Objective To explore the mechanism of hepatic autophagy inhibition induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury in the aging liver.Methods The healthy male Lewis rats aged 3 months (3M) and 24 months (24M) were selected,and then were randomly divided into 3M IRI group,3M sham operation group,24M IRI group,24M sham operation group.In the experimental group,noninvasive vascular clamp was used to clamp the left and middle hepatic lobes (about 70o％ hepatic ischemia).The liver was subjected to ischemia at 37 0.5℃ for 30min and reperfusion for 6h.The hepatic duodenal ligament was dissected only by sham operation.The serum levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were measured at 6 h after operation.Liver tissues of each group were examined by liver pathology and the number of autophagosome of LC3B in liver tissue of each group was observed under confocal microscopy.The changes of autophagyrelated protein were analyzed by Western blotting.Results The levels of serum ALT and AST in 24M IRI group were significantly higher than those in 3M IRI group,the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05).Pathological analysis showed that 3M IRI group showed spotty necrosis,the 24M IRI group showed massive necrosis and the infiltration of the inflammatory cells;Confocal microscopy showed that the number of autophagosome in the liver tissue of the 24M sham group was slightly lower than that of the 3M sham operation group and the number of autophagosome in the 24M IRI group was significantly lower than that in the 3M IRI group (P＜0.05).The levels of autophagyrelated proteins (Beclin1 and ATG4B protein) in 24M IRI group were significantly down-regulated compare to 3M IRI group (P＜0.05).Conclusion The ischemia-reperfusion injury of liver in aged rats inhibits autophagy,and its mechanism may be related to the decrease of autophagy-related protein level in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury.

AIM: To establish the quality standard for Gubiling Capsules (Penis Et Testis Canis, Radix Noto ginseng, Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Herba Epimedii, Radix Aucklandiae, etc.). METHODS: Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae, Herba Epimedii, Radix Aucklandiae were identified by TLC, and the ginsenoside Rg 1 content was determined by HPLC. RESULTS: Ginsenoside Rg 1 showed a good linear relationship in the range of 1.2-6.0 ?g ( r = 1.00 0 ) and average recovery was 96.9%. RSD was 0.4%. CONCLUSION: These methods are simple, accurate and specific and can be used for the quality control for Gubiling Capsules.

ObjectiveTo perform pharmacology problem-based learning (PBL) and evaluate its effects.MethodsPBL was performed for the clinical medicine class of grade 2007 and the satisfactory degree of students to teaching effects was observed with questionnaire. Results The students thought that PBL teaching had substantial contents and proper schedule and increased learning interest. Students' participating degree, mutual communication and controlling discussion procedure were fine,which reached the expected learning objective. ConclusionsThe effects of PBL teaching were excellent and most of our students could accept it.

[ ABSTRACT] AIM:To investigate the effect of storage temperature in renal biopsy tissue frozen section on immu-nofluorescence results.METHODS:One hundred renal biopsy samples of Zhejiang Province People’ s Hospital from Janu-ary to June, 2015 were enrolled.Two sets of cutting slices were stored in -70 ℃ low temperature refrigerator as experi-mental group and in -12 ℃ freezing cryostat as control group.The immunoglobulins ( IgG, IgA and IgM) and comple-ments (C3, C4 and C1q) as well as fibrinogen were detected with direct immunofluorescence in the next day.The typeⅣcollagen a3 and a5 chains were also detected by indirect immunofluorescence, and the qualitative and semi-quantitative re-sults were observed under the fluorescence microscope.RESULTS:There were 16 cases of 3+~4+IgG in the experi-mental group, while the corresponding IgG was all 1+~2+in control group, significantly weaker than that in experimen-tal group.There were 99 cases of 3+~4+a3 and 3+~4+a5 in experimental group, white there were 92 cases of 1+~2+a3/a5 and 8 cases negative in control group.The positive intensity was decreased in control group with statistical difference between the 2 groups ( P<0.05) .There were 15 cases of 4+IgA, 19 cases of 3+IgA, 15 cases of 3+IgM, 11 cases of 2+IgM, 13 cases of 4+C3, and 12 cases of 3+C3 in experimental group.The control group were similar to the results of experimental group, and no difference between the 2 groups was observed.CONCLUSION:The immunoflu-orescence results of renal biopsy frozen sections are highly affected by the section storage temperature, which has greater in-fluence on the immunofluorescence positive intensity of IgG and typeⅣcollagen.The renal biopsy frozen section should be stored in -70 ℃low temperature refrigerator.

A series of [1,3]dioxolo[4,5-f]isoindolone derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterases (AChE). Furthermore, their effects on memory impairment of mice induced by scopolamine were investigated with step-through test. The results suggested that most of the target compounds exhibited potential inhibition on AChE with IC50 values at micromolar range. Compounds I1 (IC50 value of 0.086 μmol · L(-1)) and I2 (IC50 value of 0.080 μmol · L(-1)) showed the strongest AChE inhibitory activity, which are equipotent to donepezil (IC50 value of 0.094 μmol · L(-1)). Moreover, compounds I1-I4 could improve the memory impairment induced by scopolamine in mice.

Objective To evaluate clinical remission in patients with small bowel Crohn's disease (SBCD) who have received infliximab(IFX) therapy and to evaluate capsule endoscopy combined with ileocolonoscopy for mucosal healing at 14th week of IFX therapy.Methods Clinical data of 23 SBCD patients who received IFX were retrospectively analyzed.Laboratory indices [routine blood tests,C-reactive protein (CRP)and albumin],Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI),Lewis score (LS),Crohn's disease simplified endoscopic score (SES-CD),side effects and complications were compared before IFX treatment and at 14th week of IFX therapy.Results In 23 SBCD patients,both CDAI and CRP levels significantly decreased (P＜0.01) while body mass index (BMI) and albumin levels increased at 14th week (P＜0.05),compared with those before treatment.The clinical remission rate at 14th week was 91.3％ (21/23).There were 8/23 (34.8％)SBCD patients achieving mucosal healing in small bowel,12/21 (57.1％) in terminal ileum and colon,and 7/21 (33.3％) in both small bowel and colon.Twelve patients achieved both clinical remission and biochemical remission at 14th week and all of them achieved mucosal healing in both terminal ileum and colon (SES-CD ≤ 2).However,there were 5 (41.7％) of them still with small bowel inflammation (LS＞ 135).Conclusion IFX plays a role in promoting clinical remission and mucosal healing in SBCD patients.Mucosal healing of CD patients in terminal ileum and other parts of small intestine are not synchronized.For CD patients with small bowel and colon involved,the evaluation of the whole gastrointestinal tract by capsule endoscopy combined with ileocolonoscopy is recommended on condition that they have no intestinal obstruction or severe stricture.

OBJECTIVETo study the therapeutic effect and feasibility of rectoclysis with Tuihuang decoction (RTD) in treating hyperbilirubinemia of newborns.

METHODSOne hundred and seventy-five newborns with hyperbilirubinemia were randomly divided into the treated group and the control group. They were treated with western medicine plus double faced blue treatment while the treated group were given RTD additionally. Blood bilirubin was detected by micro-bilirubin detector daily during the treatment course. The time of jaundice regression, the speed of blood bilirubin reducing, liver function, and condition of rebounding were observed.

RESULTSThe 7-day curative rate of jaundice in the treated group was superior to that in the control group, showing significant difference (P < 0.05). The average speed of blood bilirubin reducing daily in the treated group was quicker than that in the control group (P < 0.01). The improvement of liver function, such as AST, ALT and gamma-GT in the treated group was superior to that in the control group (P < 0.01). Rebound rate of blood bilirubin in the control group was significantly higher than that in the treated group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRTD is an ideal therapy for treatment of hyperbilirubinemia of newborn, it shows obvious clinical efficacy and can effectively prevent the rebound of blood bilirubin.

Administration, Rectal ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; drug therapy ; Infant, Newborn ; Jaundice, Neonatal ; drug therapy ; Male ; Phytotherapy

A series of novel 4-substituted-3-nitrobenzamide derivatives were designed and synthesized. The structures of the target compounds were confirmed with 1H NMR, 13C NMR, MS and element analysis. Anti-tumor activities against HCT-116, MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines in vitro were evaluated by SRB assay. The results indicated most of the target compounds exhibited potent anti-tumor activity. Compound 4a showed the most potent inhibitory activities against three cancer cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.904-2.111 micromol x L(-1). Compounds 4g, 41-4n exhibited more potent inhibitory activities against MDA-MB435 and HL-60 cell lines with the GI50 values of 1.008-3.586 micromol x L(-1) and 1.993-3.778 micromol x L(-1), respectively. The structure-activity relationship of these compounds is discussed preliminarily.

To observe the changes of tongue and pulse parameters in lung cancer patients after combined treatment with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine, and to probe into the application of the tongue and pulse parameters in evaluation of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine therapy on lung cancer patients.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of open tension-free hernioplasty and two kind of laparoscopic hernia repair for the treatment of primary unilateral inguinal hernia. Methods Patients suffering from primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomly divided into 3 groups to undergoopen operation with mesh-plug and patch or transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty (TAPP) or totally extraperitoneal hernioplasty (ZEP). Results From February 2006 to February 2009, a total of 164patients were divided into 3 groups, with 62 undergoing open tension-free mesh-plug hernia repair, 50receiving TAPP and 52 receiving TEP. Postoperative patients were then followed up for a period of(16±8)months. The average operating time for the patients in the open mesh repair group was significantly shorter compared to the other two groups (P＜0.01 ). The cost in the open mesh repair group was also significantly lower than the other two groups (P＜0.01). The pain scores in open mesh group were significantly higher than those in the other two groups (P＜0.01). The hospital stay and the recovery time were both significantly longer in the open mesh repair group (P＜0.01) compared to the other two groups. No major complications and recurrence was found in neither groups. Conclusions Open tension-free mesh-plug hernia repair, TAPP and TEP are all safe and effective for the treatment for patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia. TAPP and TEP are superior to open tension-free mesh-plug hernia repair as these two procedures involve less postoperative pain and fast recovery.