Objective To investigate 25S rDNA genotype distribution of vaginal Candida albicans and its relationship with antifungal susceptibility. Methods A total of 954 isolates of Candida albicans were subjected to genotype analysis according to the presence and the size of transposable groupⅠintron in 25S rDNA with PCR; 156 isolates were enrolled to detect their antifungal susceptibility of 5 antifungal agents with the M27-A3 broth microdilution method. Results Totally 876 isolates were determined to be intronless genotype A (91.8%,876/954); 58 (6.1%, 58/954) and 20 isolates (2.1%, 20/954) were intron-containing genotype B and genotype C, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of itraconazole and fluconazole against the intron-containing group were significantly higher than those of the intronless group (0.25 versus 0.125μg/ml, P<0.05;0.25 versus 0.125μg/ml, P<0.01), whereas the MIC of nystatin against the intron-containing group was lower than that of the intronless group (4 versus 8μg/ml, P<0.01). The resistance rate of Candida albicans to itraconazole of the intron-containing group was significantly higher than that of the intronless group [24% (19/78) versus 3% (2/78), P<0.01]. Cross-resistance analysis revealed 5 of the 21 (24%) itraconazole resistant isolates were cross-resistant to fluconazole ,and 5 of the 6 (5/6) fluconazole-resistant strains were cross-resistant to itraconazole. Besides, all the five strains simultaneously resistant to itraconazole and fluconazole belonged to the intron-containing group. Conclusion The presence of the transposable group Ⅰ intron in 25S rDNA of vaginal Candida albicans might be important in affecting itraconazole, fluconazole and nystatin susceptibility.

Objective:To study the content of total flavones in different parts of Mosla dianthera harvested in different seasons to pro-vide reference for the determination of optimal medicinal part and harvesting time of the plant. Methods:The total flavones content of M. dianthera was determined by TLC-UV. Results:The content of total flavones extracted from the plant in September was highest, and that in the leaves was much higher than that in the stems or the roots. Conclusion:It is advisable to harvest the aerial parts of M. dianthera in September.

Object To study the DNA fingerprinting of Arctium lappa L obtained from different localities Methods DNA fingerprinting of samples of crude and processed A lappa collected from four large commercial centers were examined by RAPD Results All crude A lappa showed similar fingerprinting characteristics, while the processed products gave considerable different results Conclusion DNA fingerprinting study is a reliant method to differentiate crude A lappa from its processed product

Objective: To observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture plus TDP for treating functional dyspepsia Methods: Sixty cases of functional dyspepsia were treated with electroacupuncture plus TDP, and another 60 cases were treated with Domperidone as a control. Results: After 10 treatments, the curative rate in treatment group was 33.3%, with a total effective rate of 91.7%. While in control group, the curative rate was 13.3%, with a total effective rate of 66.7%. There were significant differences between the two groups (P＜0.01,P＜0.001). Conclusion: Electroacupuncture plus TDP had the better therapeutic effect in treating functional dyspepsia.

Objective To deeply understand the postoperative real experience of colostomy patients on ostomy management, and try to explore the difficulties and needs after discharge in order to provide theoretical basis for postoperative nursing intervention. Methods By using phenomenological research method, 10 colostomy patients were interviewed face- to- face, and the content was analyzed by Colaizzi method. Results Three themes were concluded: self- care obstacle related to ostomy; self- growth brought by ostomy; expectations for social support and family care. Conclusions Colostomy patients have to face so many problems after operation on ostomy management, and hospital, society and family have responsibility to help patients adapt to ostomy as soon as possible and improve their quality of life.

Objective To calculate the maximum ability of the mobile medical team ( MMT) to treat the wounded in order to provide reference for wartime medical support .Methods The flow of casualties between the main units in an MTT is described,data on training is collected through video analysis and questionnaires , the workflow of each unit above is mod-eled by the method of operational research using WINQSB software , and the theoretical maximum value is obtained .Results The theoretical maximum ability of a typical MMT to deal with the wounded is 322 per day when all the function units are operating at full load .Conclusion Under new circumstances , data on an MMT are different from those in the past .Reason-able organization is needed to increase the efficiency while the amount of evacuation should be maximized .

Objective Postoperative pulmonary vein stenosis(PPVS) is a severe complication after total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) repair,and represents a significant surgical challenge with a high recurrence rate and poor prognosis.This study was performed to analysis the morphological patterns of pulmonary vein stenosis after TAPVC,and to demonstrate the relationships between the pathological patterns with their clinical manifestations,pathogenesis,surgical options and their prognosis.Methods Between March,2004 to September,2011,11 consecutive patients with PPVS underwent reoperations.Supracardiac type in 5 cases,intracardiac type in 3 cases,mixed type in 1 case,single ventricle associated with supracardiac type in 1 case and infracardiac type in 1 cases.The age was 23 days to 28 months,body weight at the first operation was 5-19 kg,the median weight (10.7 ± 5.1) kg.The age at reoperation was 4 months to 6 years,the interval between the first and second operation was 82 days to 5 years.Morphological patterns of PPVS was classified into 4 types based on the preoperative imaging examinations and surgical findings:(1) anastomic stenosis (type Ⅰ),(2) ostial stenosis of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅱ),(3) segemental stenosis of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅲ),(4) complete occulsion of individual pulmonary vein (type Ⅳ).One or more pathological patterns may exit in one patient,and may involved one or more individual pulmonary veins.Fibrous resection in 1 case,patch augmentation in 3 cases,individual pulmonary endarterectomy in 7 cases and sutureless technique in 5 cases.Cardiopulmonary bypass with moderate hypothermia were used in 8 cases,with deep hypothermia and circulatory arrest in 3 cases.Results Type Ⅰ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ in 2 cases,type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ in 1 cases,type Ⅰ,type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ in 1 case,type Ⅱ and Ⅲ in 2 cases,type Ⅱ and Ⅳ in 1 case and type Ⅳ in 2 cases were found in our series.There was no early mortality,I case with residual anastomic obstruction and 2 cases with individual pulmonary vein obstruction.One patient died 17 monthes after reoperation,and the intermediate mortality was 10％.Reoperation was done in 1 case for recurrent pulmonary vein obstruction.Two patients need ViagTa or Bosentan for long time.The others did well during follow-up.Conclusion PPVS is a kind of progressive disease.The morphological patterns of PPVS are related to their clinical presentations and its pathogenesis,and are very important to make surgical decisions and pridict the patient's prognosis.

Objective To understand the current situation about flexible position switch of non-licensed nurses in Chongqing, to discuss the cause of the flexible position switch, and to provide basic information for constructing scientific managerial measure. Methods Using the stratified clustering method to sample the nurses from 18 hospitals of different ranks in Chongqing and investigated them with self-designed questionnaire. Results Among the 1145 non- licensed nurses joining the investigation, 42.53%and 52.49% of them showed the will to switch their positions or occupations, 84.89% of them objected their children to occupy themselves with nursing service. 68.56% non-licensed nurses believed that flexible position switching had influence on themselves, while 74.50% of them believed that flexible position switching had impacts on hospitals. The main cause of the flexible position switching of non-licensed nurses included: feeling their work not beyond exceptions、 not enough respect in hospital 、lack of further development, and so on. Conclusions The high rate of will for flexible position switch cause great influences on the development of hospitals and non-licensed nurses themselves. Better treatment and raising respect should be given to them in order to stabilize nursing team.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the neuroprotective effect of gradient perfusion-rewarming after deep hypothermia circulatory arrest (DHCA) in piglets.Methods12 Shanghai piglets (3-4 weeks old) were randomly divided into two groups of A (experiment group) and B (control group),average weight (9.78 ±0.93)kg.Animal CPB model is completed with microinvasive technique.DHCA duration is 90 min in two groups.During the rewarming period,group A was rewarmed with gradient perfusion strategy,maintain the temperature for 15 min every 5 ℃ elevation of the core temperature.Group B was rewarmed according normal consistent rewarming strategy.PH-stat management is adopt in both groups.Blood gas analysis,rectal temperature,heart rate,ECG,blood flow rate of carotid artery,glumatic acid/aspartate level of jugular vein and protein NFB of brain tissue are monitored during and/or after the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).ResultsDuration of rewarming in group A is (67.3 ± 7.8) min,and (41.8 ± 3.6)min in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Sample collected at the beginning of CPB,15 min of rewarming,30 min of rewarming and 45 min of rewarming show that there is no difference between the blood flow rate at 15 min of rewarming; difference are shown at the 30 min and 45 min of rewarming (P ＜ 0.5 ).High performance liquid chromatography ( HPLC ) analysis show the obvious difference of glumatic acid level of jugular vein at 30 min of rewarming and 45 min of rewarming ( P ＜ 0.5),this kind of difference of aspartate can only be seen at the 45 min of rewarming.Histologic evaluation shows gradient rewarming has a better effect on preservation of CA1 area neuron in hippocampus,however,Immunohistochemistry doesn't find the same effect.ConclusionControlled gradient perfusion-rewarming strategy can improve the neuroprotective effect during DHCA,keeping the balance of the blood flow,cerebral local temperature and brain metabolism might be the mechanism.

Objective Infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, a rare congenital cardiac defect, is associated with high mortality. A modification was designed for the procedure to reduce the post-operative obstruction in the pulmonary venous. Methods From September 2005 to December 2007, seven patients with infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were treated with repair surgery through right side approach. The patients' age at operation was (70.57 ±44.67) days , the weight was (4.07 ±0.87) kg. Three patients had pulmonary venous obstruction, and 2 with small PFO. A modified right - side approach for repairing this defect was used. Results No death occurred after the operation. The postoperative complications included low cardiac output in 5 patients (71.43%), pulmonary hypertension crisis in 3patients ( 42.86% ) , mechanical ventilation for more than 7 days, which happened in 2 patients (28.58%) and pulmonary infection. All of the patients received follow-up. No residual shunt and pulmonary venous return obstruction were identified on echocardiogram(with a velocity from 1.2 m/s to 1.47 m/s). The heart function of patients was within the normal range(EF 0.70 -0.79, FS 0.32 -0.44). Conclusion The modified surgical procedure for the correction of infracardiac total anomalous pulmonary venous connection by right side approach was associated with favorite clinical outcomes, The post-operative outcomes depended on the size of anastomosis between the common vein and left atrium and the patency of the pulmonary venous return. Adequate size of anastomosis and maintenance of the spatial structures in adjacent regions were helpful in decreasing the adverse effect of postoperative obstruction.