Objective To study the clinical value of cerebrospinal fluid cytology(csfc)and specific stain in tuberculous meningitis(TBM)-purulent meningitis(PM)and cryptococcal meningitis(CM).Methods The csfc data of 179 patients with TBM,PM and CM were retrospectively analyzed.The samples collected from all of these patients were analyzed by csfc May-Grunwald-Giemsa(MGG)staining,aricine blue staining and Indian ink staining. And the cytospin smears from 70 TBM were simultaneously stained by the immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method to demonstrate the presence of mycobacterial antigen.Results ①TBM group showed a mixed-cell response.At the early stage of disease,the proportion of neutrophilic granulocyte reached 80%,and then reduced gradually.Lyumphoidocyte reaction was the most obvious in 1～2 months.The immunofluorescence(IF)and immunocytological method present a sensitivity of 82.9%and 85.7%,respectively.②Neutrophilic granulocyte was the most cell at acute stage of PM,and it descended quickly once treated with effective antibiotics.③The positive rates to detect CM with csfc MGG,aricine and Indian ink staining were 83.3%,81.8%,and 76.5%,respectively.Conclusion Dynamic observation on cerebrospinal fluid cytology is helpful to boost the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection.

Objective To investigate the relationship between rs17525495 locus polymorphism of leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H) gene and the severity of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Methods A total of 184 TBM patients from Department of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2014 to October 2016 were selected as research subjects. According to the British Medical Research Council criteria, the severity of TBM patients was divided into three stages. The single nucleotide polymorphism rs17525495 of LTA4H gene was sequenced, and the general case data, clinical manifestations and results of lumbar puncture were analyzed. Results There were 91 cases (49.5％) of CC genotypes of rs17525495 locus in LTA4H gene of 184 cases, 75 cases (40.8％) of CT genotypes and 18 cases (9.8％) of TT genotypes. The frequency of allele C was 69.8％ and T was 30.2％. Patients with different genotypes were compared for their severity, clinical manifestations and lumbar puncture results. Among CC patients, the proportion of stage Ⅰ patients(54.9％, 50/91)was higher than that of stage Ⅱ(22.0％, 20/91)and Ⅲ(23.1％, 21/91). Among TT patients, the proportion of patients with stage Ⅱ(8/18)and Ⅲ(8/18)was higher than patients with stageⅠ(2/18)(χ2=15.898,P=0.003). The incidence of headache, fever, nausea and vomiting, neck stiffness, epilepsy and disturbance of consciousness was statistically analyzed. Compared with CC and CT patients, the incidence of fever(TT:13/18,CC:42/91,CT:50/75,χ2=8.932,P=0.011)and neck stiffness(TT:12/18,CC:38/91,CT:46/75,χ2=7.993,P=0.018)was higher in TT patients. Headache, nausea and vomiting, disturbance of consciousness, and the incidence of epilepsy showed no statistically significant difference. And there was no statistically significant difference in lumbar puncture pressure, chloride, protein and glucose between different genotypes. Conclusion TBM patients with mild illness frequently prompt LTA4H gene rs17525495 locus for the CC type;while patients with severe disease prompt TT type.

Objective Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has been reported to be effective in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the molecular mechanism of GLP-1 on NAFLD is remained unclear. The present study was to detect whether the effect of GLP-1 on triglyceride (TG) content in hepatocytes is dependent on Foxos. Methods HepG2 cells were treated with palmitic/oleic acid for 24 h. The knockdown of Foxo1, Foxo3 was conducted through small interfering RNA (siRNA). Real time PCT (RT-PCR) was used to detect the changes of the SREBP1c and Acox2 genes in HepG2 cells after Foxo1/3 knockdown. Results As expected, palmitic/oleic acid increased TG concentration in HepG2 cells [(12.65 ± 1.32) μg/mg vs. (4.32 ± 0.54) μg/mg, P<0.05]. Addition of GLP-1 dose (10, 50, 100nmol/L) dependently lowered the TG content and reached plateau at 100 nmol/L of GLP-1 [TG(8.38±1.47) μg/mg]. The GLP-1 effect on TG remained after knocking down either Foxo1 [(9.09±1.34)μg/mg] or Foxo3 [(8.90± 1.60) μg/mg] alone, but not when knocking down Foxo1 and Foxo3 (Foxo1/3) together [(14.66±1.77)μg/mg]. Moreover, knocking down Foxo1/3 also abolished GLP-1 effect on SREBP1c and Acox2 expression. Conclusion GLP-1 can inhibit the synthesis of TG in hepatocytes depending on Foxo1 and Foxo3. Further studies are needed to explore the specific mechanisms.

The risk of developing perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in elderly patients increases with age. The combined involvement of aging kidneys, coexisting multiple underlying chronic diseases, and increased exposure to potential renal stressors and nephrotoxic drugs or invasive procedures constitute susceptibility factors for AKI in elderly patients. The perioperative AKI in elderly patients undergoing noncardiac surgery has its own specific population characteristics, so it is necessary to further explore the characteristics of AKI in elderly patients in terms of epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, risk factors, and preventive and curative measures to provide meaningful clinical advice to improve prognosis, accelerate recovery, and reduce medical burden in elderly patients. Since AKI has the fastest-growing incidence in older patients and is associated with a worse prognosis, early detection, early diagnosis, and prevention of AKI are important for elderly patients in the perioperative period. Large, multicenter, randomized controlled clinical studies in elderly non-cardiac surgery patients with AKI can be conducted in the future, with the aim of providing the evidence to reduce of the incidence of AKI and to improve the prognosis of patients.
Humans ; Aged ; Acute Kidney Injury/prevention & control* ; Kidney ; Risk Factors ; Prognosis ; Incidence ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control*

Objective:To construct a simple model of arteriovenous fistula classification,and to achieve the classification of arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients.Methods:The study was a retrospective analysis, a total of 304 hemodialysis patients with internal fistula in People′s Hospital of Deyang City from January 2016 to January 2021 were selected by convenience sampling method,depending on whether the internal fistula was dysfunctional, patients were divided into 64 in the internal fistula failure group and 240 in the internal fistula patency group. Independent influence factors and their regression coefficient were obtained by single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis, The risk score formula was established based on the regression coefficient to form a simple model of internal fistula classification.The model was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic curve and the scoring criteria for internal fistula classification was determined.Results:Logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, hypotension, age≥60 years old, compression time≥30 min, blood phosphorus>1.78 mmol/L, triglyceride>1.71 mmol/L and fibrinogen>4 g/L were independent influencing factors of internal fistula failure (all P<0.05).The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.858(95% CI 0.789-0.928, P<0.01), and the best critical value of the internal fistula classification was 7.5, the sensitivity was 80.4% and the specificity was 84.8%. Conclusions:By obtaining the predictors of internal fistula failure, conducted the risk score, and constructed a simple model of internal fistula classification, which can effectively predicted the risk of internal fistula failure. It is conducive to the implementation of internal fistula classification management and the puncture of corresponding grade, to ensure the pathway safety of patients.

Objective To explore the risk factors for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Methods A total of 48 ESKD patients undergoing hemodialysis in our hospital from December 2021 to December 2022 were selected as study objects. They were divided into renal anemia group (86 cases) and non-anemia group (62 cases) based on hemoglobin (Hb) levels and diagnostic criteria for renal anemia. Clinical data between the two groups were compared. Random forest algorithm and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to screen for factors influencing renal anemia, and a multivariate Logistic regression model was established. Cross-validation was also employed to verify the stability of the model. A risk stratification system was developed, and patients were stratified based on cut-off values obtained from X-Tile software. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the discrimination ability of the multivariate Logistic regression model and the risk stratification system. Results Among 148 ESKD patients, the incidence of renal anemia was 58.11% (86/148). Hypertension, increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), elevated C-reactive protein (CRP), increased serum ferritin (SF), and elevated intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) were identified as risk factors for renal anemia (P < 0.05). Administration of α-calcidol, increased erythropoietin (EPO), elevated triglyceride (TG), and increased serum albumin (ALB) were protective factors (P < 0.05). The goodness-of-fit test for the multivariate Logistic regression model showed a Nagelkerke R2 of 0.593. Based on the cut-off values for risk scores obtained from X-Tile software, patients were stratified into low-risk group (< 4 points, 29 cases), medium-risk group (4 to < 7 points, 64 cases), and high-risk group (≥7 points, 55 cases), with renal anemia incidence rates of 24.14%, 57.81%, and 76.36%, respectively. The difference in renal anemia incidence rates among the three groups was statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the training set, the areas under the ROC curves for the multivariate Logistic regression model and the risk stratification system were 0.826 and 0.811, respectively, and were 0.804 and 0.789, respectively in the validation set. Conclusion The occurrence of renal anemia in hemodialysis patients with ESKD is influenced by various factors, including hypertension, NLR, CRP, etc.

Objective To retrieve,evaluate and summarize the relevant evidence on malnutrition management among maintenance hemodialysis(MHD)patients to provide clinical medical staff with evidence-based guidelines for managing malnutrition in MHD patients.Methods Using the"6S"pyramid model of evidence,We searched UpToDate,BMJ best clinical practice,the Australian JBI evidence-based health care centre database(JBI),Medive,the International Guidelines Collaborative Network(GIN),Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Network,the UK National Institute of Clinical Medicine Guidance Library(NICE),Scottish Inter-College Guide Collaboration network,the Ontario Registered Nurses Association(RNAO),Guidelines Network of International Society of Nephrology,American Nephrology Foundation Guidenet,British Nephrology Society,Society of Nephrology,Chinese Medical Association,Improving Kidney Disease Outcomes Worldwide,International Society of Renal Nutrition and Metabolism,American Society for Parenteral Enteral Nutrition,European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism,Chinese Nutrition Society,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,Cochrane Library,CNKI,Wanfang,VIP and CBM,to collect relevant guidelines,expert consensus,clinical decision,evidence summary,recommended practice,best practice,systematic evaluation and clinical practice,from the establishment to the date of April 10th,2023,for literature on malnutrition management of MHD patients.The literature included guidelines,expert consensuses,clinical decision-making studies,evidence summaries,recommended practices,best practices,and systematic reviews.Two researchers independently evaluated,extracted,and integrated the evidence.The evidence was graded by the evidence pre-grading system of the Evidence-based Healthcare Center of Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI).Results A total of 16 articles were included and summarized,comprising 5 guidelines,3 expert consensuses,1 clinical decision-making study,1 evidence summary,and 6 systematic reviews.Thirty-nine pieces of the best evidence were integrated,covering 5 key aspects(39 evidences):screening and assessment,nutritional requirements,nutritional supplement,other interventions,and monitoring and education.Conclusions The best evidence summary of malnutrition management among MHD patients in this study is scientifically rigorous and systematic.Clinical medical staff can use the best evidence to develop personalized malnutrition management programs for MHD patients.

Cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The aim of this study is to determine the effects of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS) on cardiomyocyte hypertrophy induced by angiotensin II (Ang II) in vivo and in vitro. In long-term treatment, adult Wistar rats were infused with Ang II for three weeks via osmotic mini-pumps and some of them were given intragastrically of STS. Left ventricle was isolated; the ratio of left ventricular weight to body weight and systolic blood pressure (SBP) were determined and heart morphometry was assessed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Results indicated STS inhibited Ang II-induced increases in myocyte diameter and decreased the LVW/BW ratio independent of decreasing systolic blood pressure. In vitro, treatment of cultured cardiomyocytes with STS inhibited Ang II-induced increase in cell size, protein synthesis, ANP expression, activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and ERK kinase (MEK). Then we reexamined the mechanism of STS-induced anti-hypertrophic effects. Results revealed MEK inhibitor U0126 (20 microM) markedly enhanced STS-induced depressions in [3H]leucine incorporation and ANP expression. In conclusion, MEK/ERK pathway plays a significant role in the anti-hypertrophic effects of STS.
Rats, Wistar ; Rats ; Phenanthrenes/chemistry/*pharmacology ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*drug effects/enzymology/pathology ; Molecular Structure ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/*metabolism ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/*drug effects ; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/*metabolism ; Enzyme Activation/drug effects ; Cardiomegaly/chemically induced/enzymology/*metabolism/pathology ; Animals ; Angiotensin II/*antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology

Genome reannotation aims for complete and accurate characterization of gene models and thus is of critical significance for in-depth exploration of gene function. Although the availability of massive RNA-seq data provides great opportunities for gene model refinement, few efforts have been made to adopt these precious data in rice genome reannotation. Here we reannotate the rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. japonica) genome based on integration of large-scale RNA-seq data and release a new annotation system IC4R-2.0. In general, IC4R-2.0 significantly improves the completeness of gene structure, identifies a number of novel genes, and integrates a variety of functional annota-tions. Furthermore, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) are system-atically characterized in the rice genome. Performance evaluation shows that compared to previous annotation systems, IC4R-2.0 achieves higher integrity and quality, primarily attributable to mas-sive RNA-seq data applied in genome annotation. Consequently, we incorporate the improvedannotations into the Information Commons for Rice (IC4R), a database integrating multiple omics data of rice, and accordingly update IC4R by providing more user-friendly web interfaces and implementing a series of practical online tools. Together, the updated IC4R, which is equipped with the improved annotations, bears great promise for comparative and functional genomic studies in rice and other monocotyledonous species. The IC4R-2.0 annotation system and related resources are freely accessible at http://ic4r.org/.

Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; drug effects ; Humans ; Leukemia ; pathology ; Oxides ; pharmacology