Based on the investigation and analysis of medical students after-class reading activities,we propose measures to improve reading atmosphere and how to link it to humanistic quality education reform of medical students in the libraries of colleges and universities.

Aim To explore the effect of the morphine(MP) on the Kv channel in bronchial smooth muscle in guinea-pigs (GPBSM) and expressions of the Kv 1.5 mRNA and protein . Methods The effect of the MP on the Kv channel was studied by patch clamp recording in GPBSM and expressions of the Kv 1.5 mRNA and protein were measured by Western-blot and RT-PCR techniques. Results Morphine remarkably restrained the Kv channel current and the expression of the Kv 1.5 mRNA and protein in cultured GPBSM (n=6, each group, P

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for the identification,processing,processing technology and research for ther-mal decomposition products. METHODS:Thermogravimetry- derivative thermogravimetry (TG-DTG) and differential thermal-de-rivative differential thermal (DTA-DDTA) analysis were conducted to scan thermal spectrum of tripterygium from 3 places and T. hypoglaucum,T. regelii,common counterfeits Actinidia arguta and Vitis quinquangularis,determine 7 medicinal materials,its dregs and extractum,and analyze differential spectrum of T. wilfordii and dregs. RESULTS:The TG-DTG and DTA-DDTA thermal spectrum were not only basically similar to each other but also to their dregs. There was a singlet main characteristics peak at about (299±3)℃ only in the DTG curves of extracts of tripterygium from 3 places and T. hypoglaucum extractum with similar intensity, while T. regelii,counterfeits A. arguta and V. quinquangularis showed multiple peaks,and (299 ± 3)℃ was not the main peak. CONCLUSIONS:The thermal spectrum can not distinguish tripterygium and its counterfeits;extractum DTG curves can do it;suit-able processing temperature of tripterygium was 200-380℃. The study can provide reference for the identification,processing,pro-cessing technology and research for thermal decomposition products.

Aim To observe effects of compound dialysate of Chinese herbs and Western medicines on small intestinal mucosa ultrafiltrative function in dogs. Methods Twenty Beagle dogs were divided into 4 groups: NS, control (CG), lower ligustrazine dose (LLDG) and higher ligustrazine dose group (HLDG). According to the arteriovenous region of small intestine mesentery to make three isolation loops for comparative study, they were respectively jejunum loop (JL), jejunoileum loop (JIL) and ileum loop(IL), and input hypersonic sample solution through vein after blocking the renal arteries to make the man-made renal failure models such as electrolytic disorder, azotemia etc. Meanwhile, the dialysate was perfused from the inlet of these isolation loops, respectively.Finally, these secretion of small intestine loops and blood samples which arteria and venae of the small intestine mesentery every 30 minutes were collected to determine the density of K+, Na+, Cl-, UN, CR, UA and the clearance and filtration rate in each group were calculated. Results The clearance rate and filtration rate in LLDG were remarkablely higher than that in the LHDG、the CG and the NS (P

BACKGROUND: Modified banxia houpu decoction (MBHD) is one of thefamous methods and has been used by Zhang Zhong-jin to treat emotionaldiseases in Han dynasty, and it has been used till now. It can be used totreat depression, anxiety, phychoneurosis and so on.OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of MBHD on treatingheroin abusers with protracted abstinence syndrome and compare the effectwith brown sugar water.DESIGN: Randomized grouping and placebo randomized controlled study.SETTING: School of Medicine, Hubei Institute for Nationalities and theAbstinence Institute of Public Security Bureau of Enshi AutonomousPrepecture.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 187 cases were the abusers of heroin who hadbeen forced to abstinence in the Abstinence Institute of Public SecurityBureau of Enshi Autonomous Prepecture from August 2000 to September2002. There were 101 males and 86 females aged 18-44 years. All pa-tients were known the fact and were randomly divided into control group(n=58), 60-day MBHD group (n=62) and 72-MBHD group (n=67) accordingto double-blind method.METHODS: ① During the abstinence, three groups were treated bylofexidine hydrochloride (LFX) which was produced by the LimitedCompany of Zhengtai Pharmaceuticals Enterprise of Hunan Province (lotnumber: 990619, 10 mg/pill) for 12 days, then they were treated sepa-rated. Give medicine to 60-MBHD group continuously for 60 days (MB-HD: Pinellia Ternate 15 g, Magnolia Bark 30 g, Poria Cocos 20 g, Perilla10 g, Ginger 20 g, Radix Acanthopanacis Senticosi 20 g, Pericarpium CitriReticulate 6 g, Pericarpium Arecae 20 g, Herba Agastachis 10 g. Tradi-tional Chinese medicines were all bought from HuBei Medicine Company;three times a day, one portion for two days), gave the control group red sug-ar water imitate medicine for 60 days (the method was the same as above),72-MBHD group were given the same quantity of MBHD as 60-MBHDgroup when LFX began to detoxifieate, the whole time was 72 days (Thetime before LFX treat 12 days and after 60 days). It took 72 days for thethree groups to be treated by LFX according to single-blind method. ②Heroin protracted abstinence syndrome scale: insomnia, pain syndromes,catarrh syndromes, mental conditions and sexual function. They werescored respectively to 1, 2, 3 according to mild, moderate and severe.③ One year tater collected the urina sanguinis (three times a week con-tinuously) regarded the positive as re-abusers. ④ Measurement andenumeration data were compared with t test and x2 test respectively.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Scores of protracted abstinencesyndrome; ② Comparisons of drug re-abusing rate within one year.RESULTS: Totally 187 heroin-dependence patients entered the finalanalysis. ① Scores of protracted abstinence syndrome were lower in 60-day MBHD group and 72-day MBHD group than those in control group(P ＜ 0.01). Scores of pain and catarrh symptoms in 72-day MBHD group were similar to those in 60-day MBHD group (P ＞ 0.05), but scores of insomnia, mental conditions and sexual function were lower than those in 60-day MBHD group (P ＜ 0.01). ② Drug re-abusing rate within one year was lower in 72-day MBHD group than that in control group and 60-day MBHD group [73% (49/67), 95% (55/58), 82% (51/62),P ＜ 0.05],but rate in 60-day MBHD group was similar to that in control group (P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: MBHD can improve the protracted abstinence symptoms of heroin abusers after detoxification. In spite of the complexity of various factors, to effectively control the early stage abstinence symptoms and median stage protracted abstinence symptoms is one of the effective measures to prevent drug re-abusing.

BACKGROUND: It has been verified pharmacologically that honokiol (HL) and magnolol (ML) have distinct effects on central inhibition and muscle relaxation, and some reports prove that they can relieve morphine withdrawal symptoms in animals.OBJECTIVE: To explore the effects of HL and ML on β-endorphin (β-EP) in relieving morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats.DESIGN: Randomized controlled study.SETTING: Pharmacological Department, the Medical School of Hubei national College.PARTICIPANTS: The experiment was conducted from 13 to 29 April,2003. Among 100 adult male SD rats, 30 rats as control group were randomly divided into three subgroups: saline group, HL group and ML group with 10 in each group. The other 70 rats as morphine-dependent group were divided into normal saline group, 5, 40 and 80 mg/kg HL and ML groups with 10 in each group.METHODS: 0.2 mL normal saline, 80 mg/kg HL and 80 mg/kg ML were injected intraperitoneally into rats in control group. The dose of morphine subcutaneously injected was increased in the rats in morphine-dependent group for 6 days to establish the model of acute morphine dependence and model of natural morphine withdrawal symptoms. The last injection was performed at 9:00 on the morning of day 6, and the intraperitoneal injection was performed at 10:30 on the same morning. 0.2 mL normal saline was injected into the rats of saline group. 5, 40 and 80 mg/kg HL and 5,40 and 80 mg/kg ML were given to rats in the other six groups, respectively. Starting from 11:00, half an hour later, all natural morphine withdrawal symptoms were observed in rats within an hour.compared among rats in the 7 morphine-dependent subgroups.control groups than in normal saline group (P ＜ 0.01), and HL group had higher β-EP level than ML group (P ＜ 0.05). β-EP level was obviously lower in morphine-dependent+saline groups than in control+saline groups (P ＜ 0.01).β-EP level in morphine-dependent+5, 40 and 80 mg/kg HL groups and in morphine-dependent+5, 40 and 80 mg/kg ML groups was obviously higher Scores of natural morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats of morphine-dependent group: Scores of wetshakes, penile licking, escape attempts, and weight lost in HL and ML subgroups were obviously lower than those in saline group (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: HL and ML can markedly restrain morphine withdrawal symptoms and this restraint is related to the increase of β-EP level in the brain. HL and ML have equal inhibitory effects on morphine-dependent rats, but HL is more effective than ML in normal rats.

Objective: To explore the effects of Houxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid(HOL) on controlling withdrawal syndromes of morphine dependent rats and analgesia of mice. Methods: 60 rats were divided into group A、B、C and D randomly. Group A was injected equivalent 0.9%NaCl(0.2 mL, sc), group B、C and D were injected morphine increasingly(from 20mg?kg -1 to 100mg?kg -1, 5 days, sc) to form patterns of morphine dependent rats. When the 6th day, after group A and B were given 0.9% NaCl(0.5mL?(100g) -1, ig), group C and D were given HOL(100%0.2mL?(100g) -1 and 0.8mL?(100g) -1), respectively, 30 minutes later, by naloxone(4mg?kg -1, ip) withdrawal syndromes. And the withdrawal syndromes was observed and evaluated by the scores and weight lost. Results: The total of scores and their weight loss of group C and D were significantly different from group B(P

OBJECTIVE To study the clinical characteristics,prevention and treatment of nosocomial fungemia.METHODS Fifty four consecutive patients with nosocomial fungemia were studied in clinical retrospective manner.RESULTS Sixty fungal strains were isolated from blood.Candida was the predominant pathogenic organism(86.7%),6 cases had mixed infection causing by two fungal species(11.1%).Twenty two cases had concomitant bacteremia(40.7%).Overall mortality rate was 68.5%,directly related mortality rate in treatment group was significantly lower than that in nontreatment one(28.9% vs.88.9%,χ2=11.268，P＜0.01).Effective rate of amphotericin B was 68.8%,fluconazole 70.8%,combined treatment 80.0%.CONCLUSIONS Fungal infection has become prominently fatal cause of critically ill patients.Removing predisposing factors,monitoring fungal pathogen and effective antifungal therapy are important measures to reduce the incidence and mortality of fungal infection.Fluconazole and amphotericin B are effective drugs of treating deep fungal infection.

AIM:To observe the therapeutic efficacy of Huoxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid (Herba Agastaches seu Pogostemi, Radix Angelicae Dahuricae, Rhizoma Atractylodis, Rhizoma Pinelliae, Pericarpium Citri Reticulatae, Pericarpium Arecae) and Tablet of Radix et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi on the withdrawal symptoms from heroin. METHODS: 143 cases were randomly divided into three groups, namely control group (n=44), treating group A (n=48) and B (n=51). They were detoxified by using Lofexidine Hydrochloride Tablet (LFX) for 12d, and then, the control group took an imitate preparation, the treating group A took Huoxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid and Tablet of Radix et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi for 60d, But group B took Huoxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid and Tablet of Radix et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi from the time when detoxification began. And then, 10d after the two treating groups stopped taking Huoxiangzhengqi Oral Liquid and Tablet of Radix et Caulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi, the protracted abstinent syndromes of the three group were observed and scored for 7d. One year later, the drug re abusing case of the three groups were investigated through urinoscopy. RESULTS: The scores of the protracted abstinent symptoms of the three groups were distinctively different. The scores of the treating group were lower than those of the treating group A ( P