With the development of cancer treatment,patient survival rates have substantially improved.But cancer therapies may come along with potential cardiotoxic effects resulting in cardiovascular disease with increased morbidity and mortality.Ultimately,patients may survive their malignancy but die as a result of cancer treatment.It is crucial that being able to identify cardiovascular damage early and develop strategies that may ameliorate the damage secondary.Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging can provide a"one-stop"assessment of cardiac architecture,cardiac function,myocardial tissue characteristics,and cardiac macrovascular hemodynamics,and it is useful in assessing cardiovascular injury,particularly early injury.The objective of this review is to review the application and progress of various cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging methods in the evaluation of cancer treatment-related cardiovascular disease.

Objective:To investigate the effects of combined exposure of fluorine, arsenic, and fluorine-arsenic on the signaling pathway related protein expression of tumor necrosis factor receptor-related factor 6 (TRAF-6)/nuclear factor κB1(NF-κB1) in a co-culture system of mouse osteoblasts MC3T3-E1 and mouse monocyte macrophage RAW264.7.Methods:MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured with RAW264.7 cells after induction with osteogenic inducers. The cells were cultured for 7 days in vitro, and different doses of sodium fluoride (0.0, 0.1, 0.4, 1.6 mmol/L NaF, F), sodium arsenite (0.0, 0.5, 2.5, 12.5 μmol/L NaAsO 2, As) and different doses of fluorine and arsenic were added to the culture medium and cultured for 24 h using factorial design. The expression levels of nuclear factor κB receptor activating factor (RANK), TRAF-6, NF-κB1, T cell activating factor (NFATc1), and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) protein were detected by Western blotting. Results:When fluorine was used alone, compared with the control group (F 0.0As 0.0, 1.00 ± 0.00), the expressions of RANK, NF-κB1 and TRAP proteins (1.11 ± 0.04, 1.29 ± 0.05, 1.38 ± 0.04, 1.24 ± 0.04, 1.13 ± 0.03, 1.34 ± 0.05, 1.12 ± 0.03, 1.24 ± 0.04, 1.61 ± 0.06) were increased ( P < 0.05); TRAF-6 protein expressions in F 0.1 and F 1.6 groups (1.23 ± 0.04, 1.35 ± 0.03) were increased ( P < 0.05). When arsenic was used alone, compared with the control group (F 0.0As 0.0), the expressions of RANK, TRAF-6, NF-κB1 proteins were increased in As 0.5 group ( P < 0.05), the expressions of RANK and NFATc1 proteins were reduced in As 12.5 group ( P < 0.05). When fluorine was combined with arsenic, at the same dose of fluorine, RANK protein expression in F 0.1As 0.5 group and TRAF-6 protein expression in F 0.1As 12.5, F 0.4As 0.5, F 0.4As 2.5 groups, NF-κB1 protein expression in F 0.1As 0.5 F 0.4As 2.5, F 0.4As 12.5 groups, NFATc1 protein expression in F 0.1As 0.5 and F 0.4As 0.5 groups, TRAP protein expression in F 0.1As 12.5 group were higher than the corresponding fluorine groups alone (F 0.1, F 0.4, P < 0.05), but lower than the sum of fluorine and arsenic alone. At the same dose of arsenic, RANK protein expression in F 0.1As 12.5 group, TRAF-6 protein expression in F 0.1As 12.5 and F 0.4As 2.5 groups, and NF-κB1 protein expression in F 0.1As 12.5, F 0.4As 2.5, F 0.4As 12.5, and F 1.6As 2.5 groups, TRAP protein expression in F 1.6As 2.5 and F 1.6As 12.5 groups were higher than the corresponding arsenic groups alone (As 2.5, As 12.5, P < 0.05), but lower than the sum of fluorine and arsenic alone. Fluorine had a major effect on the expressions of RANK, TRAF-6, NF-κB1, NFATc1, and TRAP proteins ( F=3.41, 341.73, 66.01, 56.49, 147.40, P < 0.05); arsenic also had a main effect on all protein indicators ( F=686.71, 174.96, 107.32, 235.80, 331.37, P < 0.05); the combined effect of fluorine and arsenic had an interaction effect on each protein indicator ( F=50.39, 234.94, 116.72, 67.77, 36.56, P < 0.05). Conclusions:In the co-culture system of MC3T3-E1 and RAW264.7 cells, fluorine can activate TRAF-6-mediated expression of NF-κB1 signaling pathway-related proteins, thereby promoting osteoclast differentiation; the effects of arsenic on the expression of related proteins are not completely consistent. The interaction of fluorine and arsenic exposure on TRAF-6-mediated expression of NF-κB1 signaling pathway-related proteins is mainly antagonistic.

Objective:To investigate the effect of 3D-printed customized flanged cup in hip revision with severe acetabular bone defects.Methods:Since February 2017, 10 cases of 3D-printed customized flanged cups were used in hip revision with severe acetabular bone defects, including 2 cases of Paprosky type IIIA and 8 cases of Paprosky type IIIB. There were 5 males and 5 females, mean age 73.6±8.1 yrs (range, 62-87 yrs), 5 left and 5 right cases. The preoperative thin-layer CT scan was preformed to reverse reconstruct digital pelvis. Five cases of one-piece flanged cups and 5 cases of decomposed flanged cups, including 3 cases of composite one-piece cups were designed by computer. The surgery was performed strictly according to the plan.Postoperative follow-up was performed to evaluate the Harris score. Operation time,intraoperative bleeding and other complications such as vascular and nerve injury, postoperative infection, and dislocation were counted. Pelvic X-ray was used to assess the height and horizontal position of the center of rotation and the stability of the prosthesis.Results:The surgical procedure was successful, with an average operative time of 147.9±48.3 min (range, 96-212 min) and an average intraoperative bleeding of 730.4±262.6 ml (range, 500-1 300 ml). The mean time of final follow-up was 40.8±18.7 months (range, 16-70 months) after surgery. At the last follow-up, the average Harris score was 83.80±6.73, with 4 cases excellent, 5 cases good, and 1 case fair. The excellent and good rate was 90%. The last Harris score was significantly higher than that before operation 28.60±8.40 ( t=16.84, P<0.001). The height of affected hip joint rotation center decreased from 46.24±7.74 mm before operation to 15.54±2.54 mm after operation with significant difference ( t=14.61, P<0.001). It was slightly higher than the opposite side (13.81±1.48 mm), which had no significant difference ( t=1.83, P=0.100). The horizontal distance of affected hip joint rotation center increased from 33.79±5.27 mm before operation to 40.53±4.50 mm after operation with significant difference ( t=3.62, P=0.006). It had no significant difference ( t=1.28, P=0.232) compared with the opposite side (38.54±3.46 mm). All incisions were healed in one stage without infection, vascular or nerve injury. During the following-up, all prostheses were in satisfied position without loosening, dislocation or screw breaks. Conclusion:Digitally assisted 3D-printed flanged cups can be used in hip revision with severe acetabular bone defect. It can not only improve hip joint function, but also restore the acetabular rotation center and the prosthesis stability, which can achieve good early and mid-term effect.