and sensitive evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital. Methods The evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital was formulated based on literature,semi- structured interviews and expert group discussion. Then, developing the evaluation index system of nursing quality for cancer hospital by two rounds of Delphi consultation. Results The experts′ authority coefficient was 0.862. The nursing quality indicators included 5 first-level indicators,9 second-level indicators and 73 third-level indicators. The Kendall coordination coefficients of the importance of the three level indicators were 0.354,0.217,and 0.243, The Kendall coordination coefficients of the feasibility of the three level indicators were 0.234,0.313,and 0.339. Conclusions Scientific nature and concentration indicator system of nursing quality for cancer hospital was developed. It will be used to provide quantitative basis for the control of nursing quality in cancer hospital.

Objective To investigate the resistance and ?-lactamase of cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods The minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined by standard agar dilution.Isoelectric focusing was used to measure the PI(s) of an isolate,s ?-lactamase,AmpC and ESBLs activity was confirmed by a three-dimensional extract method. Results The resistant rates of 40 strains were as follows: imipenem and meropenem 0.0%,cefepime 20.6%,cefotaxime(22.5%),ceftazidime 60.0%.The most isolates were demonstrated two or more ?-lactamase bands by IEF.Of 39 strains tested,ESBLs was detected in 31(70.5%) strains and AmpC-type?-lactamase in 16(41.0%) strains by three dimensional extract test. Conclusions These cefoxitin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae produced two or more ?-lactamases.It is imperative for clinical microbiology laboratories to detect and research ?-lactamases,especially AmpC enzyme.

Objective To evaluate the relationship between the blood flow values generated from MR arterial spin labeling (ASL) perfusion imaging and pathologic indicators of angiogenesis including microvascular density (MVD) counts and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression levels of VX2 carcinoma in rabbit soft tissue. Methods VX2 tumor was inoculated in the muscular tissue of right posterior limbs of 18 healthy New Zealand white rabbits ,on which arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging was performed by using flow sensitive alternating inversion recovery pulse sequence 3 to 4 weeks later. Arterial spin labeling images were transferred to an independent computer for post-processing and blood flow (BF) maps were generated from them. BF values were measured in 2-4 regions of interest (ROIs) for each tumor. The rabbits were sacrificed after MR imaging. The gross specimens of tumors were obtained and tumor tissues were taken from the non-necrotic regions corresponding to ROIs on BF maps. Immunohistochemical staining of the specimens was performed by using CD31 monoclonal antibody to calculate MVD counts, using VEGF antibody to calculate VEGF expression levels. Correlation between BF values and MVD counts as well as between BF values and VEGF expression levels was evaluated using Spearman correlative analysis.Results On BF maps, viable tumor tissues showed high BF values compared with muscle, but there were areas without blood perfusion in some tumors. Under microscope, the microvessels positively stained by CD31 appeared as light brown areas, and the cells positively staied by VEGF showed reddish brown areas within their cytoplasm. Totally 39 pieces of VX2 tumor tissue were analyzeed There was a significant positive correlation between the BF values(M =6. 4 ml · 100 g-1 · min-1 ) and MVD counts(M =6. 8) (r = 0. 906,P ＜ 0. 01 ), and no significant correlation between BF values and VEGF expression levels ( M = 8％ ) ( r =0. 116, P=0.483). Conclusion BF value can be used in evaluating angiogenesis of soft tissue tumor through its reflection of MVD counts, and thus may be helpful in evaluating the prognosis of soft tissue tumor and making plan for their treatment.

Objective To construct a new molecular biological method for the analysis of microbial species in lower respiratory tract infections based on 16S rRNA gene by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatograph(DHPLC).Methods The universal primer set was analyzed basing on the highly conserved regions of 16S rRNA gene.DNA amplicons of lower respiratory tract were analyzed by DHPLC to generate peak profiles respectively.The incorporation of 40-bpGC clamp into the amplification primet was essential to effectively discriminate genetic differences identification.Results The primers could only amplify bacterial 16S rRNA.Bacterial of amplicons which incorporation of a 40-bpGC clamp were effectively discriminated genetic differences in DHPLC.The results of clinical isolares identification showed 100%according with the traditional method.Conclusion DHPLC has not only high accuracy,but also is a convenient,rapid and high-through technique for the discrimination bacteria.It has potential value in the detection of lower respiratory pathogenic bacteria.