Objective To study the possible influencing factors in the formation of coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO). Methods Patients were enrolled having at least 1 major coronary artery angiography revealed as CTO of 144 patients. According to the Rentrop classification, patients with grade 0 and grade 1 filling were catogorized as insufficient collateral circulation group (n=72) and patients with grade 2 and grade 3 filling as collateral circulation group (n=72). Serum biomarkers and insulin-resistance by HOMA model were also studied in all patients. Results In the insufficient collateral circulation, BMI,TC,ApoB, lipoprotein a, fasting insulin HOMA-IR,HOMA- beta, CRP was significantly higher than the well collateral circulation group and ApoA-Ⅰ, ISI lower than the well collateral group ( all P ﹤0. 05 ) . Bivariate correlation alaysis showed. Rentrop score, BMI, TC, ApoB, lipoprotein a, fasting insulin, HOMA-IR,HOMA- beta and CRP are positively correlated to the formation of collateral circulation ( P ﹤ 0. 05 ); ApoA-Ⅰ and ISI were negatively correlated ( P ﹤0. 05 ) . Logistic regression analysis after calibration with weight, ApoA-Ⅰ and HOMA-beta factors, lipoprotein a ( OR 7. 575,P=0. 009), TC (OR 2. 154,P =0. 001) were found to be the independent factors of coronary collateral circulation formation. Conclusions TC, lipoprotein a, obesity, CRP, and HOMA-IR are correlated with the formation of coronary collateral circulation and may predict formation of collateral circulation in patients with CTO.

Objective:To explore predictive value of arterial velocity-pulse index (AVI) and arterial pressure-volume index (API) for early atherosclerosis (AS) in middle-aged population.Methods:A total of 138 middle-aged patients hospitalized in our hospital from May 2016 to Nov 2016 were enrolled.According to coronary angiography (CAG) outcomes, they were divided into AS group (n=86) and non-AS group (n=52).Before CAG, AVI, API and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) were collected in two groups.General data and arterial stiffness indexes were compared between two groups, and the correlation among AVI, API, baPWV and general data were analyzed.Results:Compared with non-AS group, there were significant rise in AVI [(20.4±4.2) vs.(22.8±5.3)] and baPWV [(14.0±2.5) m/s vs.(16.3±3.0) m/s] in AS group,P<0.01 both.AVI was significant positively correlated with age, SBP, DBP, mean arterial pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), API and baPWV (r=0.219~0.471, P<0.05 or <0.01);API was significant positively correlated with age, BMI, SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), AVI and baPWV (r=0.213~0.726, P<0.05 or <0.01);baPWV was significant positively correlated with age, BMI, SBP, DBP, MAP, PP, AVI and API (r=0.201~0.472, P<0.05 or <0.01).Multi-factor linear regression analysis indicated that SBP was influencing factor for AVI (B=0.162,P=0.001), SBP, DBP and HDL-C were influencing factors for API (B=-0.166~2.146,P<0.05 or <0.01), SBP and HDL-C were influencing factors for baPWV (B=0.116,-3.009,P<0.01 both).Conclusion:Both elevated AVI and baPWV can predict atherosclerosis in middle-aged population

Objective:To explore the clinic and coronary disease lesion features in patients with acute coronary syn-drome (ACS) ≥ 75 years old and the outcomes of one-year follow up after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) .Methods :A total of 355 ACS patients ,who hospitalized in our hospital from Jan 2012 to Dec 2012 and re-ceived PCI ,were divided into ≥75 years group (n=205) and <75 years group (n=150) .Clinical and coronary dis-ease lesion characteristics and results of one-year follow up after PCI were compared between two groups .Results:Compared with < 75 years group , there were significant rise in incidence rates of hypertension (66.83% vs . 78.67% ) ,diabetes mellitus (28.29% vs .39.33% ) ,arrhythmia (17.07% vs .44.00% ) ,and percentage of type C lesions in coronary angiography (41.95% vs .56.00% ) in ≥75 years group , P<0.05~ <0.01 .There were no sig-nificant difference in incidence rates of adverse events during one-year follow up between two groups ( P>0.05 ) . Conclusion :Higher incidence rates of clinical complications and complex lesions are found in ≥75 years patients with acute coronary syndrome ;but no significant difference is found in one-year prognosis between the two groups .

Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of sub-health in inpatient caregivers.Methods A total of 432 caregivers met the inclusion criteria were enrolled.Suboptimal health status questionnaire (SHSQ-25) was used to evaluate the status of sub-health.Sub-health was defined as SHSQ-25 score ≥ 35.100 people undertaking routine physical examinations were enrolled as control group.The incidence and influencing factors of sub-health in caregivers were analyzed.Results (1) The caregivers group valued higher in SHSQ-25score significantly (36.9 ± 8.6 vs.27.5 ± 13.0,P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of sub-health was obviously higher in caregiver group than that in control group (69.9％ vs.39.0％,P ＜ 0.05).(2) A significant difference in the SHSQ-25 scores between female caregivers and male caregivers was observed (37.9 ± 9.0 vs.34.6 ± 7.1,P ＜0.05).The SHSQ-25 score was positively related with age (r =0.578,P ＜ 0.05) and accompanying time (r =0.507,P ＜ 0.05).Parents,children,or spouses of patients got higher scores than other types of caregivers (38.1 ±8.1 vs.31.1 ±8.8,P＜0.05).(3) Among the sub-health caregivers,only 10.9％ of them were aware of their sub-health status.Conclusion The incidence of sub-health may be higher in inpatient caregivers than the general population.Gender,age,accompanying time,and the relationship between patients and caregivers may be influencing factors for sub-health.Effective action should be taken to improve the health status of caregivers.

Objective To study the clinical topography of lateral ligament of the rectum in the relation to surgical procedures in rectal carcinoma. Method Twenty-three pelvises(12 males,11 females)harvested from embalmed cadavers were studied by topographic dissection. Results The lateral rectal ligamem were identiffed bilaterally in all cadavers between the rectum and visceral fascia.Unilateral middle rectal arteries was found in 8 cadavers and bilateral arteries was found in 2 cadavers.The rectal branches from the pelvic plexus were uniformly constant structure within lateral ligament of the rectum.Conclusion The lateral rectal ligament is located between rectum and visceral fascia.The cleavage between visceral fascia and pelvic plexus is the appropriate plane for lateral rectal dissection of rectal cancers.

Objective:To explore therapeutic effect and prognosis of thrombus suction in patients with acute ST seg-ment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).Methods:A total of 105 STEMI patients were enrolled and divided into thrombus suction + PCI group (n=34,received thrombus suction + PCI therapy)and routine PCI group (n=71,received routine PCI treatment).Postoperative TIMI flow, cardiac function during hospitalization,incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)and rehospitaliza-tion within one-year follow-up after PCI were compared between two groups.Results:Compared with routine PCI group,there were significant reductions in peak values of creatine kinase isoenzyme [CK-MB,(236.62± 133.00) ng/ml vs.(186.47±69.20)ng/ml]and creatine kinase [CK,(2833.39± 198.70)ng/ml vs.(2129.59± 199.40) ng/ml],peak time of CK-MB [(12.38±6.70)h vs.(9.65±3.90)h]and CK [(12.80±8.10)h vs.(9.68± 3.50)h]after blood flow recovery,P < 0.05 all in thrombus suction + PCI group;there were downtrend of MACE (19.7% vs.8.8%)and rehospitalization rate (66.2% vs.50.0%)in thrombus suction + PCI group,but no significant difference between routine PCI group and thrombus suction + PCI group during one-year follow-up,P >0.05. Conclusion:Thrombus suction is help for improving patients condition,reducing enzymology level may be effect improving prognosis.

Objective: To determine the national norm of Chinese questionnaire of quality of life in Chinese patients with cardiovascular diseases (CQQC) according patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease（CAD）, and congestive heart failure（CHF）and to analyze the influence factors. Methods: The quality of life was estimated by CQQC to evaluate 7937 persons normal and with cardiovascular diseases（contain with hypertension, CAD, and CHF ） in 28 hospitals of 19 cities across China. The data were compared in gender, age, exercise, psychologic condition, education, number of family member and medical cost. Results: 1、The mean scores（national norms）of normal persons were （95.74±23.21）; 2、The scores of hypertension patients were （73.75±23.62）, the scores of hypertension stage 3 group （69.06±21.78）were least compared with other stages（P<0.01）; 3、The scores of CAD patients were（64.67±20.59）, the scores of unstable angina group（55.37±18.62）were least compared with other types in CAD patients（P<0.01）; 4、The scores of CHF patients were （40.36±17.24）, it was least compared with those of hypertension and CAD patients （P<0.01）; 5、Influence factor: （1）Sex, age: The mean scores were （71.41±27.8）for 7937 persons, the scores of male persons were significantly higher than those of female (P=0.000). In normal persons, along with age increased, the scores decreased （P<0.05） ; except ≥70 ages group, the scores of male persons were higher than those of female（P<0.05） ; （2）Exercise: The scores of patients participating exercise were significantly higher than those of no participating exercise [（72.64±21.87）vs.（66.91±23.13）, P=0.000]; （3）Psychological condition: The scores of patients with healthy psychological condition were significantly higher than those of with psychologic disorder [（70.13±25.66）vs.（68.91±20.44）, P=0.001]; （4）Other: patients with better education, more than 1 family members and medical insurance or public expense had more scores (P<0.05～0.001). Conclusions： The sample size is large and the datum is reliable for Chinese questionnaire of quality of life in Chinese patients with cardiovascular diseases. It can reflect influence of age, sex, exercise, psychologic condition, family, education background, medical condition and disease, its item is brief, clear, and operation is easy, so it may well be spread.

Objective:To explore the relationship between arterial plasma levels of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and cardiovascular events in patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) .Methods :A total of 88 stable CHD pa‐tients from Aug 2007 to Dec 2008 , were enrolled ,their clinical ,coronary angiography (CAG) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) data were collected .Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to measure arterial (aortic root) plasma vWF level before PCI .Except two lost cases ,according to baseline vWF level ,other patients were divided into high vWF level group (vWF≥13.5 ng/ml ,n=43) and low vWF level group (vWF <13.5 ng/ml , n=43) .Incidence rate of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) ,including mortality rate ,non-fatal acute myocardial infarction (AMI) , CAG+PCI etc .after six years were followed up .Results:After a mean 74.7 months follow-up ,there were no significant difference in mortality rate (9% vs . 9% ) ,person‐time of non‐fatal AMI (12% vs .7% ) ,arrhythmia (9% vs .16% ) ,CAG+ PCI (53% vs .67% ) ,heart failure (30% vs .23% ) ,cere‐brovascular incident (14% vs .26% ) between low vWF level group and high vWF level group ,P>0.05 all .Conclu‐sion:In patients with stable coronary heart disease ,level of von Willebrand factor is not significantly related to long-term cardiovascular events .

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum basic helix-loop-helix transcription fac-tor family member E40(BHLHE40)levels and subclinical atherosclerosis(SAS)in patients with type 2 dia-betes mellitus(T2DM).Methods A total of 145 T2DM patients admitted to the Department of General Prac-tice of Suzhou Municipal Hospital from January 2021 to January 2023 were selected as the study objects.Pa-tients were divided into SAS group(n=80)and non-SAS group(n=65)according to whether SAS occurred.Serum BHLHE40 level and clinical data of the two groups were compared.The correlation between serum BHLHE40 level and carotid intima media thickness(CIMT)was analyzed by Pearson correlation.The risk factors of SAS in T2DM patients were analyzed by multi-factor Logistic regression.The value of serum BHL-HE40 level in the diagnosis of SAS in T2DM patients was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve.Results The age,duration of diabetes,low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),CIMT and serum BHLHE40 levels in SAS group were significantly higher than those in non-SAS group,with statistical differ-ence(P＜0.001).Correlation analysis showed that serum BHLHE40 level was positively correlated with CI-MT(r=0.671,P＜0.001).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of diabetes,age,CIMT,LDL-C and serum BHLHE40 level were all risk factors for SAS in T2DM patients(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis indicated that the area under the curve(AUC)of serum BHLHE40 for the diagnosis of SAS in T2DM patients was 0.742,the sensitivity was 75.0％,and the specificity was 73.9％.Conclusion Serum BHLHE40 expression level is closely related to the occurrence of SAS in T2DM patients,and is of great diag-nostic value for the occurrence of SAS in T2DM patients.

Objective To investigate the transient hemodynamic changes during balloon deflation in coronary interventional operation, so as to explore the potential influence of balloon deflation on the occurrence of post-operative no-reflow. Methods An in vitro experimental apparatus was built, in which a high-speed camera was used to take snapshots of balloon deformation and flow field (marked by dyed water) during balloon deflation. Subsequently, image processing techniques were employed to derive the parameters of balloon deformation and estimate the flow velocity downstream from the balloon. A computer model of the experimental apparatus was constructed, with the incorporation of the measured balloon deformation data, to simulate the balloon deflation process under various perfusion pressure and fluid conditions. Results The balloon exhibited a highly nonlinear deformation behavior during deflation. The measured and simulated flow velocities downstream from the balloon were in reasonable agreement, both manifesting a monotonic increase with post-deflation time and perfusion pressure. Numerical simulations further revealed that when the flow velocity downstream from the balloon approached the physiological value of blood flow velocity in the coronary artery, the flow velocity in the balloon-vessel gap and wall shear stress (WSS) reached up to 8-10 times and 60-70 times of their physiological values, respectively. Conclusions Balloon deflation led to a sharp acceleration of flow in balloon-vessel gap and a concomitant abnormal rise in WSS, which might promote the stripping of plaque or thrombus flakes. In view of the fact that the balloon deflation-induced rise in WSS was augmented by the increase in perfusion pressure, taking strategies such as lowering pre-operative blood pressure or implementing balloon deflation during diastole in coronary interventional operation might help to reduce the risk of no-reflow.