Galectins can recognize and specifically bind to β-galactosidase,and regulate the transformation and survival of tumor cells,and promote the migration and metastasis of tumor cells,etc.Galectins correlate with tumor diagnosis,progression and prognosis.Galectias also can serve as immunoregulatory molecules to regulate the survival,activation,proliferation and differentiation of immune cells,and are components of tumor immune microenvironment.

Objective: To study the effects of deguelin on proliferation and apoptosis of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and on phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) signaling pathway. Methods: After treatment with 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 μmol/L of deguelin for 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours, the proliferation inhibition rate of MCF-7 cells was measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Apoptosis rate of MCF-7 cells was detected with Annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate/propidium iodide double staining by flow cytometry and the apoptotic morphology was observed under a transmission electron microscope. After treatment with 0, 1 and 5 μmol/L of deguelin for 6 hours, 5 proteins involved in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway were examined by Western blot analysis. Results: Deguelin at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 μmol/L inhibited the proliferation of MCF-7 cells at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. There was a significant difference in each group compared with the control group (P<0.01). The inhibitory effect was more marked with increasing concentration and duration of treatment. There were statistical differences (P<0.05) among 5, 10, 15 and 20 μmol/L groups. However, 1 μmol/L of deguelin had no obvious effects on the proliferation of MCF-7 cells at 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours, showing no significant difference compared with control group (P>0.05). Deguelin at doses of 5, 10, 15 and 20 μmol/L induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells at 6 hours. There were significant differences (P<0.01) in the early and late apoptosis rate between the treated groups and the control group. The typical apoptotic MCF-7 cells were observed under the transmission electron microscopy. However, 1 μmol/L of deguelin had no apparent effect in inducing apoptosis of MCF-7 cells at 6 hours. After treatment with 5 μmol/L of deguelin for 6 hours the expression of phosphorylated phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN) (Ser380), phosphorylated 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDK1) (Ser241), phosphorylated Akt (Thr308) and phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) (Ser9) proteins were significantly reduced in MCF-7 cells, while there was no significant change in the expression of total Akt protein. However, after treatment with 1 μmol/L of deguelin for 6 hours, there was no apparent change in the expression of these 5 proteins. Conclusion: Deguelin can inhibit the phosphorylation of GSK-3β (Ser9) via inhibition of the phosphorylation of PTEN (Ser380) and PDK1 (Ser241) pathway, thus inducing apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation of MCF-7 cells.

Objective:To establish a method for isolating tumor infiltrating dendritic cells(TIDC)from mice models of Lewis lung cancer by positive selection using anti-CD11c magnetic beads.Methods:A total of 1.0?10~6 Lewis lung cancer cells were subcutaneously injected into a C57BL/6 mice at the lateral abdominal wall to establish the mouse model of lung cancer.TIDC were isolated positively using anti-mouse CD11c magnetic beads;they were labeled by anti-mouse CD11c,and then the purity of the isolated cells was tested by FACScan flow cytometer.The cells were also double labeled by PE-conjugated MHC-ⅡmAb and FITC-conjugated CD83 mAb or FITC-conjugated CD86 mAb to analyze the phenotype of cells by FACScan flow cytometer.Results:The positive selection using anti-CD11 c magnetic beads isolated(1.73?0.31)?10~6 TIDC from each gram of Lewis lung cancer tissue,which accounted for(2.18?0.29)%of the cells in the tumor tissues.The purity of TIDC was 96.49%.Electron microscope showed that the isolated TIDC had the typical character of DC cells.The positive rates of MHC-Ⅱ,CD83 and CD86 molecules in TIDC surface were(51.25?4.21)%, (3.48?0.34)%and(3.07?0.65)%,respectively.Conclusion:The positive selection using anti-CD11c magnetic beads is highly effective,simple,and economic,and is worth popularizing.

Objective To observe the effect of low level infrasound on neuropathic pain and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods Rats were divided into experimental and control groups after their L5 spinal nerves had been ligated to create a neuropathic pain model. The experimental group was subjected to 40 to 80 dB infra sound. The control group received no infrasound treatment. Paw withdrawal latency in response to heat radiation was measured and the average gray scale of the microglia in a slice of the L5 spinal cord was compared. Results The experimental group expressed significantly lengthened paw withdrawal latency on the 12th and 14th day. The average gray scale showed significantly weakened activation of spinal microglia in the 2nd week of infrasound treatment compared with the control group. Conclusion Low level infrasound can ameliorate neuropathic pain to a certain extent,which might be related with inhibition of spinal microglia.

To establish a rat model of diabetes-associated cerebral ischemia due to qi and yin deficiency and blood stasis, and to investigate the effects of Radix Ginseng, Rhizoma Chuanxiong, Rhizoma Polygonati Odorati and Rhizoma Polygonati Sibirici Granule (Shenxiong Yujing Granule), which has the function of strengthening qi, nourishing yin, and activating blood, on proliferation, differentiation and survival of neural cells in rats with diabetes-associated cerebral ischemia.

This study investigated the ability of millimeter-wave (MMW) to promote the differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) into cells with a neural phenotype. The BMSCs were primarily cultured. At passage 3, the cells were induced by beta-mercaptoethanol (BME) in combination with MMW or BME alone. The expressions of nucleostemin (NS) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) were detected by immunofluorescent staining and Western blotting respectively to identify the differentiation. The untreated BMSCs predominately expressed NS. After induced by BME and MMW, the BMSCs exhibited a dramatic decrease in NS expression and increase in NSE expression. The differentiation rate of the cells treated with BME and MMW in combination was significantly higher than that of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the inducing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

Abstract In order to achieve the goal of reducing the smoking rate among Chinese adults at ages of 15 years and above to below 20% by 2030, smoking cessation services require to be reinforced. The current Chinese smoking cessation service system includes short-term smoking cessation interventions and smoking cessation hotlines at the population level, and smoking cessation clinics at the individual level; however, these smoking cessation services suffer from problems of low awareness, low accessibility and low utilization rate. Based on the publications pertaining to smoking cessation services and released policy documents in China until June 2022, this review analyzes the current status, problems and causes of smoking cessation services, and proposes suggestions for improving the smoking cessation service system construction in China.

t of the cells treated with BME alone (P<0.05). It was concluded that MMW exposure enhanced the induc-ing effect of BME on the differentiation of BMSCs into cells with a neural phenotype.

OBJECTIVETo analyze pupils' neglect status aged 6-11 years in China's rural.

METHODSAccording to the principle of multi-stage stratified cluster sampling, to extract 7,943 pupils aged 6-11 years for the survey from 56 primary schools in 28 counties in nine provinces, from December 2012 to March 2013. Proceed questionnaire survey by the scale from "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 6-8 years in Rural Areas of China" and "Neglect Evaluation Norms for pupils aged 9-11 years in Rural Areas of China". And analyze neglect rates and neglect degrees of the different grades, gender, family types and different levels of neglect.

RESULTSThe total neglect rate of China's rural pupils aged 6-8 and 9-11 years was 40.2% (1,258/3,130) and 42.5% (1,498/3,526) respectively, which differences had no statistical significant (χ2=3.59, P=0.058); the total neglect degree was 46.04±8.87 and 44.78±10.43 respectively, which differences had statistical significant (t=5.01, P<0.001); the differences of neglect rates and neglect degrees between male (41.4% (657/1,587) and 46.28±8.76) and female (39.0% (601/1,543) and 45.78±8.97) of aged 6-8 were all no statistical significant (χ2=1.87, P=0.171; t=1.49, P=0.136); the neglect rates and neglect degrees of male (46.3% (816/1,763) and 45.53±10.11) were higher than female (38.7% (682/1,763) and 44.06±10.69) in the group of aged 9-11, which differences were all statistical significant (χ2=20.84, t=3.97, P<0.001); the male neglect rate in the group of aged 6-8 in social neglect (11.7% (198/1,691)) and the neglect degree in educational neglect (48.09±9.70) were higher than female (9.4% (155/1,648) and 47.37±9.89), which differences were all statistical significance (χ2=14.55, P<0.001, t=2.22, P=0.026), the male neglect rate in the group of aged 9-11 in physical neglect (20.4% (398/1,954)) was higher than female (16.7% (326/1 957)), which differences had statistical significance (χ2=8.92, P=0.003).

CONCLUSIONThe neglect status of Chinese pupils aged 6-11 years in rural was serious, and we should find out risk factors and provide efficient prevention measures.

Child ; Child Abuse ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Physical Examination ; Pupil ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population ; Schools ; Surveys and Questionnaires

ObjectiveTo study the mechanism of Huanglian Jiedutang （HLJDT） in treating mice with atherosclerosis （AS） by improving ferroptosis. MethodsA total of 10 SPF C57BL/6J mice were selected as a normal group， and 50 ApoE^-/- mice were randomly divided into five groups： model group， low-dose group of HLJDT， medium-dose group of HLJDT， high-dose group of HLJDT， and atorvastatin （ATV） group. ApoE^-/- mice were fed a high-fat diet for eight weeks to establish the AS model， and at the 9th week， they were given normal saline， low， medium， and high doses of HLJDT （3.9， 7.8， 15.6 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and atorvastatin calcium tablets （0.01 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， respectively， for a total of eight weeks. The formation of aortic plaque in mice was observed by gross oil red O staining and Masson staining. The levels of total cholesterol （TC）， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）， triglyceride （TG）， and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL-C） in blood fat were measured by the automatic biochemical analyzer， and the mitochondrial structure of the aorta was observed by transmission electron microscopy. The content of serum superoxide dismutase （SOD） in serum was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The content of reduced glutathione （GSH） in serum was detected by the microplate method， and that of malondialdehyde （MDA） in serum was detected by the TBA method. The protein expression of nuclear factor E₂-associated factor 2 （Nrf2）/glutathione peroxidase 4 （GPX4） signaling pathway was detected by Western blot. ResultsCompared with those of the normal group， the contents of TC， LDL-C， TG， HDL-C， and MDA in the serum and the aortic vascular plaque deposition of the model group were significantly increased （P<0.01）， while the expression levels of SOD and GSH in serum， as well as Nrf2， solute carrier family 7 member 11 （SLC7A11）， and GPX4 in aorta were significantly decreased （P<0.01）. Mice in the model group appeared mitochondrial fragmentation and vacuolation in the aorta， volume atrophy， mitochondrial crista reduction， or a loose and disorganized form. Compared with those in the model group， the aortic vascular plaque deposition was significantly decreased in the low-dose， medium-dose， and high-dose groups of HLJDT and ATV group， and the contents of serum TC， LDL-C， TG， and MDA in serum were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The contents of serum SOD and GSH and the expression levels of Nrf2， SLC7A11， and GPX4 in the aorta were increased （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and the symptoms of aortic mitochondrial vacuolation were alleviated. The number of cristae was increased， and they were ordered neatly. ConclusionHLJDT can reduce aortic vascular plaque deposition， decrease blood lipid and MDA expression， increase SOD and GSH expression， and ameliorate the pathological changes of ferroptosis， the mechanism of which is related to the Nrf2/GPX4 signaling pathway.