Objective To study the changes of neural cell adhesion molecule(NCAM) and polysialytransferases(STX) mRNA expression and NCAM protein expression after whole-body exposure to 5 W/cm~2 microwave in rats.Methods A total of 36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups receiving 5 W/cm~(2) microwave radiation once a day for 0,1,3,5,10,15 d respectively.NCAM and STX mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR,and NCAM protein expression by Western blotting.Results The expression of NCAM and STX in rat hippocampus was obviously suppressed by the low dose electromagnetic radiation after 3-day exposure,then recorvered,and the lowest expression level was on exposure day 15.Conclusion Suppression of NCAM and PSA-NCAM is possibly responsible for the impairment of learning and memory ability induced by the electromagnetic radiation.

Acute liver failure (ALF) in children is severe syndrome with varied etiology and a rapid deterioration of liver function which results in coagulopathy abnormality and encephalopathy.ALF in children often carries a high morbidity and mortality.Laboratory tests is helpful for diagnosis and severity assessment of ALF in children and is useful for predicting survival or need for liver transplantation.The objective of this article is to introduce the values of laboratory tests in clinical diagnosis,prognosis and timing for transplantation of ALF in children.

AIM: To investigate the effect oferythropoietin (EPO) on the rats with heart failure (HF) in hypothermia and to explore its underlying mechanism.METHODS: The Sprague-Dawley rats (n=80) were randomly divided into five groups: control group (CON group), HF in low-temperature group (HFLT group), HF in normal temperature group (HFNT group), HF with EPO in low temperature group (HFLT+EPO group), and HF with EPO and LY2940002 in low temperature group (HFLT+EPO+LY group).All rats were housed in artifitial climate chamber.The animals in CON, HFLT, HFLT+EPO and HFLT+EPO+LY groups were under the low-temperature environment, while those in HFNT group were under normal temperature.The heart function was evaluated by echocardiography.The rats were then executed and the hearts were harvested.The apoptosis of myocytes was assessed by TUNEL method.The mRNA expression of Fas and PI3K was detected by fluorescence quantitative PCR (qPCR) and the protein levels of HSP70, Akt and p-Akt in the myocardial tissues were determined by Western blot.RESULTS: The rat cardiac functions in HFLT group were significantly deteriorated compared with HFNT group.The cardiac functions in HFLT+EPO group were improved compared with HFLT group.The cardiac functions in HFLT+EPO+LY group were significantly pejorated compared with HFLT+EPO group.The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT group and HFNT group was significantly higher than that in CON group (P<0.01).The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT group was significantly higher than that in HFNT group (P<0.05).The apoptotic index of the myocardium in HFLT+EPO group was significantly lower than that in HFLT group (P<0.01).The mRNA expression of Fas in HFLT group was significantly higher than that in HFNT group, and no obvious difference of the mRNA expression level of PI3K between HFLT group and HFNT group was observed.The mRNA expression of PI3K in HFLT+EPO group was significantly lower than that in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05), and that in HFLT+EPO group was significantly higher than that in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05).The protein levels of p-Akt and HSP70 in HFLT+EPO group was also higher than those in HFLT group and HFLT+EPO+LY group (P<0.05), and no obvious difference of the protein levels of p-Akt and HSP70 in CON, HFLT and HFNT groups was found.The protein level of Akt had no significant difference in each group.CONCLUSION: The pathway of PI3K/Akt may be one of the cardioprotective ways of EPO.EPO activates the PI3K/Akt pathway, upregulates the experssion of HSP70 (an endogenous protective factor) and inhibits the apoptosis, thus protecting the cardiac functions in the rats with HF in hypothermia.

Objective:To improve the determination method for compound sodium acetate injection. Methods:Atomic absorption spectrophotometry ( AAS) was used to determine sodium chloride, calcium chloride and potassium chloride in compound sodium acetate injection. Results:The linear range of calcium ion, potassium ion and sodium ion was 9.124 ×10 -7-1.369 ×10 -5 g·ml-1(r =0.999 5),1.501 ×10 -7 ~4.504 ×10 -6 g·ml-1(r=0.999 2) and 7.500 ×10 -8-2.251 ×10 -6 g·ml-1(r=0.999 5), and the av-erage recovery was 100. 4%(RSD=1. 4%,n=9),102. 4%(RSD=1. 6%,n=9) and 100. 3% (RSD=1. 1%,n=9), respectively. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible, and can be used to control the quality of compound sodium acetate in-jection.

Objective:To study the optimal extraction process of Yinxiejing. Methods: An orthogonal experimental method was used with reflux time, reflux times, ethanol concentration and volume as the influencing factors, and emodin and osthole content as the indices. Results:The optimal extraction conditions for Yinxiejing were as follows:refluxing twice with 2 h every time using 8-fold 80%ethanol. Conclusion:The optimum process is stable and feasible.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes ("deficiency of qi and yin" and "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin") and A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene, and to search the substantial genetic basis for micro-differentiation of TCM syndromes in primary immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). METHODS: A total of 120 IgAN cases meeting the diagnostic criteria were enrolled. The sequence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of megsin gene was tested. The correlation between SNP and TCM syndromes was observed. RESULTS: There were 83 cases carrying GG genotype, 34 cases carrying GA genotype and 3 cases carrying AA genotype in 120 cases of primary IgAN. There was a high proportion of "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" in IgAN cases with AA and GA genotypes, and a high proportion of "deficiency of qi and yin" in IgAN cases with GG genotype (P<0.01). Odds ratio in TCM syndrome distribution between GG genotype and GA plus AA genotype was 9.800, and 95% confidence interval was 3.969-24.199. The discrepancy also resided in IgAN patients with different genders and ages. CONCLUSION: A267G in 5'-untranslated region within exonal of the megsin gene may be one of the substantial genetic basis for differentiating "deficiency of liver yin and kidney yin" syndrome and "deficiency of qi and yin" syndrome in primary IgAN.

To examine the histological changes of diabetic rats' skin and the effects on the percutaneous absorption of hydrocortisone (HC, a glucocorticoid), male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, diabetes one-week group (W1), two-week group (W2), three-week group (W3), and four-week group (W4), while each group contained 6 rats. Diabetes mellitus (DM) rat model was prepared with the method of streptozocin (STZ, 40 mg x kg(-1)) intraperitoneal injection. Abdominal skin was cut to carry out an in-vitro penetration experiment on an improved Franz diffusion cells, and phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) was used as receptor solution. The solution was analyzed with HPLC, and then the penetrating rate can be calculated. Meanwhile, rats' abdominal skins of different DM periods were HE stained and made into tissue slices to find if any histological changes occurred. The penetrating rate of control, W1, W2, W3, and W4 groups were 2.39 +/- 1.25, 3.22 +/- 1.72, 3.02 +/- 1.89, 3.63 +/- 2.02 and 5.00 +/- 3.36 microg x h(-1) x cm(-2), respectively. There was significant difference between the control and the W4 group (P < 0.05), but no significant differences were found between any other two groups (P > 0.05). The tissue slices showed that compared to the normal rats' skin, little change was observed in one-week DM rats' skin, but the skin of one-month DM rats' skin was observed thinner, and it became much thinner than that of rats with two-month diabetes, especially the epidermis. After making a rat into diabetic, the rats' skin goes through a pathological change, and this change is closely interrelated with the increase of the permeation of HC. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the dose while some drug was applied on the skin in case of diabetes mellitus.

Objective To verify the clinical applicability of the published standard intervals (WS/T402-2012) for WBC , RBC ,PLT and Hb based on the health examination results of Han and Uygur populations in Urumqi .Methods This was a retro-spective study .The results of WBC ,RBC ,PLT and Hb from health examination individuals of Han and Uygur populations from August 2013 to January 2015 were collected ,9 307 health subjects age range from 20 to 79 years of the two nationalities were cho-sen using health examination information system .The percents of health subjects failed falling in the published standard interval were calculated to verify the judgment criterion ,fail falling rate < 10 .00% was regard as qualified .Results The test of normality revealed that the Han and Uygur′s results of all verified items were skewed distributions .The 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles of the results of two nationalities :WBC Han(3 .6 ~ 9 .6) × 109 /L ,Uygur(3 .8 ~ 9 .9) × 109 /L ;RBC Han Male (4 .3 ~ 5 .9) × 1012 /L and Female (3 .9 ~ 5 .2) × 1012 /L ,Uygur Male (4 .4 ~ 5 .8) × 1012 /L and Female (3 .9 ~ 5 .2) × 1012 /L ;PLT Han(130 ~ 351) × 109 /L , Uygur(145 ~ 370) × 109 /L) ,and Hb Han :Male (133 ~ 178)g/L and Female (111 ~ 153)g/L ,Uygur :Male (133 ~ 174) g/L and Fe-male (110 ~ 152)g/L .The significant differences of each testing item were found in the different sex from the same nationality(P<0 .01) .The percents of health subjects failed falling in the published standard interval were < 10 .00% in both Han and Uygur na-tionality .Conclusion The published standard reference intervals for WBC ,RBC ,PLT and Hb are applicable to our laboratory for the detection of Han and Uygur populations .

Objective To provide the objective evidence for reducing stat test turnaround time (TAT) reasonably through the comparative analysis of different intervals of stat test TAT between emergency department (ED) and intensive care unit (ICU ) . Methods Laboratory information system was used to collect data about blood cell analysis and biochemical profiles of department of emergency and ICU from 1st January to 31th March ,2014 ,then comparatively analyzing different intervals of stat test TAT be‐tween two departments .Results TAT outlier rates of stat CBC tests ordered by ED and ICU were 2 .4% and 15 .1% ,and that of stat biochemical profiles ordered by ED and ICU were 12 .3% and 24 .5% ,respectively .there were no significant differences in mean times between order‐to‐receipt of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ED and collection‐to‐receipt of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ICU [(11 .2 ± 4 .0) min vs .(11 .2 ± 4 .5) min ,P>0 .05 ;(13 .2 ± 14 .1)min vs .(13 .8 ± 9 .8) min ,P>0 .05] .ED had significantly shorter mean time of receipt‐to‐report than ICU for stat CBC tests and biochemical profile [(5 .8 ± 4 .4) min vs .(19 .3 ± 12 .5) min ,P<0 .01 ;(34 .4 ± 10 .9) min vs .(35 .5 ± 13 .2) min ,P>0 .01] .The TAT mean times of stat CBC tests and biochemical profiles ordered by ED were shorter than those ordered by ICU [(17 .0 ± 6 .2) min vs .(30 .5 ± 14 .9) min ,P<0 .01 ;(46 .9 ± 17 .2) min vs .(49 .3 ± 16 .5) min ,P<0 .01] .Conclusion The ED TATs for CBC tests and biochemical pro‐files are reasonably set ,and each interval of the ED TATs is well controlled .The ICU TATs for CBCs and biochemical profiles should be reset ,and the process of stat test for ICU should be optimized .

Objective To verify the clinical applicability of the published standard intervals of routine clinical chemistry (WS/T404 .1‐2012 ,WS/T404 .2‐2012) based on the health examination results of Han and Uygur populations in Urumqi .Methods This was a retrospective study .The results of serum TP ,ALB ,ALT ,AST ,ALP ,GGT from healthy examination individuals of Han and Uygur populations (from 2013 August to 2015 January) were collected and the healthy cases (age range:20 -79 years old) were chosen to calculate the 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles ,excluding the significant abnormal results according to the Medical Deciding Level 2 recommended by Staland .The percents of health cases not falling in the published standard interval were calculated to meet the judgment criterion of verification (<10% ) .Results The test of normality revealed that the Han and Uygur's results of all veri‐fied items were skewed distributions .The 2 .5% and 97 .5% percentiles of the results of two populations were as follows ,TP(Han 65 -81 g/L ;Uygur 64-81 g/L) ,ALB(Han 41-53 g/L ;Uygur 40-52 g/L) ,ALT(Han:male 9-51 U/L and female 7-42 U/L ;Uygur:male 9-53 U/L and female 6-43 U/L) ,AST(Han:male 14-42 U/L and female 12-37 U/L ,Uygur:male 12-42 U/L and female 12-38 U/L) ,ALP(Han:male 45-119 U/L ;Uygur:male 47-122 U/L) ,ALP(female 20-49 years old:Han 35-95 U/L and Uygur 40-104 U/L) ,ALP(female 50-79 years old:Han 43-131 U/L and Uygur 51-132 U/L) ,GGT(Han:male 11-71 U/L and female 8-54 U/L ;Uygur :male 11 -73 U/L and female 7 -55 U/L ) .The percents of AST results for Han's male , Uygur's male and Uygur's female not falling in the published standard reference interval were slightly over 10% ,but AST results o‐ver 10% were mainly under the lower limit of the published standard reference interval .The health case percents for the other veri‐fied items of Han and Uygur populations not falling in the published standard reference interval were under 10% .Conclusion The published standard reference intervals of routine clinical chemistry (WS/T404 .1‐2012 ,WS/T404 .2‐2012) are applicable in our la‐boratory for the detection of Han and Uygur population .