Objective: To evaluate the noise characteristic of different reconstruction type CT image by using the noise power spectrum (NPS), and analyze the correlation between this results and subjective vision noise evaluation. Methods: QA water phantom of CT equipment was scanned and 8 common reconstruction algorithms were applied to dispose image. NPS peak value, the peak frequency and standard deviation (SD) were compared with the subjective evaluation measurements, such as granularity, contrast, sharpness and optical noise level, by using the correlation analysis. Results: Each reconstruction algorithm owned different peak value and peak frequency. Granularity negatively correlated with the peak frequency. A positive correlation was found between contrast and peak value. Sharpness was positively correlated with both peak value and peak frequency. All of the subjective evaluation measurements were correlated with SD. Conclusion: Comparing with SD, NPS can reflect both intensity and morphological feature of the noise and possess applicative potential as a more comprehensive evaluation index.

The tumor metastasis is the major cause of the death of cancer patients.S-100A4 is a member of the S100 family of calcium-binding proteins and has been categorized as a metastasis-associated protein.S-100A4 is a candidate as a molecular marker for metastatic potential with high prognostic significance.An increase in S-100A4 protein expression has been correlated with poor prognosis of patients with breast,colorectal,gallbladder,bladder,esophageal,nonsmall-cell lung,gastric,medulloblastoma,pancreatic and hepatocellular cancers.The overexpression of S-100A4 protein can induce the increase of invasion and mobility of the tumor cells.It has been considered that S-100A4 is secreted by the tumor and stroma cells as a regulator of tumor metastasis.S-100A4 can regulate the progress of cell cycle,change cell adhesion,cell mobility and increase the survival ability of the tumor cells.

Oncogene-induced senenscence(OIS) is defined as a stable proliferative arrest of normal cells upon overexpression of aberrant proliferative signals of oncogenes through MAPK and PI3K pathway.The molecular mechanism of OIS is related to the formation of heterochromatin and DNA-damage check-point response.The markers of OIS includ senescence-associated ?-galactosidase and senescence-associated heterochromatin foci.With the growing recognization of OIS,the new models of tumor progression are emerging.The further investigation on the mechanism of OIS is of great significance to understanding of the tumorigenesis and provide new ideas and methods of cancer treatment.

To investigate the changes in the expression of G proteins ? subunit mRNA in non functioning thyroid adenoma (NFTA) and thyroid papillary cancer (TPC). Eleven thyroid specimens were obtained during surgery, 6 of which from patients with NFTA and 5 from patients with TPC. The expression levels of stimulating and inhibiting G protein ? subunit mRNAs were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The expression levels of Gsa mRNA in TPCs were significantly higher than those in normal thyroids and NFTAs( P

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics of familial adrenocorticotropin-independent macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (AIMAH). Methods The clinical and laboratory data of 3 patients with familial AIMAH were retrospectively analyzed. Results Case 1 was the proband. The mean age of onset of familial AIMAH was 59.3 years, and mean duration of disease was 6.7 years. The plasma ACTH levels of case 1 and case 2 were below 2.2pmol/L, and the secretion rhythm of serum cortisol in them was disorderly. Low or high dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 1, while only low dose of dexamethasone failed to suppress cortisol secretion in case 2. In case 3, all the plasma cortisol, ACTH level and their secretion rhythm were normal, and either low or high dose of dexamethasone suppressed cortisol secretion successfully. Ultrasound examination revealed multiple hypoechoic nodules in both adrenal glands, and CT scanning showed bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia in all 3 cases. Pituitary MR imaging was normal in all 3 cases. Conclusions The pathogenesis of sporadic and familial AIMAH remains unclear. Familial AIMAH provides an evidence that genetic transmission of the disease may happen. The clinical characteristics of familial AIMAH are similar to those of sporadic AIMAH. It is possible that some subclinical cases among familial AIMAH ascape the diagnosis.

A retrospective study of endocrine dysfunction in 65 patients with Rathke's cleft cyst (RCC) was conducted. Before surgical operation, most patients with RCC had various degrees of pituitary dysfunction.Impaired gonadotropin secretion and prolactinemia were the prevalent abnormalities. Erectile dysfunction or diminished libido in male and menstrual disorder or galactorrhea in female were frequently seen. The panhypopituitarism appeared in a few patients with RCC. The patients would benefit by surgical removal, however,attention should be paid to avoid new damage of the pituitary gland during operation.

China ; Humans ; Pathology Department, Hospital ; standards ; Quality Control

Objective To discuss the diagnostic paradigm of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bilateral adrenal gland and pituitary involvement.Methods Clinical features of one patient with non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bilateral adrenal gland and pituitary involvement,manifesting fever of undetermined origin and refractory hyponatremia,were analyzed retrospectively.The related literature was reviewed,and experience in diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bilateral adrenal gland and pituitary involvement was summarized.Results Clinical manifestations of the patient was nonspecific,and there was definite evidence to support the diagnosis of infectious and autoimmune diseases.However,the abnormal elevation of serum lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)and ?2 microglobulin,which were suggestive of the diagnosis of lymphoma.The diagnosis of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bilateral adrenal gland involvement was finally established by adrenal gland biopsy under CT.On the other hand,the endocrine evaluation indicated there was pituitarism even though the lesion was not obvious on the MRI image.However,18F fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography-computed tomography(18F-FDG PET-CT)clearly showed lesions in pituitary,liver and lymph node of neck.With supplementation of hydrocortisone,sodium the serum level gradually elevated to above the normal range,and the lesions in pituitary and adrenal glands disappeared after three courses of CHOP chemotherapy.The functions of pituitary and adrenal gland recovered 3 months later.Conclusions Non-Hodgkin lymphoma with bilateral adrenal gland and pituitary involvement is a rare disease.Early diagnosis relies on the logical clinical evaluation and 18F-FDG PET-CT image.

As an income redistribution mechanism, the design of Urban Resident Basic Medical Insurance ( URBMI) should reflect the inclination to take care of vulnerable populations, such as people with chronic diseases and low incomes. Therefore, whether the healthcare services of vulnerable populations have been improved, is the most important indicator to determine the effectiveness of the URBMI. Using the DID model, this paper analyzes healthcare service utilization of invulnerable and vulnerable populations before and after the establishment of URBMI ( including both outpatient and inpatient) , based on the idea that these two populations have different socio-economic and health status. Then, based on the gap between the healthcare service utilization changes of different groups, we can measure the equity in URBMI. The results show that the establishment and implementation of URBMI has indeed narrowed the gap of invulnerable and vulnerable populations with different socio-economic and health status; health-care service utilization of vulnerable populations has increased significantly, and health status has significantly im-proved. From vertical and horizontal perspectives, the results prove that the establishment of URBMI has improved the equity of healthcare service utilization among different populations across China.

Objective To measure and analyze the external nasal morphology of normal Uygur in Xinjiang,which will provide the anatomical basis for the rhinoplasty.Methods From the Department of Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery of our hospital,we collected the Uighur patients' families as the research objects during January 2011 to December 2012,and at the same time Han nationality patients' families were set as control group.Related parameters of external nose measurements were completed,and the parameters of external nose of 95％ confidence interval calculated,and compared with those of Han people.Results The measured data showed that there were the 95％ confidence interval of the Uighurs external nasal related indicators; The nasal length,height,depth,dorsum slope length,temples,nasal tip angle of the male Uighur were greater than those of male Han; Uighur women had longer,higher nose,more slope length of the nose back,and greater nasal-facial angle and nosewing angle than that of Han women.The proportion of ultra narrow nasal type,narrow nose,the middle nose in Uighur men was 14.02％,79.50％,and 6.48％ ; that in Uighur women was 14.60％,67.72％,and 17.68％,respectively; compared with those in Han nationality,there was a significantly statistical difference (P＜0.05).Conclusions The external nasal morphology of the Uygur people in Xinjiang has its characteristics,with dominants of narrow nasal type; 95％ of medical reference range will provide an objective reference basis for the future clinical work.