In order to compare the effects of several experimental renal calcium oxalate stones formation models in rats and to find a simple and convenient model with significant effect of calcium oxalate crystals deposition in the kidney, several rat models of renal calcium oxalate stones formation were induced by some crystal-inducing drugs (CID) including ethylene glycol (EG), ammonium chloride (AC), vitamin D(3)[1alpha(OH)VitD(3), alfacalcidol], calcium gluconate, ammonium oxalate, gentamicin sulfate, L-hydroxyproline. The rats were fed with drugs given singly or unitedly. At the end of experiment, 24-h urines were collected and the serum creatinine (Cr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), the extents of calcium oxalate crystal deposition in the renal tissue, urinary calcium and oxalate excretion were measured. The serum Cr levels in the stone-forming groups were significantly higher than those in the control group except for the group EG+L-hydroxyproline, group calcium gluconate and group oxalate. Blood BUN concentration was significantly higher in rats fed with CID than that in control group except for group EG+L-hydroxyproline and group ammonium oxalate plus calcium gluconate. In the group of rats administered with EG plus Vitamin D(3), the deposition of calcium oxalate crystal in the renal tissue and urinary calcium excretion were significantly greater than other model groups. The effect of the model induced by EG plus AC was similar to that in the group induced by EG plus Vitamin D(3). EG plus Vitamin D(3) or EG plus AC could stably and significantly induced the rat model of renal calcium oxalate stones formation.

Objective To explore the influence of type A character on early renal impairment in elderly patients with essential hypertension and the protective effect of benazepril. Methods According to the type A behavior measuring scale, 80 cases with type A character and 80 cases without type A character were screened out from the elderly patients with essential hypertension. The patients received benazepril intervention with incipient dose of 10 mg daily, which increased gradually to the largest does of 20 mg daily within 1 month, The treatment lasted 6 months in order to make the patients achieve the normal blood pressure (BP). The general data, plasma angiotensin Ⅱ (AngⅡ )> urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER) and urinary β2-microglobulin (β2-MG) were measured at pretherapy and post-treatment respectively. Results There were no statistically significant differences at pretherapy between the two groups in age, gender, body mass index (BMI), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr), systolic pressure and diastolic pressure (all P>0.05). Ang Ⅱ [(60.3±11.6)mg/Lvs (55.8±10.2)mg/L], UAER[(83.3±23.3)μg/min vs. (75.7±16.3)μg/min] and β2-MG [(75.6±24.5)mmol/L vs. (66.0±19.4)mmol/L] were significantly higher in type A character group than in non-type A character group (t=2.598, 2.603, 2.742; P= 0.016,0.012, 0.008). TypeA character value of the two groups showed a positive correlation with Ang Ⅱ (r= 0.361, P=0.002), UAER (r=0.198, P=0.015) and β2-MG (r=0.202, P = 0.021). Only Ang Ⅱ (β=0.291, t=2.793, P= 0.008) was correlated to type A character value independently by multiple stepwise regression analysis. Before treatment in both of the type A character group and the non-type-A character group, there was a positive correlation between Ang II and UAER, (β2-MG, and obvious correlation in type-A character group. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, Ang Ⅱ , UREA and β2-MG were all decreased obviously in two groups post treatment. And the variable value of AngⅡ was also positively correlated with UAER (r=0.373, P=0.005; r=0.282, P=0.032), fr-MG (r= 0.385, P=0.003; r= 0.279, P=0.039) before and after treatment. Conclusions Type A character can aggravate injury of early renal function by certain stress systems in the elderly patients with essential hypertension and benazepril has better protective effect for it.

The paper discusses the experimental teaching reform of biochemistry by referring to the characteristics of biochemical development and special feature.The reform increases effectually the interests of medical students,and may contribute to their creative competence and the abilities of scientific research.

Objective To detect the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in the plasma of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC); To investigate the clinical efficacy ofBaitouweng Decoction for UC and its influence on intestinal mucosal healing and partial mechanism.Methods Totally 66 patients with UC were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Baitouweng Decoction (oral and enema treatment) and those in the control group took Mesalazine for 4 weeks. Before and after treatment, the therapeutic effects were assessed by Mayo scoring system and the grading of activities was evaluated by Baron Endoscope. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-10 were detected by ELISA. Besides, another 20 healthy volunteers were recruited as the healthy control group for comparison.Results The endoscopic remission rate was 51.4% (19/35) in treatment group, higher than that of the control group (25.8%, 8/31,P<0.05). The clinical remission rate and efficacy rate in the treatment group were 74.2% and 88.6% respectively, higher than those of the control group (45.1% and 64.5%,P<0.05). The histological remission rate and efficacy rate in the treatment group were 25.7% and 54.3% respectively, higher than those of the control group (16.1% and 35.5%), without statistical significance (P>0.05). Serum levels of TNF-α were obviously positive correlated with Mayo score, Baron score and histology score (r=0.836, 0.735, 0.527,P<0.01). Serum levels of IL-10 were obviously negative correlated with Mayo score, Baron score and histology score (r=-0.704, -0.695, -0.509,P<0.01). Compared with pre-treatment, the serum levels of TNF-α significantly decreased (P<0.01), while the serum levels of IL-10 significantly increased (P<0.01) after treatment withBaitouweng Decoction.ConclusionBaitouweng Decoction (oral and enema treatment) is effective and safe in patients with UC. Its effects might be involved in regulating the imbalance of pro-inflammatory factors and anti-inflammatory factors, and promoting mucosal healing.

0.05),but there are increases of that in 90dB/7d ( P 0.05). Conclusion The results showed that 8Hz, 90dB/130dB infrasound definitely induced increases of apoptosis ratio in the hippocampus cells after certain time of exposure, suggesting that there are damages occurred by infrasound field with 90dB or 130dB and some adaptation of the hippocampal cells ensued after a certain period of time.

According to the educational objectives of biotechnology in local universities, the fundamental ideas about reforming the experimental teaching in biotechnology were discussed from the multiple aspects including the resetting of experimental curses system , the contents and methods of teaching and the approaches of examining and assessing. The final aim is to train out more innovative biotechnological talents through systematic and standardized practice of innovative teaching to meet the needs of China during this economical and societal development.

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of Xuesaitong(total saponins of sanchi) on lower extremity ischemical reperfusion injury.Methods: To observe PBN-spin bulky adducts signal of lower extremity ischemical reperfusion of rabbit by using electron spin resonance technology and electron spin resonance promoter N-tert-butyl-2-phenylnitrone(PBN).Results: The signal intensity is correlated with time,compared with ischemia for 2 hours,the signal intensity of ischemia for 4 hours increased apparently.Xuesaitong would quench PBN-spin bulky adducts signal significantly.Conclusion: Xuesaitong have protective effect on lower extremity ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Objective To investigate the stroke occurrence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its related factors, especially the carotid atherosclerosis. Methods The data of stroke occurrence in 700 CKD patients hospitalized in Renji Hospital during 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The incidences of stroke were compared among CKD [Ⅰ-Ⅱ, CKD Ⅲ-Ⅴ non-dialysis patients and dialysis patients. Carotid atherosclerosis of 409 CKD patients was examined by color Doppler ultrasound. The related factors were selected by Spearmnan correlation analysis and Logistic regression analysis. Results Of 700 CKD patients, 67 cases (9.57%) experienced at least one episode of stroke, which was much higher than that of general population. The related factors of stroke in CKD included GFR, age, SBP, CRP, Lpa, serum glucose, pre-albumin, HDL and carotid atherosclerosis. Logistic regression revealed that SBP (β=1.021, P=0.042), CRP (β=1.008, P=0.024) and carotid atherosclerosis (β =3.456, P=0.025) were risk factors of stroke in CKD. Incidence of carotid atherosclerosis was high (50.37%) in CKD patients, besides it was significantly higher in CKD patients with stroke history as compared to those without stroke history (80.0% vs 47.4%, P<0.01). Conclusions The incidence of stroke is quite high in CKD patients, which is closely associated with hypertension, inflammation and glyeolipid metabolism disorder. Carotid atherosclerosis is common in CKD patients with stroke, which may be helpful in screening cerebrovascular diseases in CKD patients.

Objective To elucidate the prevalence and risk factors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD), and to investigate the associated problems in treatment. Methods A total of 254 PD patients in our division were enrolled in this study. CVD history, laboratory measurements, examinations of carotid atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy by ultrasonography were collected and associated factors were analyzed. The median follow-up time was 49 months. Results The overall prevalence of CVD was 37% (93/254). Diabetes, longer dialysis duration, hypertfiglyceridemia, hypoalbuminemia, hypoprealbuminemia were commonly found in the patients with new CVD event. The patients without pre-existing CVD had the higher Ccr, Kt/V, D/Pr, nPCR, serum albumin level. In those with pre-existing CVD, the hypertriglyceridemia and the duration of dialysis were independent predictors of progression of CVD. Differences of LAD, LVST, LVMI and IMT were significant between with and without pre-existing CVD groups. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that the presence of CVD was the independent risk factor of survival. Alb<330 g/L, LAD>39.6 mm and peritonitis were risk factors of CVD. Conclusion The prevalence of CVD in PD patients is quite high. CVD history should be realized, dialysis adequacy should be maintained, and peritonitis should be prevented.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the characteristics of patients on long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). MethodsPatients who started PD since 1994 and received PD for at least one year were included in this study. According to dialysis duration, patients were divided into two groups. Group A (long-term) was defined as patients survived on PD for more than 5 years. Group B (short-term) was defined as patients who died or switched to bemodialysis within less than 5 years. Demography, biochemical indexes, dialysis prescription and adequacy were compared between two groups. ResultsThere were 68 patients in group A and 98 patients in group B. Mean followed-up period of group A and B was (84.80±19.42) months and (27.25±12.31) months, respectively. Younger, fewer episodes of diabetic comorbidity (group A 3/68 vs group B 18/98, P ＜0.05) and coronary heart disease (group A 6/68 vs group B 22/98, P＜0.05) were found in group A. Compared to group B, the level of serum albumin at the beginning of PD was much higher in group A [(35.56±4.74) g/L vs (33.69±5.45) g/L, P＜0.01). The levels of blood sugar, TC, TG, hemoglobin, calcium, phosphate and iPTH were not significantly different between two groups. Estimated GFR, renal Kt/V and renal Ccr at the beginning of dialysis were much higher in group A, however there was no significant difference in urinary volume between two groups. Both estimated GFR and urinary volume decreased more slowly in group A compared to group B. Peritonitis mobidity was lower in group A (1/81.22 months vs 1/29.03 months, P＜0.01). Conclusions In comparison to short-term survivors, long-term PD patients are characterized by being younger, less diabetic and coronary heart disease, fewer episodes of peritonitis, higher level of serum albumin, higher estimated GFR and less loss of residual renal function.