Objective:To investigate the rate of anxiety after str oke and study the effect of psychological intervention.Method:206 i npatients(male 126,female 80,mean age 63?16)with stroke were divided into inte rvention group(103 cases)and control group(103 cases),which matched by sex a nd age.All subjects were tested with SAS,DNF,MMSE,LES and ADL before interventi o n,3 months,6 months and 12 months later.Results:The rate of anxiety a fter 1 month of stroke in our sample was 18.4%.The reduction rate of SAS was g re ater in intervention group than control at all follow up points.Multi-factorial analysis showed,many factors including female,younger at onset,severity of strok e,poor general physical condition,less compliance with treatment,and other psych o-social factors(heavier family burden,less income,more life events,less social support)were all associated with anxiety after stroke and less reduction rate of SAS at intake and during follow up.Conclusion:Anxiety is a common c omplication after stroke,its occurrence and maintenance were associated with a v ariety of factors including severity of illness and psychosocial factors.Suppor tive psychological intervention can reduce anxiety after stroke.

Objective To study the role of GABA (? aminobutyric acid) transporters in kindled.Methods The rat's GABA model following PTZ kindled was made.The expression of GABA transporter subtype in the hippocampus(GAT 1 mRNA) was measured after PTZ (pentylenetetrazol) kindled seizures by using semiquantitative technique,reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR).Results GAT 1 mRNA was significantly increased in the hippocampus at 0 hour,48 hours,and 1 week after PTZ kindled seizures. Up regulation of expression of GAT 1 mRNA returned to the control levels after 1 month. No changes in the expression of GAT 1 mRNA were observed after 60 days of PTZ kindled seizures.Conclusion The expression of GAT 1 mRNA with up regulation may be associated with the epilepsy susceptibility.

Objective To investigate Guillain Barre syndrome (GBS) combined with demyelinating neuropathy in central nervous system(CNS), and explore the possible mechanism and the relationship between the two.Methods 3 cases GBS combined with demyelinating neuropathy in CNS were observed clinically and the datum of laboratory were analysed.Results Case 1, a 28 year old man had symptoms of general flaccid paralysis and coma.The result of blood gas analysis was normal. CSF showed an albuminocytological dissociation, delayed nerve conduction velocity and missed F waves. Brain MRI showed multifocal T 2 Wight Image high signs in white matter of bilateral brain and cervical spinal cord. The patient is getting recovery by treatment with plasma and immunoglobulin. Case 2 , a 5 year old girl with progressive weakness of her limbs and respiratory arrest, appeared confusion,dully light reflex and absent corneal reflex, at last she died because of rejecting treatment.Case 3,a 12 year old boy with progressive weakness of his limbs and the difficult of relieving the bowels.Brain MRI was normal.Spinal MRI showed multifocal T 2 weight imagine hight signs from T 5 to L 4.CSF showed an albuminocytological dissociation.EMG showed a delayed nerve conduction velocity.Conclusion GBS combined with disorders of consciousness are mostly severe, the pathological mechanism is unclear. It is suggested that auto immunoreaction caused by P 1 myelin basic protein can relate to around and CNS demyelination.

Objective To research the effective regions of estrogen in central nervous system of convulsive rats.Methods In two models of epilepsy with different mechanism induced by Kainic acid(KA) and flurothyl, we observed FOS expression of hippocampus, cerebral cortex and corpus striatum in the rats of convulsive group with and without estradiol (E 2) administration by means of immunohistochemistry.Results In the rats of convulsive group induced by KA and flurothyl, the FOS expression in hippocampus, cerebral cortex and corpus striatum was significant higher than those of normal control group (all P 0.05).Conclusion The FOS expression of rats'brains induced by E 2 is different in two models of epilepsy with different mechanism.

Objective To study the change of glutamate transporter (GluTs) function of hippocampus in seizures rats induced by KA, and explore the role of GluTs in the mechanism of epilepsy.Methods 60 adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: KA group(Ⅰ group) and control group(Ⅱ group). Each group was randomly divided into five subgroups according to different time after kindling, including 4 h, 24 h, 48 h, 5 d,and 7 d after injection. GluTs function was studied by means of assay of 3H-L-glutamate uptake in synaptosomes and tissue sections of hippocampus.Results The function of GluTs in synaptosomes was singnificently decreased at any time (all P

Objective To investigate the clinical and electromyographic features of peripheral nerve involvement in MS. Methods The clinical and electromyographic (EMG) data of 29 MS patients were evaluated retrospectively.Results 18 (62.1%) patients showed clinical and/or electromyographic abnormalities of peripheral nerves. The clinical symptoms included extremity numbness in 16 cases (88.9%), limb inertia in 11 cases (61.1%), radicular pain in 5 cases (27.8%), autonomic nerve disorder and dysphagia in few patients. Signs included decrease of tendon reflex in 11 cases (61.1%), periphery or root form hypoesthesia in 9 cases (50%), muscle weakness in 7 cases (38.9%), myatrophy in 4 cases (22.2%), and reduced pharyngeal reflex in 1 case (5.6%). There was no difference in age of onset, course of disease, neurologic impairment and prognosis between the patients accompanied with peripheral neuropathy and the patients without peripheral neuropathy. The electromyographic abnormalities included spontaneous potential in 4 cases (13.8%), increased motor unit potential in 8 cases (27.6%), slow MCV in 15 cases (51.7%), slow SCV in 13 cases (44.8%), low amplitude in 9 cases (31.1%), and prolonged distal latency in 5 cases (17.2%). The neuropathies improved by treatment with corticosteroid in the all patients except one.Conclusions Some MS patients may accompany with peripheral nerve abnormalities, which may improve with the recovery of MS. EMG is useful to evaluale the site and degree of peripheral nerve damage.

Objective To observe the characteristics and onset time of seizures caused by kindling of bilateral amygdale, and to discuss its mechanism.Methods 40 adult Wistar rats were randomly assigned into bilateral amygdala kindling group and unilateral amygdala kindling group. The models were made according to Goddard's method. Results All the rats in bilateral amygdala kindling group developed stage Ⅴ convulsions after a mean of 20.9 stimulations.12 rats of which showed spontaneous seizure discharges. But in unilateral amygdala kindling group, the successful kindling rate was 60% after a mean of 8.9 stimulations. Comparing with unilateral kindling, bilateral amygdala kindling significantly increased the successful rate of kindling (P

Objective To explore the clinical and MRI features multiple system atrophy (MSA) and the significance of diagnosing its clinical subtypes.Methods Clinical data and MRI features of 28 patients with MSA were retrospectively analyzed and compared.Results Cerebellar signs (75.0%) were dominant clinic features in olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA). Brain MRI showed atrophy of pontine (91.7%) and cerebellar vermis (91.7%), fourth ventricle dilatation (83.8%) and T2WI high intensity in pontocerebellar region (63.6%). Extrapyramidal signs (80.0%) were found in striatonigral degeneration (SND) with apparent basal ganglia changes such as putamen atrophy (60.0%) and lineal T2WI high intensity of the lateral margin of the putamen (putamen slit) (80.0%). Shy-Drager syndrom (SDS) presented mainly with autonomic nerve system (81.8%), and autonomic nerve system failures appeared earlier and more severe than the other two subtypes of MSA. Conclusions MRI examination may be useful in diagnosis of MSA and its subtypes. Pontine atrophy, T2WI high intensity, especially pontine cross sign may support diagnosis of OPCA. However, putamen atrophy and putamen slit are the specific imaging signs in SND.

Objective To observe the relations of sleep structure changes and cognitive behavior abnormalities in children with idiopathic epilepsy.Methods All night polysomnographies, day attention test and Achenbach child behavior checklist were done on 64 children with idiopathic epilepsy and 20 healthy controls the requirement. Spearman correlations were made to evaluate the correlations between the parameters of sleep structure and the results of attention and cognitive behavior abnormalities.Results All children with epilepsy had longer stage Ⅰ sleep percentage and latency of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep compared with controls (all P

Objective To observe the mitochondrion and nucleus ultrastructural damage and caspase-3 expression in hippocampal CA_3 neurons during kainic acid(KA) induced status epilepticus(SE) in rats.Methods SE was induced for 2 h with KA in adult male Wistar rats.3,12 and 24 h later the rats were killed and the hippocampal CA_3 subareas were taken out to make brain sections.The neuronal damage on the whole with light microscope and the ultrastructure of mitochondrion and nucleus with electron microscope.Caspase-3 expression of the same area was examined with immunohistochemical staining.Results 24 h after SE,by the light microscope examination,the KA group showed that the neurons put scattered disorder and nucleus shrink firmly.3 h after SE,electron microscope examination showed swelling cristae and ruptured membrane of mitochondria.The change of nucleus were significant margination of chromatin 24 h after SE.Compared to normal control group,the caspase-3 expression increased 12 h after SE,the average number of positive cell and the gray scale were obviously higher(all(P